再读《孔乙己》
近日，央视网谈孔乙己文学的话题引发热议。
借这个机会，我们就来学一学翻译巨匠杨宪益先生的《孔乙己》译作。
🤔️小作业：
1. salted bamboo shoots 和 peas flavoured with aniseed是什么？
2. gay在文中是什么意思？
3. 文中的radical是什么意思？
4.「掌柜、棉袄」怎么表达？
注：因篇幅过长，无注释原文见：《孔乙己》英译版。
含注释全文：
鲁镇的酒店的格局，是和别处不同的：都是当街一个曲尺形的大柜台，柜里面预备着热水，可以随时温酒。做工的人，傍午傍晚散了工，每每花四文铜钱，买一碗酒，--这是二十多年前的事，现在每碗要涨到十文，--靠柜外站着，热热的喝了休息；倘肯多花一文，便可以买一碟盐煮笋，或者茴香豆，做下酒物了，如果出到十几文，那就能买一样荤菜，但这些顾客，多是短衣帮，大抵没有这样阔绰。只有穿长衫的，才踱进店面隔壁的房子里，要酒要菜，慢慢地坐喝。
The wine shops in Luchen are not like those in other parts of China. They all have a right-angled counter facing the street, where hot water is kept ready for warming wine. When men come off work at midday and in the evening they buy a bowl of wine; it cost four coppers twenty years ago, but now it costs ten. Standing beside the counter, they drink it warm, and relax. Another copper will buy a plate of salted bamboo shoots or peas flavoured with aniseed, to go with the wine; while for a dozen coppers you can buy a meat dish. But most of these customers belong to the short-coated class, few of whom can afford this. Only those in long gowns enter the adjacent room to order wine and dishes, and sit and drink at leisure.
right-angled
表示“大致成直角的；有直角的”，英文解释为“A right-angled bend is a sharp bend that turns through approximately ninety degrees.”
counter
作名词，表示“柜台”，英文解释为“a long, flat, narrow surface or table in a shop, bank, restaurant, etc. at which people are served”
作动词，表示“反驳；反对；对抗”，英文解释为“to react to something with an opposing opinion or action, or to defend yourself against something”举个🌰：
When criticisms were made of the school's performance, the parents' group countered with details of its exam results. 当有人对学校的业绩提出批评时，家长团举出具体的考试成绩予以反驳。
copper
copper /ˈkɒp.ər/ 表示“铜”，英文解释为“a chemical element that is a reddish-brown metal, used especially for making wire and coins”如：copper wire/pipes 铜丝/管，还可以表示“铜板，铜币”。
aniseed
aniseed /ˈæn.ɪ.siːd/ 表示“茴芹籽，洋茴香”，英文解释为“the seeds of the anise plant, used to flavour sweet food and alcoholic drinks”如：aniseed balls 洋茴香丸。
adjacent
adjacent /əˈdʒeɪ.sənt/ 表示“邻近的；毗连的”，英文解释为“very near, next to, or touching”举个🌰：
They work in adjacent buildings. 他们在相邻的两座楼里工作。
我从十二岁起，便在镇口的咸亨酒店里当伙计，掌柜说，样子太傻，怕侍候不了长衫主顾，就在外面做点事罢。外面的短衣主顾，虽然容易说话，但唠唠叨叨缠夹不清的也很不少。他们往往要亲眼看着黄酒从坛子里舀出，看过壶子底里有水没有，又亲看将壶子放在热水里，然后放心：在这严重监督下，羼水也很为难。所以过了几天，掌柜又说我干不了这事。幸亏荐头的情面大，辞退不得，便改为专管温酒的一种无聊职务了。
At the age of twelve I started work as a waiter in Prosperity Tavern, at the entrance to the town. The tavern keeper said I looked too foolish to serve the long-gowned customers, so I was given work in the outer room. Although the short-coated customers there were more easily pleased, there were quite a few trouble-makers among them too. They would insist on watching with their own eyes as the yellow wine was ladled from the keg, looking to see if there were any water at the bottom of the wine pot, and inspecting for themselves the immersion of the pot in hot water. Under such keen scrutiny, it was very difficult to dilute the wine. So after a few days my employer decided I was not suited for this work. Fortunately I had been recommended by someone influential, so he could not dismiss me, and I was transferred to the dull work of warming wine.
