​《纽约时报》盘点2019年第一次发生的事

盘点2019年第一次发生的事

Things That Happened for the First Time in 2019

TRICIA TISAK

1. Aston Martin unveils its first-ever electric car

阿斯顿·马丁推出首款电动汽车

The world may not be enough, but James Bond is poised to do his part to help keep it green. Aston Martin, the British maker of the sports car that the secret agent drives onscreen, revealed its first electric car, the Rapide E, at the Shanghai Auto Show in April. The car, which costs $326,000, can go from 0 to 60 miles per hour in under four seconds and has a maximum speed of 155 m.p.h. — plenty fast for all those car chases.

征服世界也许是还不够，但詹姆斯·邦德(James Bond)随时准备为环保尽自己的一份力量。为这位荧幕特工提供座驾的英国车厂阿斯顿·马丁(Aston Martin)在四月的上海车展上展示了其首款电动汽车Rapide E。这款售价32.6万美元的车0到60英里加速不到四秒，最高时速为每小时155英里——对于邦德飙车来说足够了。

unveil

1) 表示“公布”，英文解释为“If you unveil a plan, new product, or some other thing that has been kept secret, you introduce it to the public.”举个🌰：

Mr. Werner unveiled his new strategy this week. 

沃纳先生本周公布了他的新策略。

2) 表示“为…揭幕”，英文解释为“If someone formally unveils something such as a new statue or painting, they draw back the curtain which is covering it.”如：a ceremony to unveil a monument to the victims 死难者纪念碑揭幕仪式。

补充：

南京大屠杀死难者国家公祭日

the National Memorial Day for Nanjing Massacre Victims

poised

表示“随时准备行动的”，英文解释为“If someone is poised to do something, they are ready to take action at any moment.”举个🌰：

The company is poised to launch its new advertising campaign.

公司随时准备发起新的广告攻势。

2. Pigs seen using tools for the first time

第一次观察到猪对工具的使用

A study published in Mammalian Biology this year reported that an endangered pig species, the Visayan warty pig, was recorded using tools. A conservation ecologist witnessed a female pig using a stick inside her snout to dig in her enclosure at a zoo in Paris.

今年发表在《哺乳动物生物学》(Mammalian Biology)上的一项研究报告称观察到卷毛野猪（一种濒临灭绝的猪）对工具的使用。一位生态保护学家在巴黎一个动物园里目睹了一只母猪在围栏内用嘴拾起一根棍子挖土。

snout

snout /snaʊt/

1) 表示“（猪等的）长鼻，口鼻部”，英文解释为“The snout of an animal such as a pig is its long nose.”举个🌰：

Two alligators rest their snouts on the water's surface.

两只鳄鱼的大嘴栖息在水面上。

2) 表示“口吻状物（如车头、枪管等）”，英文解释为“Writers sometimes refer to the front of a car or the barrel of a gun as its snout.”举个🌰：

The tank stopped with the long snout of its gun turned to the ridge.

坦克停了下来，长长的炮管转过来瞄准了山脊。

enclosure

表示“围场”，英文解释为“An enclosure is an area of land that is surrounded by a wall or fence and that is used for a particular purpose.”举个🌰：

This enclosure was so vast that the outermost wall could hardly be seen. 

这块圈地大得几乎看不见它最外面的围墙。

3. A royal first on Instagram

王室Instagram初体验

Queen Elizabeth II posted for the first time on Instagram in March, sharing a photograph of a letter written to Prince Albert — the husband of Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth’s great-great-grandfather — in 1843 that was part of an exhibit at London’s Science Museum.

今年3月，英国女王伊丽莎白二世首次在Instagram上晒出了一张照片，上面是一封1843年写给阿尔伯特亲王（维多利亚女王的丈夫，伊丽莎白女王的曾曾祖父）的信函，这封信是伦敦科学博物馆展览的展品。

4. Jeff Koons sculpture breaks auction record

杰夫·昆斯雕塑打破拍卖纪录

“Rabbit,” a stainless-steel sculpture the artist Jeff Koons created in 1986, set a world record when it sold for $91.1 million, including fees, in May, making it the most expensive work sold at auction by a living artist. The art dealer Robert E. Mnuchin, the father of Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin, purchased the sculpture for an undisclosed client.

艺术家杰夫·昆斯(Jeff Koons)于1986年创作的不锈钢雕塑《兔子》(Rabbit)于5月以9110万美元的价格（含佣金）售出，创造了世界纪录，使其成为拍价最高的在世艺术家作品。艺术品经销商、美国财政部长史蒂夫·马努钦(Steve Mnuchin)的父亲罗伯特·E·马努钦(Robert E. Mnuchin)受一位匿名客户所托购买了这座雕塑。

auction

1) 作名词，表示“拍卖”，英文解释为“An auction is a public sale where items are sold to the person who offers the highest price.”举个🌰：

The painting is expected to fetch up to $123,000 at auction. 

