读博会改变人的性格吗？

LearnAndRecord 2022-07-26

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今天，微博上的话题#读博会不会改变人的性格#引发热议。

有人说，不会。因为性格是天生的，不易改变。你觉得呢？

无注释原文：

Scientists say you can change your personality

Science Daily

December 12, 2019

It has long been believed that people can't change their personalities, which are largely stable and inherited. But a review of recent research in personality science points to the possibility that personality traits can change through persistent intervention and major life events.

Personality traits, identified as neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness, can predict a wide range of important outcomes such as health, happiness and income. Because of this, these traits might represent an important target for policy interventions designed to improve human welfare.

The research, scheduled to be published in the December issue of American Psychologist, is the product of the Personality Change Consortium, an international group of researchers committed to advancing understanding of personality change. The consortium was initiated by Wiebke Bleidorn and Christopher Hopwood, University of California, Davis, professors of psychology who are also co-authors of the latest paper, "The Policy Relevance of Personality Traits." The paper has 13 other co-authors.

Policy change could be more effective

"In this paper, we present the case that traits can serve both as relatively stable predictors of success and actionable targets for policy changes and interventions," Bleidorn said.

"Parents, teachers, employers and others have been trying to change personality forever because of their implicit awareness that it is good to make people better people," Hopwood added.

But now, he said, strong evidence suggests that personality traits are broad enough to account for a wide range of socially important behaviors at levels that surpass known predictors, and that they can change, especially if you catch people at the right age and exert sustained effort. However, these traits also remain relatively stable; thus while they can change, they are not easy to change.

Resources are often invested in costly interventions that are unlikely to work because they are not informed by evidence about personality traits. "For that reason, it would be helpful for public policymakers to think more explicitly about what it takes to change personality to improve personal and public welfare, the costs and benefits of such interventions, and the resources needed to achieve the best outcomes by both being informed by evidence about personality traits and investing more sustained resources and attention toward better understanding personality change," researchers said.

Why focus on personality traits?

Research has found that a relatively small number of personality traits can account for most of the ways in which people differ from one another. Thus, they are related to a wide range of important life outcomes. These traits are also relatively stable, but changeable with effort and good timing. This combination -- broad and enduring, yet changeable -- makes them particularly promising targets for large-scale interventions. Both neuroticism and conscientiousness, for example, may represent good intervention targets in young adulthood. And certain interventions -- especially those that require persistence and long-term commitment -- may be more effective among conscientious, emotionally stable people. It is also important to consider motivational factors, as success is more likely if people are motivated and think change is feasible, researchers said.

Bleidorn and Hopwood said examples of important questions that could be more informed by personality science include: What is the long-term impact of social media and video games? How do we get children to be kinder and work harder at school? How do we help people acculturate to new environments? And, what is the best way to help people age with grace and dignity?

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注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

Scientists say you can change your personality

Science Daily

December 12, 2019

长期以来，人们一直认为，无法改变自己的性格，因为这些性格在很大程度上是稳定的、遗传的。但最近人格科学研究的一篇综述文章中指出，性格特质有可能通过持续干预和重大人生事件而改变。

inherit

1）表示“经遗传得到（父母的性格、外貌、品质、特征）”，英文解释为：to have the same character or appearance as your parents，举个🌰：

I inherited my mother's curly hair.

我遗传了母亲的鬈发。

2）表示“继承（财产）”，英文解释：If you inherit money or property, you receive it from someone who has died. 举个🌰：

He has no son to inherit his land.

他没有儿子来继承他的土地。

persistent

1）表示“持续的；存留的；顽强存在的”，英文解释为“lasting for a long time or difficult to get rid of”举个🌰：

Symptoms of the illness include a high temperature and a persistent dry cough.

病症包括高烧和持久的干咳。

2）表示“坚持不懈的；执意的”，英文解释为“Someone who is persistent continues doing something or tries to do something in a determined but often unreasonable way.”举个🌰：

Be persistent - don't give up.

要坚持不懈——别放弃。

intervention

表示“干涉，介入”，英文解释为“Intervention is the act of intervening in a situation.”

