雪容融正式开始上班了

LearnAndRecord 2022-07-26

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刚刚，2022年北京冬残奥会正式开幕了。

无注释原文：

Winter Paralympics set to get underway in Beijing following exclusion of Russia and Belarus

CNN

A record number of Para athletes -- around 700 -- were expected to compete in this year's Winter Paralympics in Beijing, but much of the focus the day before the Opening Ceremony fell on the 83 who won't.

That's after the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) announced the U-turn decision to block Russian and Belarusian athletes from competing at the Games in the wake of Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

According to the IPC, backlash from the teams and athletes preparing to compete in Beijing was "jeopardising the viability" of the Games and making the safety of athletes "untenable," even after Russian and Belarusian participants were set to compete as neutrals.

It is against this backdrop that the Opening Ceremony of the Winter Paralympics gets underway on Friday with the first events scheduled for Saturday. The competition runs until March 13 and showcases 78 events across six Para sports: alpine skiing, biathlon, cross-country skiing, para ice hockey, snowboarding and wheelchair curling.

As with last month's Winter Olympics, events will be held in the three separate zones of central Beijing, Yanqing and Zhangjiakou.

When do events start?

Action begins in Beijing, the first city to host both a Summer and Winter Games, with medal events in men's and women's para alpine skiing downhill and the men's and women's para biathlon on Saturday.

Host China will have a team of 96 athletes competing across all six sports over the course of the Games. Having claimed its first medal -- a gold in wheelchair curling -- in Pyeongchang four years ago, there are high expectations that this year's Chinese team could deliver more success.

The United States topped the medal table at the last Winter Paralympics and has sent a 67-strong team -- 28 of whom are making their Paralympic debuts -- this year.

Among the athletes returning to the team is Oksana Masters, a 10-time Paralympic medalist across the Summer and Winter Games who has competed in rowing, cycling, cross-country skiing and biathlon.

What are the Covid-19 protocols?

The countermeasures that were in place for the Winter Olympics in February are also being implemented for the Paralympics.

That includes a "closed loop" system encompassing venues, conference centers, and hotels and connected by a transport service dedicated to the Games. Being fully vaccinated enables participants to enter the "closed loop" without quarantining, while those who aren't vaccinated have to isolate for 21 days on arrival.

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

Winter Paralympics set to get underway in Beijing following exclusion of Russia and Belarus

CNN

A record number of Para athletes -- around 700 -- were expected to compete in this year's Winter Paralympics in Beijing, but much of the focus the day before the Opening Ceremony fell on the 83 who won't.

约700名残疾人运动员有望参加今年的北京冬季残奥会，人数创下新高。但在开幕式前一天，人们的关注点主要集中在83名不能参赛的运动员身上。

underway

表示“正在进行的；正在发生的”，英文解释为“If something is underway, it is happening now.”举个🌰：

Economic recovery is already underway.

经济已开始复苏了。

exclusion

表示“排斥；排除在外”，英文解释为“the act of not allowing someone or something to take part in an activity or to enter a place”如：her exclusion from the list of Oscar nominees 她被排除在奥斯卡奖提名名单之外。

record

作形容词，表示“创纪录的；空前的”，英文解释为“at a higher level than ever achieved before”举个🌰：

The long hot summer has led to a record harvest this year.

这个夏天漫长而又炎热，使得今年成为一个创纪录的丰收年。

Paralympics

the Paralympics / the Paralympic Games 表示“残疾人奥林匹克运动会，残奥会（为身体残疾的人组织的一项国际体育竞赛，每4年举行一次）”，英文解释为“an international sports competition for people with physical disabilities, that happens every four years immediately after the Olympics”

此前，因俄罗斯入侵乌克兰，国际残奥委会（IPC）宣布了禁止俄罗斯和白俄罗斯运动员参加奥运会比赛这一态度大转变的决定。

U-turn

1）表示“（观念或行为上的）彻底转变”，英文解释为“a complete change from one opinion or plan of action to an opposite one”举个🌰：

He did/made a quick U-turn in response to all the adverse publicity.

面对所有这些不利宣传，他的态度来了个180度的大转弯。

2）表示“U 型转弯，180度转弯”，英文解释为“a turn made by a car in order to go back in the direction from which it has come”举个🌰：

It is illegal to do/make a U-turn on a motorway.

在高速路上掉头是违章的。

in the wake of

in the wake of表示“作为…的后果；随…之后而来”，英文解释为“If something happens in the wake of something else, it happens after and often because of it.”举个🌰：

Airport security was extra tight in the wake of yesterday's attacks.

昨天的袭击发生之后，机场安检变得格外严格。

🎬电影《科洛弗道10号》（10 Cloverfield Lane）中的台词提到：In the wake of this afternoon's widespread blackout 在今天下午的大面积停电之后，...

🎬电影《阿波罗13号》（Apollo 13）中的台词提到：lt was that phosphorescent stuff that gets churned up in the wake of a big ship. 就是在大船驶过后被搅上来会发出磷光的那种东西。

🎬传记电影《史蒂夫·乔布斯》（Steve Jobs）中的台词提到：Apple Computers closed two of its factories today in the wake of disappointing sales. 因为销量不佳苹果电脑今天关闭了两家工厂。

invasion

表示“入侵，侵略”，英文解释为“an occasion when an army or country uses force to enter and take control of another country”举个🌰：

They were planning to mount an invasion of the north of the country.