这幅画预计在拍卖会上能卖到12.3万美元。

2) 作动词，表示“拍卖”，英文解释为“If something is auctioned, it is sold in an auction.” 举个🌰：

Two drawings by French artist Cocteau will be auctioned next week. 

法国艺术家科克托的两幅画作将在下周拍卖。

fee

表示“酬金”，英文解释为“A fee is the amount of money that a person or organization is paid for a particular job or service that they provide.”举个🌰：

Lawyer's fees can be substantial. 

律师的酬金可以很丰厚。

undisclosed

表示“保密的；未公开的”，英文解释为“Undisclosed information is not revealed to the public.”举个🌰：

The company has been sold for an undisclosed amount. 

该公司已经以一笔未公开的价钱被出售。

5. Rare albino panda spotted in China

中国发现稀有白化病熊猫

An albino panda, the first of its kind to be captured on camera, was spotted at a natural reserve in the Sichuan Province of China. Although brown-and-white pandas have been observed in northwestern China, this is the first time an all-white panda has been recorded.

在中国四川省的一个自然保护区中发现了一只白化大熊猫，这是用镜头捕捉到的第一只这样的大熊猫。尽管在中国西北地区已观察到棕白相间的大熊猫，这种全白大熊猫的记录尚属首次。

capture

1) 表示“拍摄”，英文解释为“If an event is captured in a photograph or on film, it is photographed or filmed.”举个🌰：

The images were captured by TV crews filming outside the base. 

这些镜头被正在基地外拍摄的电视台工作人员捕捉到了。

2) 表示“充分体现”，英文解释为“If something or someone captures a particular quality, feeling, or atmosphere, they represent or express it successfully.”举个🌰：

Chef Idris Caldora offers an inspired menu that captures the spirit of the Mediterranean. 

伊德里斯·卡尔多拉厨师的菜单很有创意，充分体现了地中海风情。

3) 表示“吸引”，英文解释为“If something captures your attention or imagination, you begin to be interested or excited by it. If someone or something captures your heart, you begin to love them or like them very much.”如：the great names of the past who usually capture the historian's attention 那些常常为史学家所关注的伟人们。

6. Rihanna is first woman of color to head a fashion house at LVMH

蕾哈娜是首位引领LVMH路威酩轩集团旗下时装公司的有色女性

Rihanna’s Fenty brand has joined fashion forces with LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton, the world’s largest luxury group, and in doing so, the artist has accomplished many firsts. She is the first woman to originate a brand at LVMH and the first woman of color at the head of a fashion house there. Fenty is also the first brand that earned its chops on the social media stage to be backed by one of the major luxury conglomerates.

蕾哈娜(Rihanna)的品牌Fenty入驻全球最大的奢侈品集团路威酩轩集团(LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton)，这意味着在许多方面开创先河。她是第一个在LVMH创立品牌的女性，也是第一位在该集团掌管一个时尚品牌的有色女性。Fenty也是第一个在社交媒体平台上赢得赞誉的大型奢侈品集团注资品牌。

head

表示“居…之首”，英文解释为“If something heads a list or group, it is at the top of it.”举个🌰：

Running a business heads the list of ambitions among the 1,000 people interviewed by Good Housekeeping magazine. 

在《好管家》杂志对1000人关于事业志向的采访中，开公司位列名单之首。

first

作名词，表示“首次发生的事”，英文解释为“An event that is described as a first has never happened before and is important or exciting.”举个🌰：

It is a first for New York. An outdoor exhibition of Fernando Botero's sculpture on Park Avenue. 

在公园大道上举办费尔南多·博特罗的雕塑户外展览，这在纽约可是第一次！

chops

表示“（人或动物的）嘴周围的地方”，英文解释为“ the part of a person's or an animal's face around the mouth”举个🌰：

The dog sat licking its chops.

那只狗坐着在舔嘴。  

back

1) 表示“支持”，英文解释为“If you back a person or a course of action, you support them, for example, by voting for them or giving them money.”举个🌰：

His defence says it has found a new witness to back his claim that he is a victim of mistaken identity. 

他的辩词称已经找到一位新的证人来证实他是弄错了的身份的受害者。

2) 表示“下赌注于”，英文解释为“If you back a particular person, team, or horse in a competition, you predict that they will win, and usually you bet money that they will win.”举个🌰：

She backed the Detroit Lions to beat the Chicago Bears by at least 20-10. 