tavern
tavern /ˈtæv.ən/ 表示“小酒店”，英文解释为“a place where alcohol is sold and drunk”
ladle
ladle /ˈleɪ.dəl/ 表示“（用勺子）盛，舀”，英文解释为“to put soup or other liquid food into bowls to give to people, using a ladle”
immersion
immersion /ɪˈmɜː.ʃən/ 1）表示“沉浸式学习（法）”，英文解释为“the process of learning a language or skill by using nothing else but that language or skill”举个🌰：
We have all learned a complex set of grammar rules simply by immersion in a language since birth. 我们从一出生就沉浸在一门语言中，因此学会了一套复杂的语法规则。
2）表示“浸没（于液体中）”，英文解释为“the act of putting something or someone completely under the surface of a liquid”举个🌰：
They practise baptism by total immersion. 他们实行完全浸没式洗礼。
scrutiny
scrutiny /ˈskruːtɪnɪ/表示“细看，仔细审查；监视”，英文解释为“the careful and detailed examination of something in order to get information about it”举个🌰：
His private life came under media scrutiny. 他的私生活开始受到媒体的密切关注。
dilute
dilute /daɪˈluːt; daɪˈljuːt/ 1）表示“稀释；冲淡”，英文解释为“to make a liquid weaker by adding water or another liquid to it”举个🌰：
The paint can be diluted with water to make a lighter shade. 这颜料可用水稀释以使色度淡一些。
2）表示“减缓，减轻，缓冲”，英文解释为“to reduce the strength of a feeling, action, etc.”举个🌰：
These measures are designed to dilute public fears about the product's safety. 采取这些措施是为了减轻公众对该产品安全性的恐慌。
dismiss
我从此便整天的站在柜台里，专管我的职务。虽然没有什么失职，但总觉得有些单调，有些无聊。掌柜是一副凶脸孔，主顾也没有好声气，教人活泼不得；只有孔乙己到店，才可以笑几声，所以至今还记得。
Thenceforward I stood all day behind the counter, fully engaged with my duties. Although I gave satisfaction at this work, I found it monotonous and futile. Our employer was a fierce-looking individual, and the customers were a morose lot, so that it was impossible to be gay. Only when Kung I-chi came to the tavern could I laugh a little. That is why I still remember him.
monotonous
monotonous /məˈnɒt.ən.əs/ 表示“单调乏味的；毫无变化的”，英文解释为“not changing and therefore boring”如：a monotonous job 单调的工作。
futile
表示“（行动）无作用的；无效的；不成功的”，英文解释为“(of actions) having no effect or achieving nothing”举个🌰：
Attempts to get supplies to the region are futile. 往该地区运送物资的努力失败了。
morose
morose /məˈrəʊs/ 表示“阴郁的；脾气不好的；孤僻的”，英文解释为“unhappy, annoyed, and unwilling to speak or smile”如：a morose expression 阴郁的表情。
gay
gay /ɡeɪ/ 表示“欢快的，愉快的，快乐的”，英文解释为“happy”举个🌰：
We had a gay old time down at the dance hall. 我们在下面舞厅玩得开心极了。
孔乙己是站着喝酒而穿长衫的唯一的人。他身材很高大；青白脸色，皱纹间时常夹些伤痕；一部乱蓬蓬的花白的胡子。穿的虽然是长衫，可是又脏又破，似乎十多年没有补，也没有洗。他对人说话，总是满口之乎者也，教人半懂不懂的。因为他姓孔，别人便从描红纸上的"上大人孔乙己"这半懂不懂的话里，替他取下一个绰号，叫作孔乙己。孔乙己一到店，所有喝酒的人便都看着他笑，有的叫道，
Kung was the only long-gowned customer to drink his wine standing. He was a big man, strangely pallid, with scars that often showed among the wrinkles of his face. He had a large, unkempt beard, streaked with white. Although he wore a long gown, it was dirty and tattered, and looked as if it had not been washed or mended for over ten years. He used so many archaisms in his speech, it was impossible to understand half he said. As his surname was Kung, he was nicknamed "Kung I-chi," the first three characters in a children's copybook. Whenever he came into the shop, everyone would look at him and chuckle. And someone would call out:
pallid
pallid /ˈpæl.ɪd/ 表示“无血色的，病状的；无生气的，不够精彩的”，英文解释为“very pale, in a way that looks unhealthy and not attractive”举个🌰：
Next to his tanned face, hers seemed pallid and unhealthy. 与他那张晒得黑黑的脸相比，她的脸显得苍白不健康。
unkempt
unkempt /ʌnˈkempt/ 表示“不整洁的；凌乱的；没有打理的”，英文解释为“untidy; not cared for”如：an unkempt lawn 一片无人打理的草坪。
tattered
表示“（尤指布料或纸张）破烂的，破旧的”，英文解释为“(especially of cloth or paper) badly torn”举个🌰：
The flag was tattered and threadbare. 这面旗破烂不堪。
archaism
archaism /ɑːˈkeɪ.ɪ.zəm/ 表示“（一般不再使用的）古词，古语”，英文解释为“a word or expression that is not generally used any more”
下文出现形容词性：
archaic /ɑːˈkeɪ.ɪk/ 表示“古老的，古代的；原始的”，英文解释为“of or belonging to an ancient period in history”如：an archaic system of government 古老的政体。
"孔乙己，你脸上又添上新伤疤了！"
"Kung I-chi! There are some fresh scars on your face!"