性格特质，分为神经质（neuroticism）、外向性（extraversion）、经验开放性（Openness to experience）、亲和性（agreeableness）和尽责性（conscientiousness），能够预测一系列重要的结果，如健康、幸福和收入。正因为如此，这些特质可能代表了旨在改善人类福祉的政策干预的一个重要目标。

trait

表示“特征，特性，品质”，英文解释为“a particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behaviour”举个🌰：

His sense of humour is one of his better traits.

具有幽默感是他更讨人喜欢的特点之一。

五大性格特质

大五人格理论中的五种性格特点（Big Five personality traits）：

· 宜人性/亲和性（agreeableness）是：具有信任、利他、直率、依从、谦虚、移情等特质。

· 开放性/经验开放性（openness/openness to experience）：具有想象、审美、情感丰富、求异、创造、智能等特质。

· 责任心/尽责性（conscientiousness）：显示胜任、公正、条理、尽职、成就、自律、谨慎、克制等特点。

· 外倾性/外向性（extraversion）：表现出热情、社交、果断、活跃、冒险、乐观等特质。

· 神经质（neuroticism）：具有平衡焦虑、敌对、压抑、自我意识、冲动、脆弱等情绪的特质，即具有保持情绪稳定的能力。(百度百科)

📍想知道自己是属于什么样的性格特质？扫描下方二维码进行测试。

The research, scheduled to be published in the December issue of American Psychologist, is the product of the Personality Change Consortium, an international group of researchers committed to advancing understanding of personality change. The consortium was initiated by Wiebke Bleidorn and Christopher Hopwood, University of California, Davis, professors of psychology who are also co-authors of the latest paper, "The Policy Relevance of Personality Traits." The paper has 13 other co-authors.

这项预计发表在《美国心理学家》（American Psychologist）杂志12月刊上的研究出自性格变化联盟（Personality Change Consortium）。该联盟是一个致力于推进对了解性格变化的国际研究小组，由加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校（University of California, Davis）的心理学教授韦伯克·布莱多恩（Wiebke Bleidorn）和克里斯托弗·霍普伍德（Christopher Hopwood）发起，他们也是最新论文《性格特征的政策相关性》（The Policy Relevance of Personality Traits）的共同作者。该论文还有其他13位共同作者。

schedule

表示“为…安排时间；安排，排定”，英文解释为“to arrange that an event or activity will happen at a particular time”举个🌰：

The flight is scheduled to arrive at 10:20, but it's running 15 minutes late.

航班预定于10:20到达，但要晚点15分钟。

consortium

consortium /kənˈsɔːtɪəm/ 表示“（数家公司或银行联合组成的）联营企业；财团，银团；联盟”，英文解释为“A consortium is a group of people or firms who have agreed to cooperate with each other.”

◉ Policy change could be more effective 政策改变可能更有效

"In this paper, we present the case that traits can serve both as relatively stable predictors of success and actionable targets for policy changes and interventions," Bleidorn said.

布莱多恩说：“在这篇论文中，我们给出的实例是，性格特质既可以作为相对稳定的成功预测因素，也可以作为政策变化和干预的可操作目标。”

"Parents, teachers, employers and others have been trying to change personality forever because of their implicit awareness that it is good to make people better people," Hopwood added.

霍普伍德补充说：“父母、教师、雇主等一直在试图永久性地改变（他人）性格，因为他们隐约意识到，让人们成为更好的人是好事。”

但是现在，他说，强有力的证据表明，性格特质的范围很广，足以解释一系列重要的社会行为，其水平超过了已知的预测因素。此外，性格特质可以改变，尤其是你在某个人处于恰当的年龄，持续对其施加影响时。然而，这些特质也保持相对稳定；因此，虽然它们可以改变，但不容易改变。

surpass

surpass表示“优于；超过”，英文解释为“If one person or thing surpasses another, the first is better than, or has more of a particular quality than, the second.”举个🌰：

He was determined to surpass the achievements of his older brothers.

他决心超过他的几位哥哥的成就。

exert

exert /ɪɡˈzɜːt/ 表示“运用；行使（权威、权力等）；施加（影响等）”，英文解释为“to use something such as authority, power, influence, etc. in order to make something happen”举个🌰：

If you were to exert your influence they might change their decision.

