学校禁用ChatGPT：防止人工智能作弊

从12月初在互联网圈风靡，到如今刷屏全网，人们对ChatGPT辅助作弊的担忧日益加深，有越来越多的学校开始禁用ChatGPT。

没错，今天的标题是ChatGPT生成的。

🤔️小作业：

1. smoking gun是什么意思？

2. 文中的lift是什么意思？

3. 「现状」怎么表达？

无注释原文：

Schools Ban ChatGPT Amid Fears of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Cheating

From: VOA NEWS

Since its release in 2022, an artificial intelligence-powered writing tool called ChatGPT has won instant acclaim but has also raised concerns, especially on school campuses.

High school student Galvin Fickes demonstrated how entering a short command can generate a summary of Jane Eyre, a book she was assigned to read.

“I think it did a pretty good job, honestly,” said Fickes.

Some teachers like LuPaulette Taylor are concerned that the freely available tool could be used by students to do their homework for them and undermine learning.

“The critical thinking that we all need as human beings, and the creativity, and also the benefit of having done something yourself and saying, ‘I did that,’” said Taylor, who teaches high school English at an Oakland, California, public school.

Across the U.S., school systems are choosing to restrict access to ChatGPT on their computers and networks.

Developed by San Francisco-based OpenAI, ChatGPT is trained on a vast amount of language data from the internet. When prompted, the AI generates a response using the most likely sequence of words, creating original text that mimics human thought.

“There's no, what we call, ‘source document,’ right?” she said. “Or a smoking gun to look to, to say, ‘Yes, this looks like it was lifted from that.’”

Annie Chechitelli is chief product officer for Turnitin, an academic integrity service used by educators in 140 countries.

Turnitin’s anti-plagiarism software checks the authenticity of a student paper by scanning the internet for possible matches. But when AI writes text, each line is novel and unique, making it hard to detect cheating.

There is, however, one distinguishing feature of AI writing, said Eric Wang, vice president for AI at Turnitin.

“They tend to write in a very, very average way,” he said. “Humans all have idiosyncrasies. We all deviate from average one way or another. So, we're able to build detectors that look for cases where an entire document or entire passage is uncannily average.”

Turnitin’s ChatGPT detector is due out later this year. Wang said keeping up with AI tools will be an ongoing challenge that will transform education.

“A lot of things that we hold as norms and as status quo are going to have to shift,” he said.

AI may become acceptable for some uses in the classroom, just as calculators eventually did.

Teacher Steve Wright was impressed when his student used ChatGPT to create a study guide for her calculus class.

“You know, if ChatGPT can make us throw up our hands and say, ‘No longer can I ask a student to regurgitate a process, but now I'm going to have to actually dig in and watch them think, to know if they're learning’ — that's fantastic,” said Wright.

In schools and elsewhere, it seems clear that AI will have a role in writing the future.

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Schools Ban ChatGPT Amid Fears of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Cheating

From: VOA NEWS

Since its release in 2022, an artificial intelligence-powered writing tool called ChatGPT has won instant acclaim but has also raised concerns, especially on school campuses.

自2022年发布以来，一款名为ChatGPT的人工智能驱动的写作工具迅速受到好评，但也引起了人们的担忧，尤其是在校园里。

acclaim

表示“（公开的）称誉；赞赏；欢迎”，英文解释为“public approval and praise”举个🌰：

Despite the critical acclaim, the novel did not sell well. 虽然这部小说在评论界赢得一片叫好之声，但并不畅销。

High school student Galvin Fickes demonstrated how entering a short command can generate a summary of Jane Eyre, a book she was assigned to read.

高中生加尔文·菲克斯（Galvin Fickes）演示了如何输入一个简短的命令来生成《简爱》（Jane Eyre）的摘要，《简爱》是她被指定要阅读的一本书。

demonstrate

表示“显示；表明”，英文解释为“to show or make make something clear”举个🌰：

These numbers clearly demonstrate the size of the economic problem facing the country. 这些数字清楚表明了该国经济问题的严重程度。

“I think it did a pretty good job, honestly,” said Fickes.

