福布斯公布2022年全球最具影响力女性榜单
近日，《福布斯》（Forbes）杂志公布2022年全球100位最具影响力女性榜单，欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩（Ursula von der Leyen）排名第一。欧洲央行行长克里斯蒂娜·拉加德（Christine Lagarde）和美国副总统卡玛拉·哈里斯（Kamala Harris）分列二三位；美国流行唱作天后泰勒·斯威夫特（Taylor Swift）排名第79。
去年，美国超级富豪、亚马逊创始人之一麦肯齐·斯科特（MacKenzie Scott）排名第一。
🤔️小作业：
无注释原文：
The World's 100 Most Powerful Women
From: Forbes
Vladimir Putin's unprovoked invasion of Ukraine was a defining moment for Europe. European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen rose to the challenge. A week after the war began, she announced three major economic sanctions against Russia—banning transactions with its central bank, closing airspace to Russian plane travel and barring Kremlin-owned news agencies.
“Protecting our liberty comes at a price,” von der Leyen said. “This is our principle: freedom is priceless.”
For her leadership during the Ukraine war, as well as her handling of the Covid-19 pandemic, von der Leyen sits atop the 19th annual Forbes list of the World's 100 Most Powerful Women. Her influence is unique—no one else on the list formulates policy on behalf of 450 million people—but her commitment to a free and democratic society is not. Von der Leyen is just one face of the biggest storyline of 2022: women acting as stalwarts for democracy.
American women suffered the greatest reversal of rights in the two decades of the list when the Supreme Court limited the right to an abortion. In reaction, female voters energized U.S. midterm elections. In Iran, thousands of women marched in the streets in protest against theocratic laws that treat them as second-class citizens.
The rest of the women are more traditional power players—39 CEOs; 10 heads of state; and 11 billionaires worth a combined $115 billion.
The list was determined by four main metrics: money, media, impact and spheres of influence. For political leaders, we weighed gross domestic products and populations; for corporate leaders, revenues and employee counts; and media mentions and reach of all. The result is a collection of women who are fighting the status quo.
“If you don't react to the first violation of your rights,” says Roya Boroumand, an Iranian historian and human rights activist, “the second will come, and the third will come.”
The Highlights
Thasunda Brown Duckett
TITLE: PRESIDENT AND CEO, TIAA
LOCATION: UNITED STATES
In 2021, Thasunda Brown Duckett took the helm of TIAA, a retirement and financial services company for academic, research, medical and governmental workers. The role makes her one of just two Black female CEOs leading one of America's largest 500 companies, and one of the most powerful women in finance.
Taylor Swift
TITLE: MUSICIAN
LOCATION: UNITED STATES
Taylor Swift broke records and Ticketmaster's website this year. After releasing her 10th studio album in October, she became the first artist in history to claim the top ten spots on the Billboard Hot 100 song list. And in November, demand for tickets to her 2023 Eras Tour overwhelmed Ticketmaster, prompting members of Congress to question the company's hold on concert sales.
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注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
The World's 100 Most Powerful Women
From: Forbes
Vladimir Putin's unprovoked invasion of Ukraine was a defining moment for Europe. European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen rose to the challenge. A week after the war began, she announced three major economic sanctions against Russia—banning transactions with its central bank, closing airspace to Russian plane travel and barring Kremlin-owned news agencies.
弗拉基米尔·普京（Vladimir Putin）无端入侵乌克兰对欧洲来说是一个决定性时刻。欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩（Ursula von der Leyen）挺身而出，迎接挑战。战争开始一周后，她宣布了对俄罗斯的三大项经济制裁——禁止与俄罗斯央行进行交易、对俄罗斯航班关闭领空以及禁止克里姆林宫旗下新闻机构。
unprovoked
unprovoked /ˌʌn.prəˈvoʊkt/ 表示“（令人不快的言行）无端的，无缘无故的”，英文解释为“If an unpleasant action or remark is unprovoked, it has not been caused by anything and is therefore unfair.”举个🌰：
Her angry outburst was totally unprovoked. 她的暴跳如雷完全是无理取闹。
invasion
defining
表示“最典型的；起决定性作用的”，英文解释为“A defining moment, feature, etc. is so important that it is or becomes part of the basic meaning or description of something.”
