75年了，我们永远不会忘记！
14年浴血奋战，3500多万同胞伤亡，75年前的今天，中华民族终于迎来胜利！铭记历史，缅怀先烈！吾辈自强，奋勇前进！
Instrument of Surrender
We, acting by command of and in behalf of the Emperor of Japan, the Japanese Government and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters, hereby accept the provisions set forth in the declaration issued by the heads of the Governments of the United States, China and Great Britain on 26 July 1945 at Potsdam, and subsequently adhered to by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which four powers are hereafter referred to as the Allied Powers.
We hereby proclaim the unconditional surrender to the Allied Powers of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters and of all Japanese armed forces and all armed forces under Japanese control wherever situated.
We hereby command all Japanese forces wherever situated and the Japanese people to cease hostilities forthwith, to preserve and save from damage all ships, aircraft, and military and civil property and to comply with all requirements which may be imposed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers or by agencies of the Japanese Government at his direction.
We hereby command the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters to issue at once orders to the Commanders of all Japanese forces and all forces under Japanese control wherever situated to surrender unconditionally themselves and all forces under their control.
We hereby command all civil, military and naval officials to obey and enforce all proclamations, orders and directives deemed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers to be proper to effectuate this surrender and issued by him or under his authority and we direct all such officials to remain at their posts and continue to perform their non-combatant duties unless specifically relieved by him or under his authority.
We hereby undertake for the Emperor, the Japanese Government and their successors to carry out the provisions of the Potsdam Declaration in good faith, and to issue whatever orders and take whatever action may be required by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers or by any other designated representative of the Allied Powers for the purpose of giving effect to that Declaration.
We hereby command the Japanese Imperial Government and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters at once to liberate all allied prisoners of war and civilian internees now under Japanese control and to provide for their protection, care, maintenance and immediate transportation to places as directed.
The authority of the Emperor and the Japanese Government to rule the state shall be subject to the Supreme Commander for Allied Powers who will take such steps as he deems proper to effectuate these terms of surrender.
Signed at TOKYO BAY, JAPAN at 09.04 on the SECOND day of SEPTEMBER, 1945.
重光葵
By Command and in behalf of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese Government.
梅津美治郎
By Command and in behalf of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters.
Accepted at TOKYO BAY, JAPAN at 0908 on the SECOND day of SEPTEMBER, 1945, for the United States, Republic of China, United Kingdom and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and in the interests of the other United Nations at war with Japan.
- ◆ -
含注释全文：
Instrument of Surrender
日本投降书
We, acting by command of and in behalf of the Emperor of Japan, the Japanese Government and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters, hereby accept the provisions set forth in the declaration issued by the heads of the Governments of the United States, China and Great Britain on 26 July 1945 at Potsdam, and subsequently adhered to by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which four powers are hereafter referred to as the Allied Powers.
余等兹对合众国、中华民国、及大不列颠帝国，各国政府首脑，于一千九百四十五年七月二十六日于波茨坦宣而尔后由苏维埃社会主义共和国联邦之参加宣言条款，并根据日本政府，天皇，及日本帝国大本营之命令代表受诺之。右述四国以后称之为联合国。
provision
作名词，此处表示“（法律文件的）规定，条款”，英文解释为“a condition or an arrangement in a legal document”举个🌰：
Under the provisions of the lease, the tenant is responsible for repairs.
按契约规定，房客负责房屋维修。
set forth
表示“阐明；陈述”，英文解释为“to state, express, or utter”，用于正式文体中。它有一个近义表达：set out，同样表示“详述；阐明”，如：
Your contract will set out the terms and conditions of your employment.
你的合同会详细说明聘用的期限和条件。
📺美剧《24小时》（24 Hours）中的台词提到：the terms set forth therein, as stipulated by international law. 由国际法规定的各项协议条款。
hereby & hereafter
这两个词都用于正式文体当中，常见于法律文本。
hereby表示“特此，兹；以此”，英文解释为“as a result of this statement – used in official situations”；
hereafter表示“在下文中，此后”，英文解释为“in a later part of an official or legal document law”，如：LearnAndRecord (hereafter LR) ，以下简称LR，举个🌰：
I hereby agree to the conditions of this contract.
我同意此合同的条款，特此声明。
补充：
📍上文电影例句中还提到therein，表示“在那里，在其中（指提及的地点、物体、文件等）”，英文解释为“in the place, object, document, etc. mentioned”。
We hereby proclaim the unconditional surrender to the Allied Powers of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters and of all Japanese armed forces and all armed forces under Japanese control wherever situated.
余等兹布告，无论日本帝国大本营，及任何地方所有之日本国军队，与夫日本国所支配下一切军队，悉对联合国无条件投降。
proclaim
表示“宣布；声明”，英文解释为“to say publicly or officially that something important is true or exists”，proclaim后面可以接单个的名词，也可以接that+从句，举个🌰：
She was proclaimed Queen at the age of 13 after the sudden death of her father.