他们正计划发动对该国北部的侵略。

据国际残奥委会的说法，准备在北京参加比赛的团队和运动员的抵制“正危及”奥运会的“正常举行”，并使运动员的安全“无法保证”，即使俄罗斯和白俄罗斯的参赛者被以中立身份参赛。

backlash

表示“强烈抵制，集体反对”，英文解释为“a strong negative reaction by a large number of people, for example to sth that has recently changed in society”如：the male backlash against feminism 男性对女权主义的强烈反应。

📺美剧《无耻之徒》（Shameless）第一季中的台词提到：There will be a backlash if people don't stop 字幕组翻译为：如果人们不停止...的话，迟早会出大事。

jeopardise/jeopardize

jeopardize /ˈdʒɛpəˌdaɪz/ 表示“使处于危险境地；危及，损害”，英文解释为“to put something such as a plan or system in danger of being harmed or damaged”举个🌰：

She knew that by failing her finals she could jeopardize her whole future.

她知道考试不及格会影响自己的整个前程。

viability

viability /ˌvaɪ.əˈbɪl.ə.t̬i/ 1）表示“可以实施；可望成功”，英文解释为“ability to work as intended or to succeed”举个🌰：

Rising costs are threatening the viability of many businesses.

不断上涨的成本正在威胁许多企业的生存。

2）表示“能生长发育；可以存活”，英文解释为“ability to continue to exist or develop as a living being”举个🌰：

As the world population of Hawaiian geese has shrunk to very small numbers, the bird's continuing viability is in doubt.

全球范围内夏威夷雁已经所剩无几，这种鸟能否继续繁衍下去让人怀疑。

untenable

1）表示“（理论或论点）难以捍卫的，站不住脚的”，英文解释为“If a theory or argument is untenable, it cannot be supported or defended against criticism.”

2）表示“（局面）难以继续的，难维持的”，英文解释为“An untenable situation cannot continue as it is.”举个🌰：

If three people in four no longer support her, isn't this an untenable situation?

如果四分之三的人不再支持她，这样的局面就难以为继了吧？

neutral

neutral /ˈnuː.trəl/ 作名词，表示“中立者”，英文解释为“a neutral person or thing”举个🌰：

Sweden and Switzerland were neutrals during the war.

在战争期间，瑞典和瑞士是中立国。

正是在这种背景下，冬季残奥会的开幕式于周五开始，第一批赛事定于周六举行。比赛将持续到3月13日，共有6个残疾人运动大项78个小项目：高山滑雪、冬季两项、越野滑雪、残奥冰球、单板滑雪和轮椅冰壶。

backdrop

1）表示“（舞台的）背景幕布”，英文解释为“a painted piece of cloth that is hung behind the stage in a theatre as part of the scenery”。

2）表示“事件的背景”，英文解释为“The backdrop to an event is the general situation in which it happens.”举个🌰：

The election will take place against a backdrop of increasing instability.

选举的背景是逐渐不稳的局势。

schedule

表示“为…安排时间；安排，排定”，英文解释为“to arrange that an event or activity will happen at a particular time”举个🌰：

The flight is scheduled to arrive at 10:20, but it's running 15 minutes late.

航班预定于10:20到达，但要晚点15分钟。

alpine

alpine /ˈælpaɪn/ 表示“高山的；（尤指中欧）阿尔卑斯山的”，英文解释为“existing in or connected with high mountains, especially the Alps in Central Europe”。

biathlon

📍biathlon /baɪˈæθ.lən/ 表示“两项运动（包括越野滑雪和步枪射击）”，英文解释为“a sports competition that combines skiing and shooting a rifle (= gun)”

📍decathlon /dɪˈkæθ.lɑːn/ 表示“男子十项全能（比赛）”，英文解释为“a competition in which an athlete competes in ten sports events”

📍heptathlon /hepˈtæθ.lɑːn/ 表示“女子七项全能运动”，英文解释为“a competition in which athletes compete in seven sports events”

📍pentathlon /penˈtæθ.lɑːn/ 表示“现代五项运动，五项全能运动”，英文解释为“a sports event in which athletes compete in five different sports”举个🌰：

The pentathlon consists of running, swimming, riding, shooting, and fencing.

五项全能运动包括赛跑、游泳、骑马、射击和击剑。

cross-country

表示“越野”，英文解释为“Cross-country sports involve people moving over long distances through the countryside.”如：cross-country skiing 越野滑雪。

ice hockey

表示“冰球运动”，英文解释为“a game played on ice between two teams of players who each have a curved stick with which they try to put a puck (= a small, hard disc) into the other team's goal”

curling

curling表示“冰壶，冰上溜石游戏（将重石片滑向一目标）”，英文解释为“a game played on ice, in which players slide heavy flat stones towards a mark”。

As with last month's Winter Olympics, events will be held in the three separate zones of central Beijing, Yanqing and Zhangjiakou.