“说实话，我认为它做得很好，”菲克斯说。

Some teachers like LuPaulette Taylor are concerned that the freely available tool could be used by students to do their homework for them and undermine learning.

露波莱特·泰勒（LuPaulette Taylor）等老师们担心，这款免费提供的工具可能会被学生用来替他们写作业，从而影响学习。

undermine

表示“（常指逐渐地）削弱信心、权威等，损害”，英文解释为“to make someone less confident, less powerful, or less likely to succeed, or to make something weaker, often gradually”举个🌰：

Criticism just undermines their confidence. 批评只是削弱了他们的信心。

“The critical thinking that we all need as human beings, and the creativity, and also the benefit of having done something yourself and saying, ‘I did that,’” said Taylor, who teaches high school English at an Oakland, California, public school.

“作为人类，我们都需要批判性思维和创造力，以及自己完成了某事并说‘我做到了’的激励，”在加州奥克兰的一所公立学校教高中英语的泰勒老师说。

Across the U.S., school systems are choosing to restrict access to ChatGPT on their computers and networks.

在美国各地，学校正在考虑限制在其计算机和网络上访问ChatGPT。

Developed by San Francisco-based OpenAI, ChatGPT is trained on a vast amount of language data from the internet. When prompted, the AI generates a response using the most likely sequence of words, creating original text that mimics human thought.

ChatGPT由总部位于旧金山的OpenAI开发，它利用来自互联网的大量语料数据进行训练。收到提示语时，它会使用最有可能的词汇序列生成答复，创造出模仿人类思维的独创文本。

prompt

作名词，1）表示“（计算机屏幕上的）提示符（显示计算机已经准备好接受指令）”，英文解释为“a sign on a computer screen that shows that the computer is ready to receive your instructions”

2）表示“（给演员的）提词，提白”，英文解释为“words that are spoken to an actor who has forgotten what he or she is going to say during the performance of a play”

3）作动词，表示“促使；导致；激起”，英文解释为“to make sb decide to do sth; to cause sth to happen”举个🌰：

His speech prompted an angry outburst from a man in the crowd. 他的讲话激起了人群中一男子的愤怒。

📺美剧《斯巴达克斯：血与沙》（Spartacus: Blood and Sand）中的台词提到：One cannot but wonder what would prompt such an act 不知他们为何遭此不幸。

4）作动词，表示“（尤指）给（演员）提词”，英文解释为“to help someone, especially an actor, to remember what they were going to say or do”举个🌰：

I forgot my line and had to be prompted. 我忘词了，只好让人提词。

mimic

1）表示“模仿（人的言行举止）；（尤指）做滑稽模仿”，英文解释为“to copy the way sb speaks, moves, behaves, etc., especially in order to make other people laugh”举个🌰：

She's always mimicking the teachers. 她总喜欢模仿老师的言谈举止。

2）表示“（外表或行为举止）像，似”，英文解释为“to look or behave like sth else”举个🌰：

The robot was programmed to mimic a series of human movements. 机器人可按程序设计模仿人的各种动作。

“There's no, what we call, ‘source document,’ right?” she said. “Or a smoking gun to look to, to say, ‘Yes, this looks like it was lifted from that.’”

“根本没有我们所说的‘源文件’，对吧？”她说，“也没有确凿的证据，可以说，‘对，这看起来像是从那里剽窃的。’”

smoking gun

表示“确凿的罪证；确凿的证据；确证证据”，英文解释为“information that proves who committed a crime”举个🌰：

The tape recordings provided prosecutors with the smoking gun they needed to prove he'd been involved in the conspiracy. 录音带为检察官们提供了他们所需要的确凿证据，证明他参与了这一阴谋。

lift

1）早在2020年「武汉解封」冬已尽，春来兮！文中CNN的标题「China lifts 76-day lockdown on Wuhan as city reemerges from coronavirus crisis」就有提到有提到lift ... lockdown，lift作动词，表示「解除，撤销，停止」，英文解释为：to remove or end restrictions，如：to lift a ban 解除禁令。