他不回答，对柜里说，"温两碗酒，要一碟茴香豆。"便排出九文大钱。他们又故意的高声嚷道，
Ignoring this remark, Kung would come to the counter to order two bowls of heated wine and a dish of peas flavoured with aniseed. For this he produced nine coppers. Someone else would call out, in deliberately loud tones:
"你一定又偷了人家的东西了！"
"You must have been stealing again!"
孔乙己睁大眼睛说，"你怎么这样凭空污人清白……"
"Why ruin a man's good name groundlessly?" he would ask, opening his eyes wide.
"什么清白？我前天亲眼见你偷了何家的书，吊着打。"
"Pooh, good name indeed! The day before yesterday I saw you with my own eyes being hung up and beaten for stealing books from the Ho family!"
孔乙己便涨红了脸，额上的青筋条条绽出，争辩道，"窃书不能算偷……窃书！……读书人的事，能算偷么？"接连便是难懂的话，什么"君子固穷"，什么"者乎"之类，引得众人都哄笑起来：店内外充满了快活的空气。
Then Kung would flush, the veins on his forehead standing out as he remonstrated: "Taking a book can't be considered stealing, . . . Taking a book, the affair of a scholar, can't be considered stealing!" Then followed quotations from the classics, like "A gentleman keeps his integrity even in poverty," and a jumble of archaic expressions till everybody was roaring with laughter and the whole tavern was gay.
flush
flush /flʌʃ/ 作动词，表示“发红；脸红”，英文解释为“When you flush, you become red in the face, especially as a result of strong emotions, heat, or alcohol.”举个🌰：
She flushed with pleasure as she accepted the prize. 她领奖时高兴得红光满面。
作形容词，表示“有钱的，富有的”，英文解释为“having a lot of money”举个🌰：
I've just been paid so I'm feeling flush. 我刚领了薪水，所以感觉挺有钱的。
vein
1）表示“（说话、写作）风格；方式”，英文解释为“in a particular style of speaking or writing about something”举个🌰：
A number of other people commented in a similar vein. 其他一些人也以类似的腔调评论。
2）表示“特质；特征”，英文解释为“a particular quality or characteristic”举个🌰：
A vein of satirical anger runs through all his work. 在他的所有作品中，字里行间都充满了嬉笑怒骂。
3）表示“静脉”，英文解释为“a tube that carries blood to the heart from the other parts of the body”
remonstrate
remonstrate /ˈrem.ən.streɪt/ 表示“反对；抱怨”，英文解释为“to complain to someone or about something”举个🌰：
The editor remonstrated with him about the inaccuracies in the story. 编辑向他抱怨说故事中的几处不准确之处。
quotation
quotation /kwəʊˈteɪ.ʃən/ 表示“引语，引文，语录”，英文解释为“a phrase or short piece of writing taken from a longer work of literature, poetry, etc. or what someone else has said”
integrity
1）表示“完整”，英文解释为“the quality of being whole and complete”举个🌰：
A modern extension on the old building would ruin its architectural integrity. 在古老建筑物上附加扩建的现代建筑会破坏建筑风格的完整统一。
2）表示“正直；诚实；职业操守”，英文解释为“the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that you refuse to change”举个🌰：
No one doubted that the president was a man of the highest integrity. 没有人怀疑总裁是个光明磊落的人。
jumble
jumble /ˈdʒʌm.bəl/ 表示“杂乱的一堆；混乱的一团”，英文解释为“an untidy and confused mixture of things, feelings, or ideas”如：a jumble of thoughts/ideas 混乱的思想/想法，举个🌰：
He rummaged through the jumble of papers on his desk. 他在书桌上乱糟糟的一堆文件中翻找东西。
roar
1）表示“叫喊；大声地说”，英文解释为“to shout sth very loudly”举个🌰：
The fans roared (out) their approval. 崇拜者大声叫好。
