不要污名化伞兵
近日，“伞兵”成了不少网友吐槽、骂人的“谐音梗”。央视网青年品牌官方微博发文呼吁，「伞兵」是光荣、值得尊敬的职业，不要污名化伞兵！
“512汶川大地震，空降兵15勇士临危受命，从5000米高空冒死一跳，打开空中救援通道；抗洪救灾时，空降兵闻令而动，冲锋在前……”
借此机会，我们来了解一下伞兵的相关介绍。
无注释原文：
Requirements to Become a Paratrooper
From: CHRON
By: Tony Guerra
The history of airborne military troops, or paratroopers, goes back to World War II. In response to German use of airborne forces in 1939 in Crete, Norway and Belgium, U.S. military planners began developing an airborne doctrine for U.S. forces. The first large-scale use of U.S. military paratroopers occurred during the Allied invasion of Sicily in July 1943. Ever since their use in World War II, hopeful U.S. military paratroopers have had to meet rigorous qualification and training requirements.
U.S. Military Parachutists
The term "paratrooper" has traditionally described a U.S. Army soldier or officer serving in an airborne unit. The Army's three sister services also have personnel trained and qualified in airborne operations, including Marine reconnaissance, Air Force pararescue and Navy SEAL units. Parachute-qualified personnel of all four U.S. military services are frequently trained at the U.S. Army's airborne school at Fort Benning, Georgia. In addition to paratroopers, the Army also offers parachute and airborne training to personnel in other career fields.
Paratrooper Entrance Requirements
U.S. Army paratrooper training is on a volunteer basis only. Army personnel also have to achieve a minimum of 180 points on their physical fitness test (PFT), with at least 60 points each on the push-up, sit-up and 2-mile run individual events. Male and female volunteers for paratrooper training must meet the Army-wide 17- to 21-year-old performance standard. In the Army, you also must be less than 36 years old on the date you start your paratrooper training.
Paratrooper Training Requirements
The Army's basic paratrooper course lasts three weeks and is divided into ground, tower and jump weeks. A hopeful Army paratrooper's ground week is spent learning basic jump and landing procedures. Paratrooper training during the airborne course's tower week includes mastering group jump procedures and qualifying on the 250-foot controlled descent tower. Jump week at Army paratrooper training consists of five jumps from 1,250 feet in a C-130 or C-17 aircraft, with those successfully completing the course earning their silver basic parachutist wings.
Army Paratrooper Pay
Army uniformed personnel serving in jobs requiring parachutist or airborne qualification may earn additional monthly special pay for parachute duty. The Army pays its actual paratroopers hazardous duty pay of $150 per month for their jump duties. Army personnel serving in jobs requiring advanced parachutist skills such as HALO or "high altitude-low open" jumps from extreme heights are paid $225 monthly. Additionally, Army paratroopers must jump at least once every three months to receive hazardous duty pay on a continuous basis.
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注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
Requirements to Become a Paratrooper
From: CHRON
By: Tony Guerra
The history of airborne military troops, or paratroopers, goes back to World War II. In response to German use of airborne forces in 1939 in Crete, Norway and Belgium, U.S. military planners began developing an airborne doctrine for U.S. forces. The first large-scale use of U.S. military paratroopers occurred during the Allied invasion of Sicily in July 1943. Ever since their use in World War II, hopeful U.S. military paratroopers have had to meet rigorous qualification and training requirements.
空降兵或伞兵的历史可以追溯到第二次世界大战。作为对德国1939年在克里特岛（Crete）、挪威（Norway）和比利时（Belgium）使用空降部队的回应，美国军事规划人员开始为美国部队制定空降理论。美军首次大规模使用伞兵是在1943年7月盟军入侵西西里岛（Sicily）的时候。自从在二战中使用以来，被寄予厚望的美军伞兵就必须满足严格的资格和训练要求。
airborne
1）表示“在飞行中的”，英文解释为“If an aircraft is airborne, it is in the air and flying.”如：The pilot did manage to get airborne.
这位飞行员的确使飞机升空了。
2）表示“空降的”，英文解释为“Airborne troops use parachutes to get into enemy territory.”举个🌰：
The allies landed thousands of airborne troops.