2）表示“举起，提起，抬起，吊起”，英文解释为“to move something from a lower to a higher position”举个🌰：

Could you help me lift this table, please? 你能帮我抬一下桌子吗？

3）表示“偷盗；剽窃”，英文解释为“to use someone else's writing, music, or idea, pretending that it is your own”举个🌰：

He'd lifted whole passages from a website. 他从网站上整段整段地剽窃文章。

Annie Chechitelli is chief product officer for Turnitin, an academic integrity service used by educators in 140 countries.

安妮·切奇泰利（Annie Chechitelli）是Turnitin的首席产品官，Turnitin是一项学术诚信服务，目前140个国家的教育工作者在使用。

integrity

1）表示“完整”，英文解释为“the quality of being whole and complete”举个🌰：

A modern extension on the old building would ruin its architectural integrity. 在古老建筑物上附加扩建的现代建筑会破坏建筑风格的完整统一。

2）表示“正直；诚实；职业操守”，英文解释为“the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that you refuse to change”举个🌰：

No one doubted that the president was a man of the highest integrity. 没有人怀疑总裁是个光明磊落的人。

Turnitin’s anti-plagiarism software checks the authenticity of a student paper by scanning the internet for possible matches. But when AI writes text, each line is novel and unique, making it hard to detect cheating.

Turnitin的反剽窃软件通过扫描互联网以寻找可能的匹配项来检查学生论文的真实性。但是当用人工智能来生成文本时，每一行都是新颖独特的，因此很难发现作弊行为。

plagiarism

plagiarism /ˈpleɪdʒəˌrɪzəm/ 表示“剽窃”，英文解释为“Plagiarism is the practice of using or copying someone else's idea or work and pretending that you thought of it or created it.”举个🌰：

Now he's in real trouble. He's accused of plagiarism. 现在他陷入真正的麻烦了。他被指控剽窃。

authenticity

authenticity /ˌɔː.θenˈtɪs.ə.ti/ 表示“确实性；真实性；可靠性”，英文解释为“the quality of being genuine or true.”举个🌰：

The authenticity of her story is beyond doubt. 她讲述的事情的真实性不容置疑。

There is, however, one distinguishing feature of AI writing, said Eric Wang, vice president for AI at Turnitin.

然而，Turnitin负责人工智能的副总裁王·埃里克（Eric Wang）表示，人工智能写作有一个显着特点。

“They tend to write in a very, very average way,” he said. “Humans all have idiosyncrasies. We all deviate from average one way or another. So, we're able to build detectors that look for cases where an entire document or entire passage is uncannily average.”

“他们倾向于用非常非常平均化的方式写作，”他说。“人类都有特性。我们都会以这样或那样的方式偏离平均水平。所以，我们能够制造检测工具来寻找整个文档或整篇文章非常平均化的情况。”

idiosyncrasy

idiosyncrasy /ˌɪd.i.əˈsɪŋ.krə.si/ 表示“癖好，怪癖；特征”，英文解释为“a strange or unusual habit, way of behaving, or feature that someone or something has”举个🌰：

She often cracks her knuckles when she's speaking - it's one of her little idiosyncrasies. 她讲话时常常将指节捏得咔咔作响，这是她的一个小怪癖。

deviate

deviate /ˈdiːvɪˌeɪt/意思是“背离，偏离，违背；脱离；出格，违背规则”，英文解释为“to change what you are doing so that you are not following an expected plan, idea, or type of behaviour”，通常用法是deviate from ...，如：飞机偏离正常航线 deviate from its normal flight path；完全背离了媒体职业道德 completely deviate from professional media ethics.

uncannily

表示“惊异地；神秘地；不寻常地；危险地”，英文解释为“in a way that is uncanny (= strange and mysterious)”

Turnitin’s ChatGPT detector is due out later this year. Wang said keeping up with AI tools will be an ongoing challenge that will transform education.

