柯林斯词典公布2020年度词汇：Lockdown
近日，柯林斯词典（Collins Dictionary）公布了2020年度词汇：Lockdown（封锁）。
Lockdown这一词，柯林斯词典官方给出的释义为：the imposition of stringent restrictions on travel, social interaction, and access to public spaces. 指的是对出行、社交和进入公共场所实行严格限制。
据了解，疫情以来，Lockdown一词的使用率较上一年增加了60倍。此外，social distancing（社交距离）、self-isolate（自我隔离）和coronavirus（冠状病毒）等疫情相关词汇，也被进入了2020年度热词榜单前十名。
Covid-19: 'Lockdown' declared Collins Dictionary word of the year
BBC
"Lockdown" has been declared the word of the year for 2020 by Collins Dictionary, after a sharp rise in its usage during the pandemic.
It "encapsulates the shared experience of billions of people", Collins said.
Lexicographers registered more than 250,000 usages of "lockdown" during 2020, up from just 4,000 last year.
Other pandemic-linked terms on the 10-strong list include "furlough", "key worker", "self-isolate" and "social distancing" as well as "coronavirus".
According to the dictionary, lockdown is defined as "the imposition of stringent restrictions on travel, social interaction, and access to public spaces".
It came into common parlance as governments around the world responded to the spread of Covid-19 in early 2020 by placing strict measure to stop transmission of the virus.
Non-virus related words to make the list reflect the social and political upheavals of 2020.
Following the death of the unarmed black man George Floyd in the US the abbreviation "BLM", for the Black Lives Matter movement, features having registered a 581% increase in usage, according to Collins.
"Megxit", the term modelled on the word Brexit which was used for the withdrawal of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex from royal duties also makes the list.
Social media also plays its part with "TikToker", describing someone who shares content on platform TikTok and "mukbang" - a term originating in South Korea which describes a host who broadcasts videos of themselves eating large quantities of food.
Helen Newstead, language content consultant at Collins, said: "Language is a reflection of the world around us and 2020 has been dominated by the global pandemic.
"Lockdown has affected the way we work, study, shop, and socialize.
"With many countries entering a second lockdown, it is not a word of the year to celebrate but it is, perhaps, one that sums up the year for most of the world."
Last year's Collins word of the year was "climate strike", marking a year in which 17-year-old Greta Thunberg led a global environmental movement.
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注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
Covid-19: 'Lockdown' declared Collins Dictionary word of the year
BBC
"Lockdown" has been declared the word of the year for 2020 by Collins Dictionary, after a sharp rise in its usage during the pandemic.
因在疫情期间的使用率急剧上升，《柯林斯词典》（Collins Dictionary）宣布Lockdown（封锁）一词为2020年的年度词汇。
It "encapsulates the shared experience of billions of people", Collins said.
柯林斯官方表示，它“承载了数十亿人的共同经历”。
encapsulate
encapsulate /ɪnˈkæpsjʊˌleɪt/ 表示“扼要表述；压缩；概括”，英文解释为“To encapsulate particular facts or ideas means to represent all their most important aspects in a very small space or in a single object or event.”举个🌰：
A Wall Street Journal editorial encapsulated the views of many conservatives.
《华尔街日报》的一篇社论概括了很多保守派人士的观点。
Lexicographers registered more than 250,000 usages of "lockdown" during 2020, up from just 4,000 last year.
词典记录显示，2020年Lockdown一词被使用超过25万次，而去年仅为4,000次。
lexicographer
lexicographer /ˌleksɪˈkɒɡrəfə(r)/ 表示“词典编纂者”，英文解释为“a person who writes and edits dictionaries”。
register
熟词僻义，表示“显示（读数）；记录”，英文解释为“if a measuring instrument registers an amount or sth registers an amount on a measuring instrument, the instrument shows or records that amount”举个🌰：
The thermometer registered 25°C.
温度计显示读数为25摄氏度。
📍register一词，我们常见的含义是注册，登记。政府工作报告中也经常会出现这个词，比如今年2020政府工作报告中提到的：
以及2018年报告中提到的：
都有“显示；指示；表达”的含义（to record, show, or express something）。
Other pandemic-linked terms on the 10-strong list include "furlough", "key worker", "self-isolate" and "social distancing" as well as "coronavirus".
其它在榜单前十的与疫情有关的词汇包括、furlough（强制休假）、key worker（关键岗位员工）、self-isolate（自我隔离）、social distancing（社交距离）和以及coronavirus（冠状病毒）。
furlough
furlough /ˈfɜːləʊ/ 柯林斯词典给出的上榜释义是：a temporary laying-off of employees, usually because there is insufficient work to occupy them. 指的是临时性裁员，通常是因为没有足够的工作可做。
furlough本身作名词表示“（员工或军人的）休假，探亲假”，英文解释为“a period of time that a worker or a soldier is allowed to be absent, especially to return temporarily to their own town or country”。
作动词，表示“准许…休假；强制…休假”，英文解释为“to allow or force someone to be absent temporarily from work”，举个🌰：
After safety concerns, the company furloughed all 50 of its employees.