2）表示“吼叫；咆哮”，英文解释为“to make a very loud, deep sound”举个🌰：
The engine roared to life (= started noisily). 发动机隆隆启动。
3）表示“呼啸而行；开得飞快”，英文解释为“to move very fast, making a lot of noise”举个🌰：
She put her foot down and the car roared away. 她踩下油门，车子呼啸而去。
听人家背地里谈论，孔乙己原来也读过书，但终于没有进学，又不会营生；于是愈过愈穷，弄到将要讨饭了。幸而写得一笔好字，便替人家钞钞书，换一碗饭吃。可惜他又有一样坏脾气，便是好吃懒做。坐不到几天，便连人和书籍纸张笔砚，一齐失踪。如是几次，叫他钞书的人也没有了。孔乙己没有法，便免不了偶然做些偷窃的事。但他在我们店里，品行却比别人都好，就是从不拖欠；虽然间或没有现钱，暂时记在粉板上，但不出一月，定然还清，从粉板上拭去了孔乙己的名字。
From gossip I heard, Kung I-chi had studied the classics but had never passed the official examination. With no way of making a living, he grew poorer and poorer, until he was practically reduced to beggary. Happily, he was a good calligrapher, and could get enough copying work to support himself. Unfortunately he had failings: he liked drinking and was lazy. So after a few days he would invariably disappear, taking books, paper, brushes and inkstone with him. After this had happened several times, nobody wanted to employ him as a copyist again. Then there was no alternative for him but to take to occasional pilfering. In our tavern his behaviour was exemplary. He never failed to pay up, although sometimes, when he had no ready money, his name would appear on the board where we listed debtors. However, in less than a month he would always settle, and his name would be wiped off the board again.
gossip
gossip /ˈɡɒsɪp/ 表示“流言飞语；闲言碎语”，英文解释为“informal talk or stories about other people's private lives, that may be unkind or not true”。
calligrapher
表示“书法家”，英文解释为“A calligrapher is a person skilled in the art of calligraphy.”
invariably
invariably /ɪnˈveə.ri.ə.bli/ 表示“总，老是”，相当于“always”举个🌰：
The train is invariably late. 火车总是晚点。
pilfer
pilfer /ˈpɪl.fər/ 表示“小偷小摸；一点一点地偷窃”，英文解释为“to steal things of small value”举个🌰：
He was caught pilfering (sweets) from the shop. 他在商店里偷窃（糖果）被抓住了。
exemplary
exemplary /ɪɡˈzem.plər.i/ 1）表示“（处罚）惩戒性的”，英文解释为“An exemplary punishment is severe and intended as a warning to others.”举个🌰：
The judge awarded exemplary damages. 法官判罚损害赔偿金，以儆效尤。
2）表示“优异的；值得效仿的；（可作）楷模的”，英文解释为“very good and suitable to be copied by other people”举个🌰：
His tact was exemplary, especially considering the circumstances. 他的策略堪称典范，尤其是考虑到当时的情形。
settle
1）表示“使处于舒适的位置；（舒舒服服地）坐下；安顿下来”，英文解释为“to make yourself or sb else comfortable in a new position”举个🌰：
Ellie settled back in her seat. 埃利舒适地靠着椅背坐下。
I settled her on the sofa and put a blanket over her. 我把她放在沙发上安顿好，给她盖了一条毯子。
2）表示“支付（尤指欠款或被索款项）；偿付；结算”，英文解释为“to pay, especially money that you owe”举个🌰：
Please settle your account/bill without further delay. 请立即付清账款/账单，勿再拖延。
孔乙己喝过半碗酒，涨红的脸色渐渐复了原，旁人便又问道，
After drinking half a bowl of wine, Kung would regain his composure. But then someone would ask:
composure
表示“镇静，沉着，泰然自若”，英文解释为“the feeling of being calm, confident, and in control”举个🌰：
I didn't want to lose my composure in front of her. 我不想在她面前失态。
"孔乙己，你当真认识字么？"
"Kung I-chi, do you really know how to read?"