rise to the occasion/challenge
表示“成功应对困难；临危不乱”，英文解释为“to show that you can deal with a difficult situation successfully”举个🌰：
In the exam she rose to the occasion and wrote a brilliant essay. 在考试中，她临场发挥写出了一篇非常出色的文章。
sanction
1）常见含义表示“制裁”，英文解释为“an official order, such as the stopping of trade, that is taken against a country in order to make it obey international law”举个🌰：
Many nations have imposed sanctions on the country. 许多国家都对其进行制裁。
2）可以作动词也可以作名词，表示“批准；认可”，英文解释为“If someone in authority sanctions an action or practice, they officially approve of it and allow it to be done.”举个🌰：
He may now be ready to sanction the use of force. 他或许现在正准备批准使用武力。
transaction
表示“交易”，英文解释为“an occasion when someone buys or sells something, or when money is exchanged or the activity of buying or selling something”。
bar
作名词，表示“条状物”，英文解释为“a substance that has been made into a solid rectangular shape”如：a bar of soap 一块肥皂，a chocolate bar 一条巧克力棒。
作动词，表示“禁止，阻止”，英文解释为“If someone is barred from a place or from doing something, they are officially forbidden to go there or to do it.”举个🌰：
The players are barred from drinking alcohol the night before a match. 运动员在参赛前夜不得喝酒。
🎬电影《逆转王牌》（Runner Runner）中的台词提到：He said I'd be barred from re-entering the country.他说我下次回国时会被禁止入境。
“Protecting our liberty comes at a price,” von der Leyen said. “This is our principle: freedom is priceless.”
“保护我们的自由是有代价的，”乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩说。“这是我们的原则：自由是无价的。”
liberty
表示“自由”，英文解释为“the freedom to live as you wish or go where you want”如：the fight for justice and liberty 争取正义和自由的斗争。
For her leadership during the Ukraine war, as well as her handling of the Covid-19 pandemic, von der Leyen sits atop the 19th annual Forbes list of the World's 100 Most Powerful Women. Her influence is unique—no one else on the list formulates policy on behalf of 450 million people—but her commitment to a free and democratic society is not. Von der Leyen is just one face of the biggest storyline of 2022: women acting as stalwarts for democracy.
凭借在乌克兰战争期间的领导力，以及对新冠肺炎疫情的处置，乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩位居《福布斯》第19届年度全球100位最具影响力女性排行榜榜首。她的影响力是独一无二的——榜单上没有其他人能够代表4.5亿人制定政策——但她对自由民主社会的奉献并非独一无二。乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩只是2022年最主要情节中的一个面孔：女性是民主的中坚力量。
atop
表示“在…之上，在…顶上”，英文解释为“on or at the top of”举个🌰：
She sat atop a two-metre wall. 她坐在一堵两米高的墙上。
formulate
formulate /ˈfɔː.mjə.leɪt/ 表示“制订；规划；构想”，英文解释为“to develop all the details of a plan for doing something”如：to formulate a new plan 制订一个新计划。
storyline
storyline /ˈstɔː.ri.laɪn/ 表示“（书、电影、戏剧等的）情节”，英文解释为“(in a book, film, play, etc.) the plot (= the series of events that happen in it)”
stalwart
stalwart /ˈstɔːl.wət/ 作形容词，表示“忠实的，忠诚的；可靠的”，英文解释为“loyal, especially for a long time; able to be trusted”举个🌰：
She has been a stalwart supporter of LR for many years. 她多年来一直是LR的忠实支持者。
作名词，表示“忠诚的人，中坚分子”，英文解释为“a person who has been loyal for a long time”举个🌰：
Let me introduce Tom, one of the club's stalwarts. 我来介绍一下汤姆，俱乐部的中坚分子之一。
American women suffered the greatest reversal of rights in the two decades of the list when the Supreme Court limited the right to an abortion. In reaction, female voters energized U.S. midterm elections. In Iran, thousands of women marched in the streets in protest against theocratic laws that treat them as second-class citizens.
当最高法院限制堕胎权利时，美国女性遭受了该榜单二十年来最大的权利逆转。作为回应，女性选民为美国的中期选举注入了活力。在伊朗，成千上万的女性走上街头反对将她们视为二等公民的神权法律。
reversal
reversal /rɪˈvɜː.səl/ 1）表示“反向；倒转；倒退；推翻”，英文解释为“the act of changing or making something change to its opposite”举个🌰：
He demanded a reversal of the previous decision/policy. 他要求撤销原来的决定/废弃原先的政策。
2）表示“挫折；失败”，英文解释为“a problem or failure”举个🌰：
We have suffered a couple of minor/temporary reversals. 我们遭遇了几次小/暂时的挫折。
abortion
表示“（通常指通过手术进行的）堕胎，人工流产”，英文解释为“If a woman has an abortion, she ends her pregnancy deliberately so that the baby is not born alive.”举个🌰：
He and his girlfriend had been going out together for a year when she had an abortion. 他的女友流产时，他和她已经交往了一年时间。
energize
energize /ˈen.ə.dʒaɪz/ 表示“使精力充沛，使有活力；激励，激发”，英文解释为“to make someone feel energetic or eager”举个🌰：
I felt very energized after my holiday. 假期过后，我感到精力非常充沛。
theocratic
theocratic /ˌθiː.əˈkræt.ɪk/ 表示“神权政治的”，英文解释为“relating to theocracy (= government by religious leaders), or to a particular theocracy”
The rest of the women are more traditional power players—39 CEOs; 10 heads of state; and 11 billionaires worth a combined $115 billion.