同盟国投下了成千上万的空降部队。
paratrooper
paratrooper /ˈpærətruːpə/ 表示“伞兵；空降兵”，英文解释为“a member of the paratroops”。
doctrine
doctrine /ˈdɒktrɪn/ 表示“（尤指政治或宗教的）信条，教义，学说”，英文解释为“a belief or set of beliefs, especially political or religious ones, that are taught and accepted by a particular group”。
Allied
注意首字母A是大写的，表示“（第二次世界大战期间）同盟国的”，英文解释为“relating to the Allies (= the countries that fought against Germany and the other Axis countries in the Second World War)”。
rigorous
表示“严格缜密的；谨慎的；细致的；彻底的”，英文解释为“A test, system, or procedure that is rigorous is very thorough and strict.”举个🌰：
The selection process is based on rigorous tests of competence and experience.
挑选过程是建立在对能力和经验严格缜密的考核的基础之上的。
qualification
表示“获得资格；合格；达到标准”，英文解释为“success in getting into a competition”举个🌰：
The win earned them qualification for the World Cup finals.
这场胜利让他们获得了参加世界杯决赛的资格。
U.S. Military Parachutists 美国伞兵
The term "paratrooper" has traditionally described a U.S. Army soldier or officer serving in an airborne unit. The Army's three sister services also have personnel trained and qualified in airborne operations, including Marine reconnaissance, Air Force pararescue and Navy SEAL units. Parachute-qualified personnel of all four U.S. military services are frequently trained at the U.S. Army's airborne school at Fort Benning, Georgia. In addition to paratroopers, the Army also offers parachute and airborne training to personnel in other career fields.
“伞兵”一词传统上是指在空降部队服役的美国陆军士兵或军官。陆军的三个姐妹军种也有受过训练并有资格从事空降行动的人员，包括海军陆战队侦察兵、空军伞兵援救和海豹突击队。美国所有四个军种有资格的跳伞人员经常在乔治亚州本宁堡（Fort Benning）的美国陆军空降学校接受训练。除了伞兵之外，陆军还为其他职业领域的人员提供跳伞和空降训练。
unit
熟词僻义，表示“班组；小队”，英文解释为“a group of people who work or live together, especially for a particular purpose”如：army/military/police units 陆军/军事/警察分队。
personnel
1）表示“人员”，英文解释为“The personnel of an organization are the people who work for it.”举个🌰：
There has been very little renewal of personnel in higher education.
高等教育事业中人员更新很少。
2）表示“人事部门”，英文解释为“Personnel is the department in a large company or organization that deals with employees, keeps their records, and helps with any problems they might have.”举个🌰：
Her first job was in personnel.
她的第一份工作是在人事部。
qualify
1）表示“（使）具有资格，（使）合格”，英文解释为“to successfully finish a training course so that you are able to do a job; to have or achieve the necessary skills, etc.”举个🌰：
She hopes to qualify (as a teacher) at the end of the year.
她希望在年底获得（教师）资格。
🎬电影《合伙人》（The Company Men）中的台词提到：只靠我的薪水我们不可能再成功申请房贷 We're not going to be able to qualify for another house on just my salary.
reconnaissance
reconnaissance /rɪˈkɒnɪsəns/ 表示“侦察”，英文解释为“the process of getting information about enemy forces or positions by sending out small groups of soldiers or by using aircraft, etc.”
Paratrooper Entrance Requirements 伞兵入伍要求
U.S. Army paratrooper training is on a volunteer basis only. Army personnel also have to achieve a minimum of 180 points on their physical fitness test (PFT), with at least 60 points each on the push-up, sit-up and 2-mile run individual events. Male and female volunteers for paratrooper training must meet the Army-wide 17- to 21-year-old performance standard. In the Army, you also must be less than 36 years old on the date you start your paratrooper training.