孔乙己看着问他的人，显出不屑置辩的神气。他们便接着说道，"你怎的连半个秀才也捞不到呢？"
When Kung looked as if such a question were beneath contempt, they would continue: "How is it you never passed even the lowest official examination?"
contempt
表示“蔑视；鄙视；轻视；轻蔑”，英文解释为“a strong feeling of disliking and having no respect for someone or something”举个🌰：
At school she had complete contempt for all her teachers. 在学校读书时她对所有老师都不屑一顾。
孔乙己立刻显出颓唐不安模样，脸上笼上了一层灰色，嘴里说些话；这回可是全是之乎者也之类，一些不懂了。在这时候，众人也都哄笑起来：店内外充满了快活的空气。
At that Kung would look disconsolate and ill at ease. His face would turn pale and his lips move, but only to utter those unintelligible classical expressions. Then everybody would laugh heartily again, and the whole tavern would be merry.
disconsolate
disconsolate /dɪˈskɒn.səl.ət/ 表示“沮丧的，郁郁寡欢的”，英文解释为“extremely sad and disappointed”
utter
utter /ˈʌtə/ 表示“发出（声音）；说”，英文解释为“If someone utters sounds or words, they say them.”举个🌰：
He uttered a snorting laugh. 他扑哧一声笑了。
unintelligible
unintelligible /ˌʌn.ɪnˈtel.ɪ.dʒə.bəl/ 表示“莫名其妙的；无法理解的”，英文解释为“not able to be understood”举个🌰：
He muttered something unintelligible. 他嘴里不知咕哝些什么。
在这些时候，我可以附和着笑，掌柜是决不责备的。而且掌柜见了孔乙己，也每每这样问他，引人发笑。孔乙己自己知道不能和他们谈天，便只好向孩子说话。有一回对我说道，
At such times, I could join in the laughter without being scolded by my master. In fact he often put such questions to Kung himself, to evoke laughter. Knowing it was no use talking to them, Kung would chat to us children. Once he asked me:
scold
scold /skəʊld/ 表示“责骂，责备”，英文解释为“to speak to someone angrily because you disapprove of their behaviour”举个🌰：
His mother scolded him for breaking her favourite vase. 母亲因为他打碎了她最心爱的花瓶而责骂他。
evoke
表示“唤起（记忆）；引起（想法、情感、反应）”，英文解释为“To evoke a particular memory, idea, emotion, or response means to cause it to occur.”举个🌰：
The music evoked memories of her youth. 这乐曲勾起了她对青年时代的回忆。
"你读过书么？"我略略点一点头。他说，"读过书，……我便考你一考。茴香豆的茴字，怎样写的？"我想，讨饭一样的人，也配考我么？便回过脸去，不再理会。孔乙己等了许久，很恳切的说道，
"Have you had any schooling?" When I nodded, he said, "Well then, I'll test you. How do you write the character hui in hui-xiang (aniseed—Translator) peas?" I thought, "I'm not going to be tested by a beggar!" So I turned away and ignored him. After waiting for some time, he said very earnestly:
"不能写罢？……我教给你，记着！这些字应该记着。将来做掌柜的时候，写账要用。"
"You can't write it? I'll show you how. Mind you remember! You ought to remember such characters, because later when you have a shop of your own, you'll need them to make up your accounts."