父亲突然去世后，她13岁就被立为女王。
📺英剧《唐顿庄园》（Downton Abbey）第五季中的台词提到：Don't proclaim your intransigence as if it were a virtue. 别把你的强硬态度当做什么优点炫耀。
We hereby command all Japanese forces wherever situated and the Japanese people to cease hostilities forthwith, to preserve and save from damage all ships, aircraft, and military and civil property and to comply with all requirements which may be imposed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers or by agencies of the Japanese Government at his direction.
余等兹命令任何地方之一切日本国军队，及日本国臣民，即刻停止敌对行动，保存所有船舶及军用财产，且防止损毁，并服从联合国最高司令官及其指示，对日本国政府之各机关所课之一切要求，应于以应诺。
hostilities
复数，表示“战争状态；战争行为”，英文解释为“You can refer to fighting between two countries or groups who are at war as hostilities.”举个🌰：
Hostilities began/broke out just after midnight.
刚过午夜战斗便打响了。
forthwith
相等于immediately，表示“即刻，立刻，马上”，举个🌰：
The agreement between us is terminated forthwith.
我们之间的协议立即终止。
句子解析
原句：We hereby command all Japanese forces wherever situated and the Japanese people to preserve and save from damage all ships, aircraft, and military and civil property.
这句话看似简单，有个小细节需要注意：We hereby command all Japanese forces wherever situated and the Japanese people to preserve and save from damage [all ships, aircraft, and military and civil property].
此处原来的语序应该是preserve and save [all ships, aircraft, and military and civil property] from damage，只不过英文里遇到这种中间成分太长的情况往往会把它后移。
We hereby command the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters to issue at once orders to the Commanders of all Japanese forces and all forces under Japanese control wherever situated to surrender unconditionally themselves and all forces under their control.
余等兹命令日本帝国大本营，对于任何地方之一切日本国军队，及由日本国支配下一切军队指挥官，速即发布其本身或其支配下之一切军队无条件投降之命令。
We hereby command all civil, military and naval officials to obey and enforce all proclamations, orders and directives deemed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers to be proper to effectuate this surrender and issued by him or under his authority and we direct all such officials to remain at their posts and continue to perform their non-combatant duties unless specifically relieved by him or under his authority.
余等兹命令所有官厅、陆军及海军之职员，命令其遵守其施行联合国最高司令官为实施此投降文件，认为适当而其自己发出，或根据其委任发出之一切布告其指示，且命令右开职员，除由联合国最高司令官，或根据其事务委任，与解除其任务以外，均须留于各自原有地位，且仍继续行使各个之非战斗任务。
directive
表示“官方指示；命令”，英文解释为“A directive is an official instruction that is given by someone in authority.”举个🌰：
Thanks to a new directive, food labelling will be more specific.
由于官方的一项新指令，食品标签将会更明确具体。
deem
表示“认为；相信”，英文解释为“If something is deemed to have a particular quality or to do a particular thing, it is considered to have that quality or do that thing.”举个🌰：
He says he would support the use of force if the UN deemed it necessary.
他说如果联合国认为有必要，他就支持动用武力。
🎬电影《绯闻计划》（Easy A）中的台词提到：I personally deem... wildly inappropriate for our age group, 个人认为相对我们的年龄很不恰当。
effectuate
effectuate /ɪˈfɛktjʊˌeɪt/ 表示“使发生；使有效；完成”，英文解释为“to cause to happen; effect; accomplish”。
🎬电影《卡波特》（Capote）中的台词提到：我要求实行弃权 I ask that the waiver be effectuated.
relieve
熟词僻义，表示“接替；换…的班；替下”，英文解释为“to take the place of someone and continue doing their job or duties”举个🌰：
I'm on duty until 2 p.m. and then Peter is coming to relieve me.
我要值班到下午两点，两点以后彼得就会来换班。
补充：
📍relieve sb. of ...就有“把（某人）从（工作岗位上）开除；解除（某人）的职务”的意思（to remove someone from their job or position because they have done something wrong），举个🌰：
Following the scandal, he was relieved of his post as deputy finance minister.
丑闻曝光后，他被解除了财政部副部长的职务。
We hereby undertake for the Emperor, the Japanese Government and their successors to carry out the provisions of the Potsdam Declaration in good faith, and to issue whatever orders and take whatever action may be required by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers or by any other designated representative of the Allied Powers for the purpose of giving effect to that Declaration.