其余都是比较传统的影响力人物--39位首席执行官；10位国家元首；以及11位身价1150亿美元的亿万富翁。
The list was determined by four main metrics: money, media, impact and spheres of influence. For political leaders, we weighed gross domestic products and populations; for corporate leaders, revenues and employee counts; and media mentions and reach of all. The result is a collection of women who are fighting the status quo.
这份榜单由四个主要指标决定：金钱、媒体、影响力和影响范围。对于政治领袖，我们权衡了国内生产总值和人口；对于企业领导者，权衡了收入和员工人数；以及媒体提及和触达情况。最终获得的是一群与现状作斗争的女性。
metrics
表示“衡量指标；指标；度量”，英文解释为“Metrics are measures of quantitative assessment commonly used for comparing, and tracking performance or production.”
sphere
sphere /sfɪə/ 1）表示“球，圆球；球状物”，英文解释为“an object shaped like a round ball”；
2）表示“（活动、兴趣的）领域”，英文解释为“A sphere of activity or interest is a particular area of activity or interest.”如：the sphere of international politics 国际政治领域，different social spheres 不同的社会圈子。
gross domestic product
gross domestic product /ˌɡrəʊs dəˌmes.tɪk ˈprɒd.ʌkt/ 缩写GDP，表示“国内生产总值”，英文解释为“the total value of goods and services produced by a country in one year”
the status quo
“If you don't react to the first violation of your rights,” says Roya Boroumand, an Iranian historian and human rights activist, “the second will come, and the third will come.”
“如果你对第一次侵犯你的权利没有反应，”伊朗历史学家和人权活动家罗亚·博鲁曼德（Roya Boroumand）说，“那么就会发生第二次，第三次。”
The Highlights 亮点
Thasunda Brown Duckett 塔桑达·布朗·达克特
TITLE: PRESIDENT AND CEO, TIAA TIAA总裁兼首席执行官
LOCATION: UNITED STATES 美国
In 2021, Thasunda Brown Duckett took the helm of TIAA, a retirement and financial services company for academic, research, medical and governmental workers. The role makes her one of just two Black female CEOs leading one of America's largest 500 companies, and one of the most powerful women in finance.
2021年，塔桑达·布朗·达克特（Thasunda Brown Duckett）执掌TIAA，这是一家面向学术、研究、医疗和政府工作人员的退休和金融服务公司。这一角色使她成为美国500强企业仅有的两名黑人女性首席执行官之一，也是金融界最有影响力的女性之一。
helm
可以作动词，也可以作名词，表示“舵柄；舵轮”，英文解释为“the handle or wheel which controls the direction in which a ship or boat travels”举个🌰：
Who was at the helm when the collision occurred? 发生碰撞时谁在掌舵？
作动词引申表示为“指导，掌管，管理，经营”，英文解释为“to direct or steer”
📍at the helm 除了可以指“掌舵”，也可以指“领导位置；掌管，负责”（in charge of an organization, project, etc.）2020年6月，Hello Kitty之父要卸任了时，BBC就提到：at the helm of Sanrio这个表达。
📍 take the helm也可以表示“开始负责，开始掌管；担任领导”（to start to officially control an organization or company）
Taylor Swift 泰勒·斯威夫特
TITLE: MUSICIAN 歌手
LOCATION: UNITED STATES 美国
Taylor Swift broke records and Ticketmaster's website this year. After releasing her 10th studio album in October, she became the first artist in history to claim the top ten spots on the Billboard Hot 100 song list. And in November, demand for tickets to her 2023 Eras Tour overwhelmed Ticketmaster, prompting members of Congress to question the company's hold on concert sales.
泰勒·斯威夫特（Taylor Swift）今年打破了记录并导致Ticketmaster网站瘫痪。在10月发行了她的第10张录音室专辑后，她成为历史上首位在公告牌百强单曲榜上占据前十名的歌手。11月，她2023年“Eras Tour”巡回演唱会的门票需求火爆导致Ticketmaster网站崩溃，促使国会议员对该票务公司在演唱会门票销售方面垄断的质疑。
claim
1）表示“获得；赢得；取得”，英文解释为“to gain, win or achieve sth”举个🌰：
She has finally claimed a place on the team. 她终于成了那支队的队员。
2）表示“声称；宣称；断言；主张”，英文解释为“to say that something is true or is a fact, although you cannot prove it and other people might not believe it”举个🌰：
The company claims (that) it is not responsible for the pollution in the river. 公司声称对该河流污染没有责任。
overwhelm
overwhelm /ˌoʊvərˈwelm/ 1）表示“（强烈的感情）充溢，使难以承受，使不知所措”，英文解释为“If you are overwhelmed by a feeling or event, it affects you very strongly, and you do not know how to deal with it.”举个🌰：
He was overwhelmed by a longing for times past. 他陷入了一种对过去的渴望而不能自拔。
2）表示“彻底制服；击败，征服”，英文解释为“If a group of people overwhelm a place or another group, they gain complete control or victory over them.”
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