家暴不是家务事是违法行为
近日，陕西一男子家暴妻子的视频监控被曝光，家暴相关话题再次引发热议。
无注释原文：
A New Covid-19 Crisis: Domestic Abuse Rises Worldwide
The New York Times
14 Apr 2020
Add another public health crisis to the toll of the new coronavirus: Mounting data suggests that domestic abuse is acting like an opportunistic infection, flourishing in the conditions created by the pandemic.
There was every reason to believe that the restrictions imposed to keep the virus from spreading would have such an effect, said Marianne Hester, a Bristol University sociologist who studies abusive relationships. Domestic violence goes up whenever families spend more time together, such as the Christmas and summer vacations, she said.
Now, with families in lockdown worldwide, hotlines are lighting up with abuse reports, leaving governments trying to address a crisis that experts say they should have seen coming.
The United Nations called on Sunday for urgent action to combat the worldwide surge in domestic violence. “I urge all governments to put women’s safety first as they respond to the pandemic,” Secretary General António Guterres wrote on Twitter.
But governments largely failed to prepare for the way the new public health measures would create opportunities for abusers to terrorize their victims. Now, many are scrambling to offer services to those at risk.
But, as with the response to the virus itself, the delays mean that irreparable harm may already have occurred.
Lockdown and ‘Intimate Terrorism’
As cities and towns across China locked down, a 26-year-old woman named Lele found herself entangled in more and more arguments with her husband, with whom she now had to spend every hour in their home in Anhui Province, in eastern China.
On March 1, while Lele was holding her 11-month-old daughter, her husband began to beat her with a high chair. She is not sure how many times he hit her. Eventually, she says, one of her legs lost feeling and she fell to the ground, still holding the baby in her arms.
A photograph she took after the incident shows the high chair lying on the floor in pieces, two of its metal legs snapped off — evidence of the force with which her husband wielded it against her. Another image documents Lele’s injuries: Nearly every inch of her lower legs was covered in bruises, a huge hematoma blooming on her left calf.
Lele — her full name is not being used for her safety — said that her husband had abused her throughout their six-year relationship, but that the Covid-19 outbreak made things far worse.
“During the epidemic, we were unable to go outside, and our conflicts just grew bigger and bigger and more and more frequent,” she said. “Everything was exposed.”
As quarantines take effect around the world, that kind of “intimate terrorism” — a term many experts prefer for domestic violence — is flourishing.
Eventually, the lockdowns will end. But as the confinement drags on, the danger seems likely to intensify. Studies show that abusers are more likely to murder their partners and others in the wake of personal crises, including lost jobs or major financial setbacks.
With Covid-19 ravaging the economy, such crises are set to become much more frequent.
- ◆ -
注：中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考
含注释全文：
A New Covid-19 Crisis: Domestic Abuse Rises Worldwide
疫情中的“亲密恐怖主义”：全球家暴事件激增
The New York Times
14 Apr 2020
Add another public health crisis to the toll of the new coronavirus: Mounting data suggests that domestic abuse is acting like an opportunistic infection, flourishing in the conditions created by the pandemic.
另一场公共健康危机也该归为新型疫情造成的损失：越来越多的数据表明，家庭暴力如同一种伺机性感染，正在大流行造成的环境中迅速蔓延。
toll
1）表示“伤亡；损失；破坏”，英文解释为“suffering, deaths, or damage”，一般指“（死亡、事故或灾难的）总数”举个🌰：
Independent sources say that the death toll from the earthquake runs into thousands.
独立消息人士称地震中的伤亡人数达到数千人。
2）表示“(道路或桥梁）收费；通行费”，英文解释为“A toll road or toll bridge is a road or bridge that you have to pay to use.”举个🌰：
Most people who drive the toll roads don't use them every day.
大部分开车上收费公路的人不是每天都走公路。
Prepaid tolls only/ Pay toll
mounting
表示“增加的；加剧的”，英文解释为“gradually increasing”如：mounting anxiety/excitement 不断增长的焦虑/兴奋。
📺美剧《美国恐怖故事》（American Horror Story）中的台词提到：But there's mounting evidence that this man is a war criminal. 但是有大量的证据显示这人是个战犯。
opportunistic infection
表示“机会性感染（细菌或病毒引起的感染，对健康人一般无害，但会影响自然防御感染能力受损的人）”，英文解释为“an infection caused by bacteria or a virus that is not harmful to a healthy person but harms a person whose body's natural defence against infection is damaged”.
flourish
表示“茁壮成长；繁荣；蓬勃发展”，英文解释为“to grow or develop successfully”举个🌰：
My tomatoes are flourishing this summer - it must be the warm weather.