余等兹为天皇、日本国政府、及其继续者，承约切实履行波茨坦宣言之条款，发布为实施宣言之联合国最高司令官，及其他特派联合国代表要求之一切命令，且实施一切措置。
undertake
1）表示“（开始）做，承担，从事（尤指耗时或困难之事）”，英文解释为“to do or begin to do something, especially something that will take a long time or be difficult”举个🌰：
Students are required to undertake simple experiments.
要求学生们做些简单的实验。
2）文中用法，undertake to do表示“承诺，允诺，答应”，英文解释为“to promise that you will do something”举个🌰：
She undertook not to publish the names of the people involved.
她答应不公布有关人员的名字。
in good faith
表示“真诚地，诚实地”，英文解释为“If something is done in good faith, it is done sincerely and honestly.”举个🌰：
She was acting in good faith for her client.
她真诚地为客户服务。
We hereby command the Japanese Imperial Government and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters at once to liberate all allied prisoners of war and civilian internees now under Japanese control and to provide for their protection, care, maintenance and immediate transportation to places as directed.
余等兹对日本国政府、及日本帝国大本营命令，即速解放现由日本国支配下所有联合国俘虏，及被拘留者，且执行对彼等之保护、津贴、给养，及对指定地点之迅速运输等措置。
internee
internee /ˌɪntɜːˈniː/ 表示“被拘禁者，遭扣押者，被关押者”，英文解释为“a person who has been put in prison for political or military reasons, especially during a war”；
区分：
📍intern表示“实习生”（a student or new graduate who is getting practical experience in a job, for example during the summer holiday/vacation）。
📍intern作动词，就可以表示“拘禁，扣押，关押”(to put someone in prison for political or military reasons, especially during a war）
翻译小技巧
to provide for their protection, care, maintenance and immediate transportation to places as directed 执行对彼等之保护、津贴、给养，及对指定地点之迅速运输等措置。
📍这里是翻译里经常用到的方法——增词，具体而言，此处是增加范畴词“措置”。
The authority of the Emperor and the Japanese Government to rule the state shall be subject to the Supreme Commander for Allied Powers who will take such steps as he deems proper to effectuate these terms of surrender.
天皇及日本国政府统治国家之权限，置于为实施投降条款采用认为适当措置之联合国最高司令官之限制下。
subject to
1）表示“受…支配；服从于”，英文解释为“under the authority of sth/sb”举个🌰：
All nuclear installations are subject to international safeguards.
一切核设施均须执行国际防护措施。
2）表示“取决于；视…而定”，英文解释为“depending on sth in order to be completed or agreed”举个🌰：
The article is ready to publish, subject to your approval.
那篇文章准备好了，可以发表，就等你批准了。
3）表示“可能受…影响的；易遭受…的”，英文解释为“likely to be affected by sth, especially sth bad”举个🌰：
Flights are subject to delay because of the fog.
由于有雾，航班可能延误。
🎬电影《鹰眼》（Eagle Eye）中的台词提到：Unattended luggage is subject to collection and search by the airport police. 无人看管的行李会被机场警方托收并检查。
Signed at TOKYO BAY, JAPAN at 09.04 on the SECOND day of SEPTEMBER, 1945.
重光葵
By Command and in behalf of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese Government.
一千九百四十五年九月二日午前九时四分，于东京湾密苏里号舰上签字之，并根据大日本帝国天皇陛下及日本国政府之命令且以其名义。
重光葵
梅津美治郎
By Command and in behalf of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters.
根据日本帝国大本营之命令且以下名义。
梅津美治郎
Accepted at TOKYO BAY, JAPAN at 0908 on the SECOND day of SEPTEMBER, 1945, for the United States, Republic of China, United Kingdom and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and in the interests of the other United Nations at war with Japan.
一千九百四十五年九月二日午前九时四分，于东京湾为美利坚合众国、中华民国、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，及苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟，及与日本国存在战争状态之其他联合国之利益受诺之。
Douglas MacArthur
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers.
联合国最高司令官 道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟元帅
C.W. Nimitz
United States Representative
美利坚合众国代表 尼米兹元帅
Hsu Yung-Ch'ang
Republic of China Representative
中华民国代表 徐永昌上将
Bruce Fraser
United Kingdom Representative
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国代表 符立则
Kuzma Derevyanko
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Representative
苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟代表 狄里夫杨柯中将
Thomas Blamey
Commonwealth of Australia Representative
澳大利亚联邦代表 浦列米
L. Moore Cosgrave
Dominion of Canada Representative
加拿大国代表 柯司克列失
Jacques Leclerc
Provisional Government of the French Republic Representative
法兰西国代表 克列克
C.E.L. Helfrich
Kingdom of the Netherlands Representative
荷兰国代表 赫尔佛尼兹
Leonard M. Isitt
Dominion of New Zealand Representative
新西兰代表 依西特
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LearnAndRecord
2015年2月8日
2020年9月3日
第2035天
每天持续行动学外语