我暗想我和掌柜的等级还很远呢，而且我们掌柜也从不将茴香豆上账；又好笑，又不耐烦，懒懒的答他道，
It seemed to me I was still very far from owning a shop; besides, our employer never entered hui-xiang peas in the account book. Amused yet exasperated, I answered listlessly:
exasperated
exasperated /ɪɡˈzɑːspəreɪtɪd/ 表示“恼怒的；烦恼的；愤怒的”，英文解释为“If you describe a person as exasperated, you mean that they are frustrated or angry because of something that is happening or something that another person is doing.”
listlessly
表示“无精打采地；冷淡地”，英文解释为“in a way that shows you have no energy and enthusiasm and are unwilling to do anything needing effort”。
"谁要你教，不是草头底下一个来回的回字么？"
"Who wants you as a teacher? Isn't it the character hui with the grass radical?"
孔乙己显出极高兴的样子，将两个指头的长指甲敲着柜台，点头说，"对呀对呀！……回字有四样写法，你知道么？"我愈不耐烦了，努着嘴走远。孔乙己刚用指甲蘸了酒，想在柜上写字，见我毫不热心，便又叹一口气，显出极惋惜的样子。
Kung was delighted, and tapped two long fingernails on the counter. "Right, right!" he said, nodding. "Only there are four different ways of writing hui. Do you know them?" My patience exhausted, I scowled and made off. Kung I-chi had dipped his finger in wine, in order to trace the characters on the counter; but when he saw how indifferent I was, he sighed and looked most disappointed.
scowl
scowl /skaʊl/ 表示“阴沉着脸看，怒目而视”，英文解释为“to look at someone or something with a very annoyed expression”举个🌰：
The boy scowled at her and reluctantly followed her back into school. 男孩对她阴沉着脸，很不情愿地跟着她回了学校。
dip
1）作动词，表示“涮，浸，蘸”，英文解释为“to put something into a liquid for a short time”举个🌰：
Dip the fish in the batter, then drop it into the hot oil. 先把鱼在面糊中浸一下，然后再放进热油中。
2）作动词，也可以作名词，表示“（通常指暂时的）减少，下降，衰退”，英文解释为“a decrease in the amount or success of sth, usually for only a short period”，如：a sharp dip in profits 利润急剧下降。
表示降低，减少的词经常出现，比如：
📍fall表示“（水平、数量、价格等，尤指较大幅度地）下跌，下降，降低”（to go down to a lower level, amount, price etc, especially a much lower one）
📍slide表示“（价格等）下滑，下跌”（if prices, amounts, rates etc slide, they become lower）
📍diminish表示“（使）减少，（使）减小”（to become or make something become smaller or less）
📍dwindle /ˈdwɪndəl/表示“逐渐减少，缩小，变小”（to gradually become less and less or smaller and smaller）举个🌰：The factory's workforce has dwindled from over 1,000 to a few hundred. 该厂的工人总数已从1000多减少到了几百人。
有几回，邻居孩子听得笑声，也赶热闹，围住了孔乙己。他便给他们茴香豆吃，一人一颗。孩子吃完豆，仍然不散，眼睛都望着碟子。孔乙己着了慌，伸开五指将碟子罩住，弯腰下去说道，
Sometimes children in the neighbourhood, hearing laughter, came to join in the fun, and surrounded Kung I-chi. Then he would give them peas flavoured with aniseed, one apiece. After eating the peas, the children would still hang round, their eyes on the dish. Flustered, he would cover the dish with his hand and, bending forward from the waist, would say:
apiece
apiece /əˈpiːs/ 表示“每个；每人；各”，英文解释为“each”举个🌰：
In good condition, dolls from this period sell for ¥100 apiece. 这个时期的玩偶，如果保存完好的话，每个可以卖到100元。
flustered
flustered /ˈflʌs.təd/ 表示“心烦意乱的；慌张的；紧张的”，英文解释为“upset and confused”举个🌰：
She seemed a little flustered. 她似乎有点儿紧张。
"不多了，我已经不多了。"直起身又看一看豆，自己摇头说，"不多不多！多乎哉？不多也。"于是这一群孩子都在笑声里走散了。孔乙己是这样的使人快活，可是没有他，别人也便这么过。
"There isn't much. I haven't much as it is." Then straightening up to look at the peas again, he would shake his head. "Not much! Verily, not much, forsooth!" Then the children would scamper off, with shouts of laughter. Kung I-chi was very good company, but we got along all right without him too.