美国陆军伞兵训练只在自愿基础上进行。陆军人员还必须在体能测试（PFT）中达到至少180分，其中俯卧撑（push-up）、仰卧起坐（sit-up）和2英里跑个人项目至少各60分。参加伞兵训练的男性和女性志愿兵必须达到全军17至21岁的成绩标准。在陆军中，你在开始伞兵训练之日也必须小于36岁。
push-up & sit-up
push-up表示“俯卧撑”，英文解释为“a physical exercise in which you lie flat with your face towards the floor and try to push up your body with your arms while keeping your legs and your back straight”。
sit-up表示“仰卧起坐”，英文解释为“a type of exercise in which someone sits up from a lying position, designed to make the abdominal muscles stronger”。
-wide
表示“...范围内的；有关…全体的；遍及…的”，英文解释为“-wide combines with nouns to form adjectives that indicate that something exists or happens throughout the place or area that the noun refers to.”
Paratrooper Training Requirements 伞兵训练要求
The Army's basic paratrooper course lasts three weeks and is divided into ground, tower and jump weeks. A hopeful Army paratrooper's ground week is spent learning basic jump and landing procedures. Paratrooper training during the airborne course's tower week includes mastering group jump procedures and qualifying on the 250-foot controlled descent tower. Jump week at Army paratrooper training consists of five jumps from 1,250 feet in a C-130 or C-17 aircraft, with those successfully completing the course earning their silver basic parachutist wings.
陆军的基础伞兵课程持续三周，分为地面、塔台和跳伞三周。一个被寄予厚望的陆军伞兵的地面周是用来学习基本的跳伞和降落流程的。伞兵在空降课程的塔台周的训练包括掌握集体跳伞流程和获得250英尺控制下降塔台的资格。陆军伞兵训练的跳伞周包括在C-130或C-17飞机上从1250英尺高空进行五次跳伞，成功完成课程的人将获得银色的基础伞兵翅膀。
descent
表示“下降，下落；下沉”，英文解释为“a movement down”，举个🌰：
The plane began (to make) its final descent into the airport.
飞机开始（做）最终下降，准备在机场着陆。
📍descent作名词还有“血缘关系，家族关系；祖先；出身，血统”的意思，英文解释为“the state or fact of being related to a particular person or group of people who lived in the past”，如：of Asian descent 亚裔，举个🌰：
She's a woman of mixed/French descent. 她是一个混血/法裔女人。
📍还可以表示“不期而至，突然到达”，英文解释为“an occasion when a group of people arrive somewhere, usually suddenly or unexpectedly”，举个🌰：
We weren't prepared for the descent of thousands of journalists on the town.
我们没想到数千名记者会突然来到镇上。
parachutist
parachutist /ˈpærəʃuːtɪst/ 表示“跳伞运动员；伞兵”，英文解释为“someone who jumps out of an aircraft wearing a parachute on their back, especially as a sport or a military job”。
Army Paratrooper Pay 伞兵薪酬
Army uniformed personnel serving in jobs requiring parachutist or airborne qualification may earn additional monthly special pay for parachute duty. The Army pays its actual paratroopers hazardous duty pay of $150 per month for their jump duties. Army personnel serving in jobs requiring advanced parachutist skills such as HALO or "high altitude-low open" jumps from extreme heights are paid $225 monthly. Additionally, Army paratroopers must jump at least once every three months to receive hazardous duty pay on a continuous basis.
在需要跳伞员或空降兵资格的工作岗位上服役的陆军人员可以获得额外的每月跳伞任务特别津贴。陆军向其实际执行跳伞任务的伞兵支付每月150美元的危险任务津贴。担任需要高级跳伞员技能工作的陆军人员，如“高跳低开”（HALO）极限高度跳伞，每月支付225美元。此外，陆军伞兵必须每三个月至少跳一次，才能连续领取危险任务津贴。
hazardous
hazardous /ˈhæzədəs/ 表示“危险的，有害的”，英文解释为“dangerous”，如：a hazardous journey/occupation 危险的旅行/职业。
HALO
表示“高跳低开”，高跳低开在军事中，是特种部队执行敌后突击侦查任务常用的一种MFF军事自由空降方式。为了避开地面雷达和导弹的威胁，跳伞人员携带装备从15000英尺到35000英尺的高空空域跳出机舱，再下降到接近目标区域一定高度后才打开降落伞。
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