今年夏天我的西红柿长势很好——这一定是天气暖和的原因。
There was every reason to believe that the restrictions imposed to keep the virus from spreading would have such an effect, said Marianne Hester, a Bristol University sociologist who studies abusive relationships. Domestic violence goes up whenever families spend more time together, such as the Christmas and summer vacations, she said.
布里斯托尔大学（Bristol University）研究虐待关系的社会学家玛丽安·赫斯特（Marianne Hester）说，完全有理由相信，为防止病毒传播而实施的限制措施会产生这样的效果。她指出，每当家庭成员在一起的时间变多，比如圣诞节和暑假时，家暴就一定会增加。
impose
表示“推行；强制实行”，英文解释为“to officially force a rule, tax, punishment, etc. to be obeyed or received”举个🌰：
Very high taxes have recently been imposed on cigarettes.
最近对香烟开征很高的税。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇分析拜登贸易政策的文章中提到：The other matter is what Mr Biden will do with the tariffs imposed by Mr Trump. 另一件事是拜登将如何处理特朗普实施的关税。
abusive
1）表示“恶毒残暴的”，英文解释为“Someone who is abusive behaves in a cruel and violent way toward other people.”举个🌰：
He became violent and abusive toward his mother.
他对待他妈妈变得粗暴而又残酷。
2）表示“侮辱的”，英文解释为“Abusive language is extremely rude and insulting.”举个🌰：
I did not use any foul or abusive language. 我没有使用过任何粗话或侮辱性的语言。
Now, with families in lockdown worldwide, hotlines are lighting up with abuse reports, leaving governments trying to address a crisis that experts say they should have seen coming.
现在，全世界的家庭都陷入了封锁，报告家暴的热线电话连连响起，让各国政府不得不努力应对一场专家认为本应预见到的危机。
lockdown
表示“活动（或行动）限制”，英文解释为“a situation in which restrictions are placed on sb's movements or actions”举个🌰：
Prisoners have been placed on lockdown to prevent further violence at the jail.
已对囚犯实行活动限制，以免狱中再出现暴力行为。
📍柯林斯词典2020年度词汇就是Lockdown. 柯林斯官方给出的释义为：the imposition of stringent restrictions on travel, social interaction, and access to public spaces. 指的是对出行、社交和进入公共场所实行严格限制。一般就译为“封锁”。
The United Nations called on Sunday for urgent action to combat the worldwide surge in domestic violence. “I urge all governments to put women's safety first as they respond to the pandemic,” Secretary General António Guterres wrote on Twitter.
联合国周日呼吁采取紧急措施，打击世界范围内激增的家暴行为。“我敦促各国政府在应对大流行的同时，把女性的安全放在首位，”秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯（António Guterres）在Twitter上写道。
urgent
表示“紧急的，急迫的”，英文解释为“needing attention very soon, especially before anything else, because important”举个🌰：
The most urgent thing in a fire is to make sure everyone is out of the building.
失火时最紧要的事是确保所有人都撤离大楼。
surge
1）作动词，表示“急剧上升；飞涨；剧增”，英文解释为“If something surges, it increases suddenly and greatly, after being steady or developing only slowly.”举个🌰：
The company's profits have surged.
公司的利润激增。
2）作名词，表示“剧增”，英文解释为“A surge is a sudden large increase in something that has previously been steady, or has only increased or developed slowly.”举个🌰：
An unexpected surge in electrical power caused the computer to crash.
突然出现的电压剧增导致电脑死机。
🎬电影《雷神2：黑暗世界》（Thor: The Dark World）中的台词提到：But she will not survive the amount of energy surging within her. 但她体内涌动的能量太大 她撑不住的。
urge
表示“敦促；驱策；力劝”，英文解释为“to strongly advise or try to persuade someone to do a particular thing”举个🌰：
Lawyers will urge the parents to take further legal action.
律师们会力劝家长们采取进一步的法律行动。
But governments largely failed to prepare for the way the new public health measures would create opportunities for abusers to terrorize their victims. Now, many are scrambling to offer services to those at risk.
但是，各国政府基本没有准备好应对新的公共卫生措施将会带来的影响，即一个为施虐者恐吓受害者制造机会的环境。现在，他们中的许多正在仓促行动，为那些身处险境的人提供救助。
terrorize
terrorize /ˈter.ə.raɪz/ 表示“恐吓，威胁；使惊恐不安”，英文解释为“to make someone feel very frightened by threatening to kill or hurt them”举个🌰：
Street gangs have been terrorizing the neighbourhood.
一直以来，街头流氓团伙闹得四邻不安。
scramble
1）表示“仓促行动”，英文解释为“If you scramble to a different place or position, you move there in a hurried, awkward way.”举个🌰：
He threw back the covers and scrambled out of bed.
他掀开被子，急忙下了床。
2）表示“争夺”，英文解释为“If a number of people scramble for something, they compete energetically with each other for it.”举个🌰：
More than three million fans are expected to scramble for tickets.