她下注赌底特律狮队至少会以20-10击败芝加哥熊队。

3) 表示“为…伴奏；为…伴唱”，英文解释为“If a singer is backed by a band or by other singers, they provide the musical background for the singer.”举个🌰：

She chose to be backed by a classy trio of acoustic guitar, bass and congas. 

她选择了用原声吉他、低音吉他和康茄鼓组成的经典三重奏组合为自己伴奏。

conglomerate

表示“企业集团”，英文解释为“A conglomerate is a large business firm consisting of several different companies.”如：the world's second-largest media conglomerate 世界第二大传媒集团。

类似的还有：

· giant 来表示“巨头，大公司”，英文解释为“Giant is often used to refer to any large, successful business organization or country.”如：Japanese electronics giant, Sony 日本的电子业巨头——索尼公司。

· behemoth /ˈbiːhɪmɒθ/ 表示“巨头（指规模庞大、实力雄厚的公司或机构）”，英文解释为“a very big and powerful company or organization”。

7. Scientists release first-ever image of black hole

科学家发布第一张黑洞图片

For the first time, astronomers released an image of a black hole — something that has eluded scientists for more than half a century. An international effort involving eight radio observatories across four continents observed the black hole located in Messier 87, a large galaxy some 55 million light-years away from Earth, over 10 days in April 2017. But it took two years of computer analysis to piece together the image, which was released in April this year.

天文学家首次发布了一张黑洞图片——半个多世纪以来，科学家一直难以捕捉到它。这是一项全球协作，横跨四大洲的八座射电天文台于2017年4月观测了位于M87星系的黑洞，该大型星系距离地球5500万光年，观测持续了十天。然而通过电脑分析合成图片花了两年时间，最终于今年4月发布。

elude

表示“不为...所得；使不记得；使不理解”，英文解释为“If sth eludes you, you are not able to achieve it, or not able to remember or understand it.”举个🌰：

They're a popular band but chart success has eluded them so far.

他们是一支很受欢迎的乐队，但到目前为止还未能在每周流行唱片榜上取得佳绩。 

8. China makes historic first landing on far side of the moon

中国进行史上首次月球背面着陆

China’s Chang’e-4 spacecraft landed on the moon in early January with the mission to explore the terrain on the moon’s mysterious far side. The landing marks China’s second successful lunar mission. Another attempt at a lunar landing — this time, by India, in September — fizzled, when communication between mission control and the spacecraft fell silent within its being 1.3 miles of the moon’s surface.

中国的嫦娥四号飞船于1月初登月，其任务是探索神秘的月球背面的地形。这次登陆是中国第二次成功的登月任务。另外印度有一次失败的尝试——9月，航天器在距离月球表面1.3英里时与指挥中心失去联系。

fizzle

表示“虎头蛇尾地结束”，英文解释为“If something fizzles, it ends in a weak or disappointing way after starting off strongly.”举个🌰：

Our relationship fizzled into nothing. 

我们的关系无果而终了。

9. Compasses in Greenwich point to true north

格林尼治的罗盘指向真北

For the first time in 360 years, true north and compass north aligned in Greenwich, England. Earth has two north poles: a geographic north and a magnetic north. Most of the time, compasses don’t point to true north; instead, they point to the Earth’s magnetic pole, which shifts because of the planet’s magnetic liquid core.

360年来，真北与磁北在英格兰格林尼治首次重合。地球有两个北极：地理北极和磁性北极。大多数时候，指南针并不指向真北，而是指向地球的磁极，它们由于地球的磁性液态地核而偏移。

align

1) 表示“使对齐”，英文解释为“If you align something, you place it in a certain position in relation to something else, usually parallel to it.”举个🌰：

A tripod will be useful to align and steady the camera. 

三脚架会有助于对齐稳住照相机。

2) 表示“与…结盟，英文解释为“If you align yourself with a particular group, you support them because you have the same political aim.”举个🌰：

When war broke out, they aligned themselves with the rebel forces. 

战争爆发以后，他们与叛军结了盟。

10. Two women make historic NASA spacewalk

两名女性进行历史性太空行走

Astronauts Christina Koch and Jessica Meir completed the first all-woman spacewalk in NASA’s history in October. They headed outside of the International Space Station to repair a power controller. Women weren’t allowed to join NASA’s astronaut program until 1978.

10月，宇航员克里斯蒂娜·科赫(Christina Koch)和杰西卡·梅尔(Jessica Meir)完成了美国宇航局历史上首次完全由女性参加的太空行走。她们前往国际空间站外修理电源控制器。女性直到1978年才被允许加入NASA的宇航员项目。

head

和上文的head不同的是，此处head表示“朝着…行进”，英文解释为“If you are heading or are headed for a particular place, you are going toward that place.”举个🌰：

He was headed for the bus stop. 

他朝公交车站走去。

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