Turnitin的ChatGPT检测工具将于今年晚些时候推出。他说，跟上人工智能工具将是一项持续的挑战，它将改变教育。

“A lot of things that we hold as norms and as status quo are going to have to shift,” he said.

“很多我们认为是规范和现状的东西都将不得不改变，”他说。

norm

表示“规范；行为标准”，英文解释为“standards of behaviour that are typical of or accepted within a particular group or society”，如：social/cultural norms 社会/文化规范。

the status quo

the status quo /ˌsteɪ.təs ˈkwəʊ/ 表示“现状”，英文解释为“the present situation”举个🌰：

Certain people always want to maintain the status quo. 有些人总是想维持现状。

AI may become acceptable for some uses in the classroom, just as calculators eventually did.

课堂上某些情况利用人工智能可能会变成可接受了，就像计算器最终被用于课堂上那样。

Teacher Steve Wright was impressed when his student used ChatGPT to create a study guide for her calculus class.

当史蒂夫·赖特（Steve Wright）老师的学生使用ChatGPT为他的微积分课生成学习指南时，他印象深刻。

calculus

calculus /ˈkæl.kjə.ləs/ 表示“微积分”，英文解释为“an area of advanced mathematics in which continuously changing values are studied”

“You know, if ChatGPT can make us throw up our hands and say, ‘No longer can I ask a student to regurgitate a process, but now I'm going to have to actually dig in and watch them think, to know if they're learning’ — that's fantastic,” said Wright.

莱特老师说：“你知道，如果ChatGPT能让我们摊手，说，‘我不能再要求学生背诵流程了，现在我要真正深入了解他们的思考，才能知道他们是否在学习’——那就太棒了。”

throw up your hands

表示“绝望；投降；撒手不管；举起手来；认输，放弃”，英文解释为“If someone throws up their hands, they express their anger, frustration, or disgust when a situation becomes so bad that they can no longer accept it. To indicate or express utter hopelessness”

regurgitate

regurgitate /rɪˈɡɜː.dʒɪ.teɪt/ 1）表示“（不加思考地）重复；照搬；照本宣科”，英文解释为“If you regurgitate facts, you just repeat what you have heard without thinking about it.”举个🌰：

Many students simply regurgitate what they hear in lectures. 很多学生只会鹦鹉学舌般地重复从课堂上听来的东西。

2）表示“（使）（咽下的食物）返回到口中；反刍”，英文解释为“to bring back swallowed food into the mouth”举个🌰：

Owls regurgitate partly digested food to feed their young. 猫头鹰将半消化的食物吐出来喂幼鸟。

In schools and elsewhere, it seems clear that AI will have a role in writing the future.

在学校等地方，很显然人工智能将在书写未来方面发挥作用。

- 今日盘点 -

acclaim、 demonstrate、 undermine、 prompt、 mimic、 smoking gun、 lift、 integrity、 plagiarism、 authenticity、 idiosyncrasy、 deviate、 uncannily、 norm、 the status quo、 calculus、 throw up your hands、 regurgitate

- Generated By ChatGPT -

John was an acclaimed math teacher, known for his ability to demonstrate complex calculus concepts with ease. However, his integrity was called into question when it was discovered that he had been using plagiarized materials in his lessons. Despite his protests of authenticity, the smoking gun of his idiosyncrasy was uncannily similar to a well-known textbook.

This prompt investigation caused John to deviate from the norm and throw up his hands in frustration. He claimed that he had only been trying to lift the status quo of boring math classes, but his mimic of the textbook had undermined his reputation.

In the end, John was forced to regurgitate his teaching methods and embrace his own unique approach to teaching. The students, who had once found his lessons dull, now praised him for his creative and engaging lessons.

- 推荐阅读 -

- END -

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