研究生的压力有多大？
今天又是一个沉重的话题。相信那封信大家都看到了，网上找到一位“感同身受”的国外网友将其译为了英文，搬运如下：
R.I.P.
你最近有什么烦心事，想吐槽的，想鼓励的，留言区里说出来和大家聊聊吧！
无注释原文：
Mental health has long been a challenge for grad students. COVID-19 has made it harder.
INQUIRER
Although COVID-19 has caused mental health to deteriorate across all age groups in the United States, young people have felt the symptoms most keenly. Graduate students, who already experience rates of anxiety and depression six times greater than the general population, are coping with a shrinking job market and huge changes to their workplaces as a result of the pandemic, leading some to call for a systemic change in how mental health is addressed in academia.
Even before the pandemic began, there was mounting evidence that mental health among graduate students was a problem. The University of Pennsylvania has seen 14 student suicides over the last six years — five of them have been graduate students.
Last November, Nature surveyed more than 6,300 early-career researchers from around the world and found that 36% of participants had sought help for anxiety or depression caused by their Ph.D. studies. In 2018, a Harvard University study found that one in 10 doctoral students in economics programs thought about suicide over a two-week period. A Duke University study, also published in 2018, reported that half of biomedical doctoral students met the threshold for at least one clinical diagnosis of a mental health condition in the last year, but less than half of those students sought out professional help.
Eliminating the stigma surrounding mental health issues in academia was one of the reasons why Susanna Harris created PhD Balance, an online space where graduate students can share candidly about their struggles. Harris struggled with depression and anxiety while she was a doctoral student in microbiology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and knew how isolating the experience could be.
“Undergrads go through really intense periods of stress, but graduate students have that feeling all year round. And there's survivor bias from the people managing us — this idea of ‘I did it, so you can do it.’ If we step back from that, it's no surprise that people are falling apart.”said Harris, who graduated in May.
Graduate students of color are at particular risk, said Tania Czarnecki, the executive director of counseling at Drexel University’s Office of Counseling and Health Services. While they can be most affected by issues like “imposter” syndrome, where students fear they’ll be outed as frauds, they are the least likely to ask for help.
Czarnecki said that after the counseling center transitioned to telehealth services in March, there’s been a more concerted effort to make sure graduate students know what resources are available.
“I’m wondering if this opens up a whole new range of possibilities,” she said. “Before, it was a challenge for many of them to make the time to go to the counseling center amidst having to be in lab or class.”(节选)
- ◆ -
注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
Mental health has long been a challenge for grad students. COVID-19 has made it harder.
INQUIRER
Although COVID-19 has caused mental health to deteriorate across all age groups in the United States, young people have felt the symptoms most keenly. Graduate students, who already experience rates of anxiety and depression six times greater than the general population, are coping with a shrinking job market and huge changes to their workplaces as a result of the pandemic, leading some to call for a systemic change in how mental health is addressed in academia.
虽然COVID-19使得美国各年龄段人群的心理健康状况都在恶化，但年轻人群体尤为强烈。研究生的焦虑症和抑郁症发病率已经是普通人的六倍，他们正在应对因疫情导致的就业市场萎缩和工作场所巨变，这使得一些人呼吁呼吁系统性地改变解决学术圈中心理健康问题的方式。
deteriorate
作动词，表示“恶化”，英文解释为“If something deteriorates, it becomes worse in some way.”举个🌰：
She was taken into hospital last week when her condition suddenly deteriorated.
她是在上周病情突然恶化时被送进医院的。
keenly
表示“敏锐地；强烈地；锐利地”，类似于strongly/extremely，举个🌰：
They are keenly aware that this will be their last chance to succeed.
他们深知，这将是他们最后的成功机会。
shrink
作动词，表示“（使）缩小，（使）变小”，英文解释为“to become smaller, or to make something smaller”举个🌰：
The productivity improvements have shrunk our costs by 25 percent.
生产率的提高使我们的成本下降了25%。
Even before the pandemic began, there was mounting evidence that mental health among graduate students was a problem. The University of Pennsylvania has seen 14 student suicides over the last six years — five of them have been graduate students.