预计会有三百万以上的歌迷抢购门票。
📍此前在《刘德华演唱会中途取消 向现场观众含泪鞠躬道歉》一文中就有出现相关表达：Fans could only scramble for the highly sought-after tickets via online and mobile platforms, ... 粉丝们只能通过在线和移动平台争相抢购备受追捧的门票。
3）表示“攀爬”，英文解释为“If you scramble over rocks or up a hill, you move quickly over them or up it using your hands to help you.”举个🌰：
Tourists were scrambling over the rocks looking for the perfect camera angle.
旅行者们爬上岩石，寻找最完美的拍摄角度。
4）表示“炒 (蛋)”，英文解释为“If you scramble eggs, you break them, mix them together and then cook them in butter.”举个🌰：
Make the toast and scramble the eggs.
烤面包，炒鸡蛋。
But, as with the response to the virus itself, the delays mean that irreparable harm may already have occurred.
然而，正如对病毒本身的应对一样，这种延误意味着，无法挽回的伤害可能已经发生。
irreparable
表示“不能修复的，无可挽救的”，英文解释为“impossible to repair or make right again”举个🌰：
Unless the oil spill is contained, irreparable damage will be done to the coastline.
除非石油泄漏被控制住，否则会对海岸线造成无可补救的破坏。
Lockdown and ‘Intimate Terrorism’封锁和“亲密恐怖主义”
intimate
表示“亲密的；有性关系的；宜于密切关系的”，英文解释为“having, or being likely to cause, a very close friendship or personal or sexual relationship”如：intimate relationships 亲密关系，举个🌰：
The restaurant has a very intimate atmosphere.
这家餐厅的氛围很怡人。
As cities and towns across China locked down, a 26-year-old woman named Lele found herself entangled in more and more arguments with her husband, with whom she now had to spend every hour in their home in Anhui Province, in eastern China.
随着中国各地城镇进入封锁，一位名叫乐乐（Lele）的26岁女子发现，自己越来越多地陷入和丈夫争吵中，但又不得不跟他在中国东部安徽省的家中共度每分每秒。
entangled in/with
表示“卷入；陷入；与…发生纠葛”，英文解释为“involved with something or someone in a way that makes it difficult to escape”举个🌰：
She seems to be romantically entangled with some artist.
她似乎和一位艺术家陷入了情感纠葛中。
On March 1, while Lele was holding her 11-month-old daughter, her husband began to beat her with a high chair. She is not sure how many times he hit her. Eventually, she says, one of her legs lost feeling and she fell to the ground, still holding the baby in her arms.
3月1日，当乐乐还抱着她11个月大的女儿时，丈夫开始用一把高脚椅殴打她。她不确定他打了她多少下。她说，最终她的一只脚失去知觉，她倒在地上，但手里仍然抱着孩子。
A photograph she took after the incident shows the high chair lying on the floor in pieces, two of its metal legs snapped off — evidence of the force with which her husband wielded it against her. Another image documents Lele's injuries: Nearly every inch of her lower legs was covered in bruises, a huge hematoma blooming on her left calf.
她在事后拍下的一张照片显示，那把高脚椅四分五裂地散落在地上，两条金属腿都断了——这正是她丈夫用力将这把椅子挥向她的证据。另一张照片记录下了乐乐的伤痕：她小腿布满了淤青，左腿腿肚子上出现了一块巨大的血肿。
snap
表示“突然折断，咔嚓一声折断”，英文解释为“to cause something that is thin to break suddenly and quickly with a cracking sound”举个🌰：
Some vandal's snapped off my car aerial again.
某个蓄意作恶的家伙又把我的汽车天线折断了。
wield
wield /wiːld/ 1）表示“拥有，运用，行使，支配（权力等）”，英文解释为“to have and use power, authority, etc.”举个🌰：
He wields little power at the company.
他在公司内没有什么权力。
2）表示“挥，操，使用（武器、工具等）”，英文解释为“to hold sth, ready to use it as a weapon or tool”举个🌰：
He was wielding a large knife.
他挥舞着一把大刀。
🎬电影《灵魂战车2：复仇时刻》（Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance）中的台词提到：can wield the power, without burning itself up. 可以支配力量 但不伤及自身。
🎬电影《神奇女侠》（Wonder Woman）中的台词提到：Who would wield it? 谁能够使用呢/谁会挥舞它呢？
🎬电影《诸神之战》（Clash of the Titans）中的台词提到：You vowed to your wife you'd never let Helius wield a sword. 你曾对你的妻子发誓 你永远不会让赫利俄斯使用武器。
document
作动词，表示“记录，记载”，英文解释为“to record the details of an event, a process, etc.”举个🌰：
His interest in cars has been well-documented (= recorded and written about) by the media.