与上个月的冬奥会一样，赛事将在北京市中心、延庆和张家口三个独立区域举行。

◐ When do events start? 比赛何时开始？

北京是第一个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市，比赛将于周六开始，届时将举行男子和女子高山滑雪滑降项目以及男子和女子冬季两项的比赛。

downhill

downhill skiing替表示“滑雪速降”，英文解释为“skiing down slopes, rather than along level ground”

东道主中国将有一支由96名运动员组成的队伍在奥运会期间参加所有六个项目的比赛。四年前，中国在平昌（Pyeongchang）冬残奥会上获得了第一枚奖牌--轮椅冰壶项目的金牌，人们对今年的中国队能够取得更大的成功寄予厚望。

claim

表示“获得；赢得；取得”，英文解释为“to gain, win or achieve sth”举个🌰：

She has finally claimed a place on the team.

她终于成了那支队的队员。

The United States topped the medal table at the last Winter Paralympics and has sent a 67-strong team -- 28 of whom are making their Paralympic debuts -- this year.

美国在上届冬残奥会上名列榜首，今年派出了一支67人的队伍，其中28人是首次参加残奥会。

debut

表示“（演员、运动员等的）首次登台，初次亮相；新事物的问世”，英文解释为“The debut of a performer or sports player is their first public performance, appearance, or recording.”举个🌰：

She made her debut in a 1937 production of "Hamlet."

她在1937年《哈姆雷特》的演出中首次登台。

Among the athletes returning to the team is Oksana Masters, a 10-time Paralympic medalist across the Summer and Winter Games who has competed in rowing, cycling, cross-country skiing and biathlon.

奥克萨娜·马斯特斯（Oksana Masters）是再次参赛的运动员之一，她曾在夏季和冬季奥运会上10次获得残奥会奖牌，参加过赛艇、自行车、越野滑雪和冬季两项的比赛。

◐ What are the Covid-19 protocols? 防疫规定是什么？

The countermeasures that were in place for the Winter Olympics in February are also being implemented for the Paralympics.

2月份冬奥会所采取的应对措施也正在冬残奥会上实施。

countermeasure

表示“对策；反措施，应对措施”，英文解释为“an action taken against an unwanted action or situation”举个🌰：

The Chancellor's countermeasures against inflation have been completely ineffective.

财政大臣抑制通货膨胀的对策丝毫不奏效。

应对措施包括“闭环”制度，涵盖场馆、会议中心和酒店，并由专门用于奥运会的交通服务相连。完全接种疫苗后，参与者可以进入“闭环”内而无需隔离，而那些没有接种疫苗的人则必须在抵达后隔离21天。

loop

表示“圆圈，环形”，英文解释为“the curved shape made when something long and thin, such as a piece of string, bends until one part of it nearly touches or crosses another part of it”如：belt loops 腰带。

补充：

📍in/on a loop 表示“循环，循环方式”，英文解释为“If something runs in a loop, or is on a loop, it runs continuously, so that the same things are repeated again and again.”举个🌰：

The tape ran in a continuous loop, repeating the same songs over and over.

这盘磁带处于循环播放状态，反反复复地播放那几首歌曲。

📍闭环管理（制度）The closed-loop management system

encompass

表示“包含，包括（尤指很多不同事物）”，英文解释为“to include different types of things”举个🌰：

The festival is to encompass everything from music, theatre, and ballet to literature, cinema, and the visual arts.

本届文化节将涵盖从音乐、戏剧、芭蕾到文学、电影、视觉艺术等各种艺术形式。

dedicated

表示“专用的，专门的”，英文解释为“You use dedicated to describe something that is made, built, or designed for one particular purpose or thing.”举个🌰：

Such areas should also be served by dedicated cycle routes.

这些地区也应该可由自行车专用路线到达。

vaccinate

作动词，表示“给…接种疫苗”，英文解释为“If a person or animal is vaccinated, they are given a vaccine, usually by injection, to prevent them from getting a disease.”举个🌰：

Dogs must be vaccinated against distemper.

犬类必须接种疫苗以防犬热病。

名词形式，vaccination，接种疫苗，Vaccination is the act of getting a shot (a vaccine) to protect you against a certain disease. If you want to protect yourself from catching the mumps, you will need to undergo a vaccination.

对比：

📍vaccine：a substance that is put into the blood and that protects the body from a disease 疫苗

quarantine

剑桥词典2020年度词汇：quarantine /ˈkwɒrənˌtiːn/.

1）作名词，表示“隔离，检疫”，英文解释为“If a person or animal is in quarantine, they are being kept separate from other people or animals for a set period of time, usually because they have or may have a disease that could spread.”举个🌰：

She was sent home and put in quarantine.

她被送回家实施隔离。

2）作动词，表示“对…进行隔离”，英文解释为“If people or animals are quarantined, they are stopped from having contact with other people or animals. If a place is quarantined, people and animals are prevented from entering or leaving it.”举个🌰：

Dogs have to be quarantined for six months before they'll let them in.

狗必须被隔离6个月后他们才会放它们进来。

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