verily
verily /ˈver.əl.i/ 表示“真正地；真实地”，英文解释为“in a completely honest way”
forsooth
表示“（用以强调，尤为表示惊讶）实在，确实”，英文解释为“used to emphasize a statement, especially in order to show surprise”
scamper
表示“（儿童或小动物）蹦蹦跳跳；惊惶奔跑”，英文解释为“When small children and animals scamper, they run with small quick steps.”举个🌰：
The children scampered off into the garden. 孩子们蹦蹦跳跳跑进了花园。
有一天，大约是中秋前的两三天，掌柜正在慢慢的结账，取下粉板，忽然说，"孔乙己长久没有来了。还欠十九个钱呢！"我才也觉得他的确长久没有来了。一个喝酒的人说道，
One day, a few days before the Mid-Autumn Festival, the tavern keeper was laboriously making out his accounts. Taking down the board from the wall, he suddenly said: "Kung I-chi hasn't been in for a long time. He still owes nineteen coppers!" That made me realize how long it was since we had seen him.
laboriously
表示“辛苦地；费力地；不流畅地”，英文解释为“in a way that needs a lot of time and effort”
"他怎么会来？……他打折了腿了。"掌柜说，
"How could he come?" one of the customers said. "His legs were broken in that last beating."
"哦！"
"Ah!"
"他总仍旧是偷。这一回，是自己发昏，竟偷到丁举人家里去了。他家的东西，偷得的么？"
"He was stealing again. This time he was fool enough to steal from Mr. Ting, the provincial scholar! As if anybody could get away with that!"
"后来怎么样？"
"What then?"
"怎么样？先写服辩，后来是打，打了大半夜，再打折了腿。"
"What then? First he had to write a confession, then he was beaten. The beating lasted nearly all night, until his legs were broken."
confession
confession /kənˈfeʃ.ən/ 1）表示“坦白；供认，招认；承认”，英文解释为“the act of admitting that you have done something wrong or illegal”举个🌰：
I have a confession to make - I've lost that book you lent me. 我有件事要坦白——我把你借给我的那本书丢了。
2）表示“忏悔，告罪”，英文解释为“an occasion when a Christian tells God or, especially in the Roman Catholic Church, tells a priest formally and privately, what they have done wrong so that they can be forgiven”
"后来呢？"
"And then?"
"后来打折了腿了。"
"Well, his legs were broken."
"打折了怎样呢？"
"Yes, but after that?"
"怎样？……谁晓得？许是死了。"
"After? . . . Who knows? He may be dead."
掌柜也不再问，仍然慢慢的算他的账。
The tavern keeper did not pursue his questions, but went on slowly making up his accounts.
中秋之后，秋风是一天凉比一天，看看将近初冬；我整天的靠着火，也须穿上棉袄了。一天的下半天，没有一个顾客，我正合了眼坐着。忽然间听得一个声音，
After the Mid-Autumn Festival the wind grew colder every day, as winter came on. Even though I spent all my time by the stove, I had to wear my padded jacket. One afternoon, when the shop was empty, I was sitting with my eyes closed when I heard a voice:
padded jacket
padded jacket /ˌpæd.ɪd ˈdʒæk.ɪt/ 表示“（分节缝制的）保暖夹克，衬垫夹克；棉袄”，英文解释为“a warm hip-length or waist-length coat filled with thick soft material sewn into sections”
down jacket 表示“羽绒服；羽绒外套”，英文解释为“a warm jacket filled with the soft feathers of a duck or a goose”
"温一碗酒。"
"Warm a bowl of wine."