出于安全考虑，该公司强制所有的50名雇员休假。
According to the dictionary, lockdown is defined as "the imposition of stringent restrictions on travel, social interaction, and access to public spaces".
根据词典的定义，Lockdown是指“对出行、社交和进入公共场所实行严格限制”。
imposition
表示“（新法律或体系的）实施”，英文解释为“the introduction of a new law or system”，如：the imposition of the death penalty 实施死刑。
stringent
stringent /ˈstrɪndʒənt/ 表示“严格的；严厉的”，英文解释为“very strict and that must be obeyed”，如：stringent air quality regulations 严格的空气质量管理条例。
It came into common parlance as governments around the world responded to the spread of Covid-19 in early 2020 by placing strict measure to stop transmission of the virus.
2020年初，世界各国政府为了应对Covid-19的传播，采取了严格的措施来阻止病毒的传播，它也就成了通用语。
parlance
parlance /ˈpɑːləns/ 表示“说法，用语；术语”，英文解释为“a group of words or style of speaking used by a particular group of people”。
Non-virus related words to make the list reflect the social and political upheavals of 2020.
与病毒无关的词语上榜，反映了2020年的社会和政治动荡。
upheaval
表示“剧变；激变；动乱；动荡”，英文解释为“a big change that causes a lot of confusion, worry and problems”如：a period of emotional upheaval 情绪波动很大的时期。
Following the death of the unarmed black man George Floyd in the US the abbreviation "BLM", for the Black Lives Matter movement, features having registered a 581% increase in usage, according to Collins.
据柯林斯，手无寸铁的美国黑人乔治·弗洛伊德（George Floyd）去世后，黑人的命也是命（Black Lives Matter）运动的缩写「BLM」的使用率也增加了581%。
"Megxit", the term modelled on the word Brexit which was used for the withdrawal of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex from royal duties also makes the list.
Megxit，这个词仿照Brexit，用来表示苏塞克斯公爵和公爵夫人放弃英国皇室职责，也上榜了。
model sth on/after sth
表示“模仿；仿照”，英文解释为“to make sth so that it looks, works, etc. like sth else”举个🌰：
The country's parliament is modelled on the British system.
这个国家的议会是模仿英国的体制建立的。
句子解析
原句："Megxit", the term modelled on the word Brexit which was used for the withdrawal of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex from royal duties also makes the list.
拆解："Megxit", the term [(modelled on the word Brexit) which was used for the withdrawal of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex from royal duties] also makes the list.
主语："Megxit", the term（同位语）
谓语+宾语：make (the list).
主句：Megxit (also) makes the list. Megxit这个词也上榜了。
哪个词？the term (that was) modelled on the word Brexit 仿造Brexit构造的词。
仿造Brexit构造的词怎么了？
定语从句：Megxit (...) which was used for the withdrawal of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex, 被用来表示苏塞克斯公爵和公爵夫人退出英国王室。
Social media also plays its part with "TikToker", describing someone who shares content on platform TikTok and "mukbang" - a term originating in South Korea which describes a host who broadcasts videos of themselves eating large quantities of food.
社交媒体也发挥了它的作用，TikToker描述的是在TikTok平台上分享内容的人。mukbang--这个词起源于韩国，描述的是在视频直播中吃大量食物的人。
mukbang
mukbang表示「吃播，直播吃饭」来自韩语 meokneun 吃饭和 bangsong 播放的结合。
Helen Newstead, language content consultant at Collins, said: "Language is a reflection of the world around us and 2020 has been dominated by the global pandemic.
柯林斯词典的语言内容顾问海伦·纽斯特德（Helen Newstead）说，“语言是我们周围世界的反映，2020年已经被全球疫情所主导。”
"Lockdown has affected the way we work, study, shop, and socialize.
“封锁已经影响了我们的工作、学习、购物和社交方式。”
"With many countries entering a second lockdown, it is not a word of the year to celebrate but it is, perhaps, one that sums up the year for most of the world."
“许多国家进入第二次封锁，这不是一个值得庆祝的年度词汇，但对于世界上大多数人来说，它也许是一个总结今年的词汇。“
Last year's Collins word of the year was "climate strike", marking a year in which 17-year-old Greta Thunberg led a global environmental movement.
去年的柯林斯年度词汇是“Climate Strike“（气候罢工），标志着17岁的格蕾塔·桑伯格（Greta Thunberg）在这一年引领了一场全球环保运动。
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