甚至在疫情开始之前，就有越来越多的证据表明，研究生的心理健康是一个问题。宾夕法尼亚大学在过去6年里发生了14起学生自杀事件--其中5起是研究生。
mounting
表示“上升的；增长的”，英文解释为“increasing, often in a manner that causes or expresses anxiety”举个🌰：
There is mounting evidence of serious effects on people's health.
有越来越多的证据表明对人的健康有严重影响。
📺美剧《美国恐怖故事》（American Horror Story）中的台词提到：But there's mounting evidence that this man is a war criminal. 但是有大量的证据显示这人是个战犯。
Last November, Nature surveyed more than 6,300 early-career researchers from around the world and found that 36% of participants had sought help for anxiety or depression caused by their Ph.D. studies. In 2018, a Harvard University study found that one in 10 doctoral students in economics programs thought about suicide over a two-week period. A Duke University study, also published in 2018, reported that half of biomedical doctoral students met the threshold for at least one clinical diagnosis of a mental health condition in the last year, but less than half of those students sought out professional help.
去年11月，《自然（Nature）》杂志对全球6300多名年轻的研究人员进行了调查，发现36%的参与者曾因博士学习引起的焦虑或抑郁而寻求帮助。2018年，哈佛大学（Harvard University）的一项研究发现，每10名经济学专业的博士生中，就有一人在两周内想过自杀。杜克大学（Duke University）的一项研究（也发表在2018年）指出，上一年度，半数生物医学博士生的心理健康状况的临床诊断中至少有一次达到了阈值，但其中只有不到一半的学生寻求专业帮助。
threshold
表示“界限; 临界点”，英文解释为“A threshold is an amount, level, or limit on a scale. When the threshold is reached, something else happens or changes.”举个🌰：
He has a high threshold for pain and a history of fast healing.
他的忍痛力很强，而且有迅速愈合的经历。
Eliminating the stigma surrounding mental health issues in academia was one of the reasons why Susanna Harris created PhD Balance, an online space where graduate students can share candidly about their struggles. Harris struggled with depression and anxiety while she was a doctoral student in microbiology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and knew how isolating the experience could be.
消除学术界围绕心理健康问题的耻辱感是苏珊娜·哈里斯（Susanna Harris）创建“博士生平衡”（PhD Balance）的原因之一，这是一个在线空间，研究生可以坦率地分享他们的困难。哈里斯在北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校（University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill）微生物学专业读博时，曾与抑郁症和焦虑症作斗争，她知道这种经历是多么孤立。
eliminate
1）表示“排除；清除；消除”，英文解释为“to remove or get rid of sth/sb”举个🌰：
Credit cards eliminate the need to carry a lot of cash.
有了信用卡就用不着携带很多现金。
2）表示“（比赛中）淘汰”，英文解释为“to defeat a person or a team so that they no longer take part in a competition, etc.”举个🌰：
All the teams were eliminated in the early stages of the competition.
所有队伍在比赛初期就被淘汰了。
3）表示“消灭，干掉（尤指敌人或对手）”，英文解释为“to kill sb, especially an enemy or opponent”。
stigma
表示“耻辱；（尤指不公正的）恶名”，英文解释为“a strong feeling of disapproval that most people in a society have about something, especially when this is unfair”举个🌰：
There is no longer any stigma to being divorced.
离婚不再是什么耻辱的事了。
candidly
表示“坦白地；率直地；直率而诚恳地”，英文解释为“in a way that is honest and true, especially about something difficult or painful”举个🌰：
I find she is easy to speak to candidly.
我发现她很容易与人坦诚交流。
“Undergrads go through really intense periods of stress, but graduate students have that feeling all year round. And there's survivor bias from the people managing us — this idea of ‘I did it, so you can do it.’ If we step back from that, it's no surprise that people are falling apart.”said Harris, who graduated in May.
“本科生会经历非常紧张的时期，但研究生一年到头都有这种感觉。而且管理我们的人会有幸存者偏差--会有种‘我做到了，所以你也能做到’的想法。如果我们退一步说，人们崩溃也就不足为奇了。”5月毕业的哈里斯说。
survivor bias
表示“幸存者偏差”，一般是说survivorship bias或survival bias，英文解释为“It is the logical error of concentrating on the people or things that made it past some selection process and overlooking those that did not, typically because of their lack of visibility. This can lead to false conclusions in several different ways. It is a form of selection bias.”