这声音虽然极低，却很耳熟。看时又全没有人。站起来向外一望，那孔乙己便在柜台下对了门槛坐着。他脸上黑而且瘦，已经不成样子；穿一件破夹袄，盘着两腿，下面垫一个蒲包，用草绳在肩上挂住；见了我，又说道，
The voice was very low, yet familiar. But when I looked up, there was no one in sight. I stood up and looked towards the door, and there, facing the threshold, beneath the counter, sat Kung I-chi. His face was haggard and lean, and he looked in a terrible condition. He had on a ragged lined jacket, and was sitting cross-legged on a mat which was attached to his shoulders by a straw rope. When he saw me, he repeated:
haggard
haggard /ˈhæɡ.əd/ 表示“憔悴的，形容枯槁的”，英文解释为“looking ill or tired, often with dark skin under the eyes”举个🌰：
He'd been drinking the night before and was looking a bit haggard. 他前一天晚上喝了酒，看起来有点憔悴。
lean
作动词，表示“（使）倾斜，（使）向一侧歪斜”，英文解释为“to (cause to) slope in one direction, or to move the top part of the body in a particular direction”举个🌰：
She leaned forward and whispered something in my ear. 她俯身过来和我耳语了几句。
📍在不吃晚饭真的能瘦吗？文中提到，lean作形容词，表示“肉少的；瘦且健康的”，英文解释为“without much flesh; thin and fit”如：a lean, muscular body 清瘦而肌肉发达的身体。
ragged
ragged /ˈræɡ.ɪd/ 1）表示“（衣服）破旧的，破烂的，不整齐的”，英文解释为“(of clothes) torn and not in good condition”举个🌰：
The children were wearing dirty, ragged clothes. 孩子们身上的衣服又脏又破。
2）表示“（人）邋遢的，不整洁的，衣衫褴褛的”，英文解释为“(of a person) untidy, dirty, and wearing old, torn clothes
"温一碗酒。"
"Warm a bowl of wine."
掌柜也伸出头去，一面说，"孔乙己么？你还欠十九个钱呢！"
At this point my employer leaned over the counter and said: "Is that Kung I-chi? You still owe nineteen coppers!"
孔乙己很颓唐的仰面答道，"这……下回还清罢。这一回是现钱，酒要好。"
"That . . . I'll settle next time," replied Kung, looking up disconsolately. "Here's ready money; the wine must be good."
ready money
ready money /ˌred.i ˈmʌn.i/ 表示“现钱，现款；现金”，英文解释为“money that is available to be spent immediately”
掌柜仍然同平常一样，笑着对他说，
The tavern keeper, just as in the past, chuckled and said:
"孔乙己，你又偷了东西了！"
"Kung I-chi, you've been stealing again!"
但他这回却不十分分辩，单说了一句"不要取笑！"
But instead of protesting vigorously, the other simply said:"You like your joke."
"取笑？要是不偷，怎么会打断腿？"
"Joke? If you didn't steal, why did they break your legs?"
孔乙己低声说道，"跌断，跌，跌……"他的眼色，很像恳求掌柜，不要再提。此时已经聚集了几个人，便和掌柜都笑了。我温了酒，端出去，放在门槛上。他从破衣袋里摸出四文大钱，放在我手里，见他满手是泥，原来他便用这手走来的。不一会，他喝完酒，便又在旁人的说笑声中，坐着用这手慢慢走去了。
"I fell," said Kung in a low voice. "I broke them in a fall." His eyes pleaded with the tavern keeper to let the matter drop. By now several people had gathered round, and they all laughed. I warmed the wine, carried it over, and set it on the threshold. He produced four coppers from his ragged coat pocket, and placed them in my hand. As he did so I saw that his hands were covered with mud—he must have crawled here on them. Presently he finished the wine and, amid the laughter and comments of the others, slowly dragged himself off by his hands.
plead
1）表示“恳求”，英文解释为“If you plead with someone to do something, you ask them in an intense, emotional way to do it.”举个🌰：
The lady pleaded with her daughter to come back home. 那位女士恳求她的女儿回家。
2）表示“（尤指在法庭上）为…辩护；申辩；认（罪）”，英文解释为“to make a statement of what you believe to be true, especially in support of something or someone or when someone has been accused in a law court”举个🌰：
The defendant pleaded not guilty/innocent to robbery with violence. 被告不承认暴力抢劫。
自此以后，又长久没有看见孔己。到了年关，掌柜取下粉板说，"孔乙己还欠十九个钱呢！"到第二年的端午，又说"孔乙己还欠十九个钱呢！"到中秋可是没有说，再到年关也没有看见他。
A long time went by after that without our seeing Kung again. At the end of the year, when the tavern keeper took down the board, he said, "Kung I-chi still owes nineteen coppers!" At the Dragon Boat Festival the next year, he said the same thing again. But when the Mid-Autumn Festival came, he did not mention it. And another New Year came round without our seeing any more of him.
我到现在终于没有见---大约孔乙己的确死了。
Nor have I ever seen him since—probably Kung I-chi is really dead.
一九一九年三月
March 1919
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2015年2月8日
2023年3月18日
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