他对汽车的兴趣在媒体的报道中都有详细的记载。
bruise
1）作名词，表示“瘀伤”，英文解释为“A bruise is an injury that appears as a purple mark on your body, although the skin is not broken.”举个🌰：
How did you get that bruise on your cheek?
你脸颊上怎么有一块瘀伤？
2）作动词，表示“使受瘀伤；受瘀伤”，英文解释为“If you bruise a part of your body, a bruise appears on it, for example, because something hits you. If you bruise easily, bruises appear when something hits you only slightly.”举个🌰：
I had only bruised my knee.
我只是膝盖受了瘀伤。
hematoma
hematoma /ˌhiː.məˈtoʊ.mə/ 表示“血肿”，英文解释为“a thick mass of blood anywhere in the body resulting from an injury or blood disorder”举个🌰：
Bruises are hematomas.
瘀伤是血肿。
calf
calf /kæf/ 表示“腓；腿肚子”，英文解释为“the thick curved part at the back of the human leg between the knee and the foot”举个🌰：
She's been unable to play since January because of a torn calf muscle.
因为小腿肚肌肉拉伤，她从一月份以来就无法上场。
Lele — her full name is not being used for her safety — said that her husband had abused her throughout their six-year relationship, but that the Covid-19 outbreak made things far worse.
在六年的相处中，乐乐——为安全考虑未使用其全名——说丈夫一直虐待她，但是疫情暴发使情况变得更糟。
“During the epidemic, we were unable to go outside, and our conflicts just grew bigger and bigger and more and more frequent,” she said. “Everything was exposed.”
“疫情期间我们不能出门，我们之间的冲突越来越大，越来越频繁，”她说。“一切都暴露出来。”
As quarantines take effect around the world, that kind of “intimate terrorism” — a term many experts prefer for domestic violence — is flourishing.
随着隔离措施在世界各地生效，这种“亲密恐怖主义”——许多专家更喜欢用这个词来形容家庭暴力——正在大行其道。
quarantine
剑桥词典2020年度词汇：quarantine /ˈkwɒrənˌtiːn/.
1）作名词，表示“隔离，检疫”，英文解释为“If a person or animal is in quarantine, they are being kept separate from other people or animals for a set period of time, usually because they have or may have a disease that could spread.”举个🌰：
She was sent home and put in quarantine.
她被送回家实施隔离。
2）作动词，表示“对…进行隔离”，英文解释为“If people or animals are quarantined, they are stopped from having contact with other people or animals. If a place is quarantined, people and animals are prevented from entering or leaving it.”举个🌰：
Dogs have to be quarantined for six months before they'll let them in.
狗必须被隔离6个月后他们才会放它们进来。
Eventually, the lockdowns will end. But as the confinement drags on, the danger seems likely to intensify. Studies show that abusers are more likely to murder their partners and others in the wake of personal crises, including lost jobs or major financial setbacks.
封锁最终会结束。但是随着隔离的继续，危险似乎可能加剧。研究表明，在发生个人危机——包括失业或重大财务损失——之后，施虐者更有可能谋杀其伴侣和他人。
drag on
表示“拖得太久；持续太久”，英文解释为“( disapproving ) to go on for too long”举个🌰：
The dispute has dragged on for months.
这场争论没完没了地持续了数月。
in the wake of
表示“作为…的后果；随…之后而来”，英文解释为“If something happens in the wake of something else, it happens after and often because of it.”举个🌰：
Airport security was extra tight in the wake of yesterday's attacks.
昨天的袭击发生之后，机场安检变得格外严格。
🎬电影《科洛弗道10号》（10 Cloverfield Lane）中的台词提到：In the wake of this afternoon's widespread blackout 在今天下午的大面积停电之后，...
🎬电影《阿波罗13号》（Apollo 13）中的台词提到：lt was that phosphorescent stuff that gets churned up in the wake of a big ship. 就是在大船驶过后被搅上来 会发出磷光的那种东西。
🎬传记电影《史蒂夫·乔布斯》（Steve Jobs）中的台词提到：Apple Computers closed two of its factories today in the wake of disappointing sales. 因为销量不佳 苹果电脑今天关闭了两家工厂。
setback
表示“挫折；障碍”，英文解释为“something that happens that delays or prevents a process from developing”举个🌰：
There has been a temporary setback in our plans.
我们的计划遭到了暂时的挫折。
With Covid-19 ravaging the economy, such crises are set to become much more frequent.
随着Covid-19毁坏了经济，此类危机只会变得更加频繁。
ravage
作动词，表示“严重破坏；损坏；毁坏”，英文解释为“to cause great damage to something”举个🌰：
The area has been ravaged by drought.
这一地区饱受干旱的蹂躏。
📍在庆祝中国共产党成立一百周年大会上的讲话中提到：遭受了前所未有的劫难 ... suffered greater ravages than ever before. 此处ravages为名词。
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