如果你能施加你的影响，他们或许会改变决定。

sustained

1）表示“持续的，持久的”，英文解释为“continuing for a long time”举个🌰：

His speech was greeted by sustained applause.

他的演讲博得了经久不息的掌声。

2）表示“坚定的，坚持不懈的”（determined），2020年政府工作报告中的例句：持续打造市场化、法治化、国际化营商环境 make sustained efforts to create a market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized business environment.

Resources are often invested in costly interventions that are unlikely to work because they are not informed by evidence about personality traits. "For that reason, it would be helpful for public policymakers to think more explicitly about what it takes to change personality to improve personal and public welfare, the costs and benefits of such interventions, and the resources needed to achieve the best outcomes by both being informed by evidence about personality traits and investing more sustained resources and attention toward better understanding personality change," researchers said.

因为没有考虑关于性格特质的证据，资源往往被投入到代价高昂而不太可能奏效的干预措施中。研究人员说：“出于这个原因，公共政策制定者应该更明确地思考改变人们性格以改善个人和公众福祉的方法。通过了解有关性格特质的证据，并持续投入更多资源和关注以更好认识性格变化，进而实现资源的最大化利用。”

inform

常见意思表示“通知，告知”，此外还有几个不那么熟悉的意思：

1）表示“了解；熟悉”，英文解释为“to find out information about sth”举个🌰：

We need time to inform ourselves thoroughly of the problem.

我们需要时间对这个问题有个透彻的了解。

2）表示“对…有影响；影响着...；弥漫（思想或品质等）”，英文解释为“To have an influence on sth；If a situation or activity is informed by an idea or a quality, that idea or quality is very noticeable in it.”举个🌰：

Religion informs every aspect of their lives.

宗教影响着他们生活的各个方面。

All great songs are informed by a certain sadness and tension.

所有动听的歌曲无不弥漫着某种伤感和紧绷感。

📍此前在六级翻译四大名著三缺一文中提到，These four novels form the core of Chinese classical literature and still inform modern culture. 这四部小说构成了中国古典文学的核心，至今仍在影响着现代文化。

◉ Why focus on personality traits? 为什么要关注性格特质？

研究发现，有一小部分性格特质可以解释人与人之间的大部分差异。因此，它们与一系列的重要生活成果有关。这些特质也相对稳定，但通过努力和良好的时机是可以改变的。

This combination -- broad and enduring, yet changeable -- makes them particularly promising targets for large-scale interventions. Both neuroticism and conscientiousness, for example, may represent good intervention targets in young adulthood. And certain interventions -- especially those that require persistence and long-term commitment -- may be more effective among conscientious, emotionally stable people. It is also important to consider motivational factors, as success is more likely if people are motivated and think change is feasible, researchers said.

这种组合--广泛和持久，但又可改变--使它们成为大规模干预的特别有希望的目标。例如，神经质（neuroticism）和尽责性（conscientiousness）都可能代表年轻时的良好干预目标。而某些干预措施--特别是那些需要坚持和长期投入的干预措施--在尽责的、情绪稳定的人中可能更有效。研究人员说，考虑动机因素也很重要，因为如果人们有动机并且认为改变是可行的，就更有可能取得成功。

enduring

表示“持久的；持续的”，英文解释为“existing for a long time”如：the enduring appeal of ... 经久不衰的魅力。

Bleidorn and Hopwood said examples of important questions that could be more informed by personality science include: What is the long-term impact of social media and video games? How do we get children to be kinder and work harder at school? How do we help people acculturate to new environments? And, what is the best way to help people age with grace and dignity?

布莱多恩和霍普伍德说，可以从人格科学中获得更多认识的重要问题的例子包括：社交媒体和电子游戏的长期影响是什么？我们如何让孩子们在学校里变得更善良、更努力？我们如何帮助人们适应新环境？还有，帮助人们优雅而有尊严地老去的最佳方法是什么？

acculturate

表示“（使）适应新的文化习俗；（使）受同化”，英文解释为“to change so that you become more like people from a different culture, or to make someone change in this way”举个🌰：

How did Hispanics acculturate to life in America?

拉美人是如何适应美国的生活的？

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