📍指的是过度关注“幸存了某些经历”的人事物，忽略那些没有幸存的（可能因为无法观察到），造成错误的结论。
step back
表示“退一步（考虑问题），跳出原来的圈子（看问题）”，英文解释为“to temporarily stop being involved in an activity or situation in order to think about it in a new way”举个🌰：
Let's just step back from the problem and think about what we could do.
我们暂时从问题中抽身出来，想想看我们能做什么。
fall apart
1）修饰事物时，可以表示“（事物）破碎；（组织或系统）瓦解”（If an organization, system, or agreement falls apart, it fails or stops working effectively.），举个🌰：
The work was never finished and bit by bit the building fell apart.
这项工程从来没有完工，该建筑一点一点地坍塌了。
Europe's monetary system is falling apart.
欧洲的货币体制正在瓦解。
2）修饰人时，表示“（感情）崩溃，垮掉；精神崩溃”（to experience serious emotional problems that make you unable to think or act in the usual way），举个🌰：
I was falling apart. I wasn't getting any sleep.
我要崩溃了。我根本睡不着觉。
📺美剧《绝望的主妇》（Desperate Housewives）中的台词提到：Lynette, my life is about to fall apart. 勒奈特 我的人生就这样垮了。
Graduate students of color are at particular risk, said Tania Czarnecki, the executive director of counseling at Drexel University's Office of Counseling and Health Services. While they can be most affected by issues like “imposter” syndrome, where students fear they'll be outed as frauds, they are the least likely to ask for help.
德雷克塞尔大学咨询和健康服务办公室的咨询执行主任塔尼亚·查纳内奇（Tania Czarnecki）说，有色人种研究生的风险特别大。虽然他们可能受“冒充者”综合征等问题的影响最大，学生们担心自己会被认为是骗子，而他们最不会向外寻求帮助。
imposter syndrome
imposter一词在山东“苟晶事件”调查结果公布文中学过，表示“假冒者；冒名顶替者；冒名行骗者”（Someone who is an impostor is dishonestly pretending to be someone else in order to gain an advantage.）
📍区分imposter/impostor：含义一样，从Google Ngram Viewer来看，两个用法都有，不过impostor的说法会更多一些。The chart below shows the relative use of imposter vs. impostor in English books since 1800. As you can see, both forms of the word have been part of English since at least 1800:
📍那么imposter syndrome “冒充者”综合征是什么意思呢？
It is a psychological pattern in which an individual doubts their skills, talents or accomplishments and has a persistent internalized fear of being exposed as a "fraud".
又称作冒名顶替症候群、自我能力否定倾向，用以指称出现在成功人士身上的一种现象。患有冒名顶替症候群的人无法将自己的成功归因于自己的能力，并总是担心有朝一日会被他人识破自己其实是骗子这件事。他们坚信自己的成功并非源于自己的努力或能力，而是凭借著运气、良好的时机，或别人误以为他们能力很强、很聪明，才导致他们的成功。
Czarnecki said that after the counseling center transitioned to telehealth services in March, there's been a more concerted effort to make sure graduate students know what resources are available.
查纳内奇说，咨询中心在3月份过渡到远程医疗服务（telehealth services）后，我们共同做了更多的努力，以确保研究生知道什么资源可用。
concerted
表示“努力的；共同筹划决定的；同心协力的”，英文解释为“done in a planned and determined way, especially by more than one person, government, country, etc.”举个🌰：
There has been a concerted campaign against the proposals.
人们一致行动反对这些提议。
“I'm wondering if this opens up a whole new range of possibilities,” she said. “Before, it was a challenge for many of them to make the time to go to the counseling center amidst having to be in lab or class.”(节选)
她说：“我想知道这是否会带来全新的可能性。” “在此之前，对于许多人来说，必须到实验室或上课的时候，抽出时间去咨询中心是一个挑战。”
make the time
等同于make time，表示“腾出时间；抽空；争取时间”，英文解释为“to make certain you have some time when you are not busy in order to do something you think you should do”举个🌰：
In a relationship you have to make time for each other.
恋爱中的男女必须为彼此挤出些时间。
🎬电影《妙笔生花》（The Words）中的台词提到：So nice that you could make time for our little award. 很感谢你在百忙之中来参加颁奖典礼。
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