老师真正需要的是____
涨薪、降压、减负、尊重、理解……
少一些形式主义，少一些填表、材料、开会、评比、检查……
你觉得呢？
🤔️小作业：
1. What can be inferred about teachers' job satisfaction compared to a decade ago?
a) It has remained consistently high.
b) It has significantly increased.
c) It has decreased but is now starting to recover.
d) It has always been lower than other professions.
a) 46% b) 54%
c) 73% d) 27%
无注释原文：
What’s Happening to Teacher Stress Levels
From: Education Week
June 21, 2023
Teachers are feeling happier at work than in previous years—but they’re still nearly twice as likely as other working adults to experience frequent job-related stress.
That’s according to the RAND Corp., a nonpartisan research organization that took the pulse of a nationally representative sample of teachers in January. The survey found that, while teachers’ stress levels have rebounded since the start of the pandemic, the job still carries significant challenges. About a quarter of teachers said they were likely to leave their job at the end of this current school year, though it remains to be seen how many actually will.
Among the teachers who want to leave, 70 percent said it was because the stresses and disappointments of teaching were not worth it.
Nearly half of the teachers said their top source of job-related stress was managing student behavior, which past surveys have indicated has worsened since the pandemic-related school shutdowns. In fact, 26 percent of teachers reported that they feared for their physical safety at school, mostly because their students misbehave or have verbal altercations.
The survey results come from a sample of 1,439 teachers, as well as 527 working adults. Black and Hispanic teachers were oversampled in the survey. This was the third year in a row that RAND researchers have conducted a similar survey of teachers.
Black teachers in particular were significantly more likely to report burnout than white teachers and were also more likely to say they intended to leave their jobs by the end of the 2022-23 school year.
“This is something that is very concerning to us,” said Elizabeth Steiner, a policy researcher at the RAND Corp. and an author of the report. The data, she said, is “a pattern that plays out in real life. Black teachers do turn over [and] leave their jobs at higher rates than white teachers.”
Seventy-two percent of Black teachers who were considering leaving said that a low salary was a top reason, compared with 57 percent of white teachers.
The teaching profession is 80 percent white, and Black teachers make up just 6 percent of the workforce.
Well-being indicators show some improvement
The RAND results echo what an EdWeek Research Center and Winston School of Education and Social Policy at Merrimack College survey found in January, too: Teacher job satisfaction levels have increased this year, but they’re still down from a decade ago.
In the RAND survey, 58 percent of teachers said they experience frequent job-related stress—a 20 percentage point reduction from 2021.
Other indicators improved, too: Twenty percent of teachers reported experiencing symptoms of depression in 2023, compared to 27 percent in 2021. And this year, 27 percent of teachers said they didn’t feel resilient, meaning they bounce back quickly after stressful or hard times, compared to 54 percent last year.
Yet even though teacher well-being has improved, it is still worse than the general population of employed adults on some indicators. For instance, just a third of other workers said they experience frequent job-related stress.
The RAND survey found that three-quarters of teachers reported having access to at least one type of support for mental health or well-being from their employer, health insurance, or professional association. That’s 11 percentage points higher than last year, which Steiner called “encouraging.”
Still, 46 percent of teachers said those results were inadequate. When asked why, many teachers said they needed class coverage or enough paid leave so they could access mental health support during the day.
- ◆ -
注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考
含注释全文：
What's Happening to Teacher Stress Levels
From: Education Week
June 21, 2023
Teachers are feeling happier at work than in previous years—but they're still nearly twice as likely as other working adults to experience frequent job-related stress.
与前几年相比，教师在工作中的幸福感有所上升，但他们频繁感受到的工作压力几乎是其他在职成年人的两倍。
That's according to the RAND Corp., a nonpartisan research organization that took the pulse of a nationally representative sample of teachers in January. The survey found that, while teachers' stress levels have rebounded since the start of the pandemic, the job still carries significant challenges. About a quarter of teachers said they were likely to leave their job at the end of this current school year, though it remains to be seen how many actually will.
这是根据中立研究机构兰德公司（RAND Corp.）在今年1月对全美代表性教师进行的一项调查结果。调查发现，尽管教师的压力水平已经从疫情开始时的某个极端状态恢复，但这一工作仍然面临巨大挑战。大约四分之一的教师表示，他们可能会在本学年结束时离职，但真正会离职的人数还有待观察。
nonpartisan
表示“无党派的，非党派的”，英文解释为“A person or group that is nonpartisan does not support or help a particular political party or group.”如：a non-partisan organization 非党派机构。
take the pulse of sb.
take the pulse of sb. / take sb's pulse字面意思表示“测（某人的）脉搏”，英文解释为“to hold someone's wrist and count how many times the heart beats in one minute”，可以解释为“判断意向：判断（例如，政治选民）的倾向或见解”，英文解释为“Try to determine the intentions or sentiments of a person or group.”
sample
表示“（用于检验、分析的）样本，试样”，英文解释为“A sample of a substance is a small amount of it that is examined and analysed scientifically.”举个🌰：They took samples of my blood. 他们采了我的血样。
rebound
表示“弹回；反弹；跳回”，英文解释为“the act of rebounding”举个🌰：I hit the ball on the rebound (= after it had hit the wall or ground once). 球反弹回来时被我击中了。
pandemic
韦氏词典2020年度词汇：Pandemic. 韦氏词典官方给出的释义为：an outbreak of a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area (such as multiple countries or continents) and typically affects a significant proportion of the population. 指的是疾病的爆发，所发生的地域广阔（如多个国家或大洲），通常影响很大一部分人口。
1）作名词，表示“（全国或全球性）流行病；大流行病”，英文解释为“a disease that spreads over a whole country or the whole world”；
2）作形容词，表示“（疾病）大规模流行的，广泛蔓延的”，英文解释为“(of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or plants”举个🌰：In some parts of the world malaria is still pandemic. 在世界上一些地区疟疾仍在大规模流行。
对比：
📍epidemic表示“流行病”，英文解释为“a large number of cases of a particular disease happening at the same time in a particular community”，如：the outbreak of a flu epidemic 流感的爆发。
Among the teachers who want to leave, 70 percent said it was because the stresses and disappointments of teaching were not worth it.
在想要离职的教师中，70%的人表示，教学中的压力和失望让他们感觉不值得。
Nearly half of the teachers said their top source of job-related stress was managing student behavior, which past surveys have indicated has worsened since the pandemic-related school shutdowns. In fact, 26 percent of teachers reported that they feared for their physical safety at school, mostly because their students misbehave or have verbal altercations.
近半数教师表示，他们工作压力的首要来源是管理学生行为，而过去的调查显示，自疫情导致学校停课以来，这一情况已经恶化。事实上，26%的教师表示，他们担心自己在学校的人身安全，主要是因为学生行为不端或发生口角。
misbehave
misbehave /ˌmɪs.bɪˈheɪv/ 1）表示“举止失礼；行为不端”，英文解释为“to behave badly”举个🌰：I was always getting in trouble for misbehaving at school. 我总是因为在学校里行为不端而惹上麻烦。
2）表示“发生故障，失灵”，英文解释为“If machines misbehave, they do not operate as they should.”举个🌰：If computer circuits are allowed to overheat they will misbehave . 如果计算机电路过热，就会出现故障。
verbal
verbal /ˈvɜːbəl/ 1）表示“口头的”，英文解释为“You use verbal to indicate that something is expressed in speech rather than in writing or action.”举个🌰：They were jostled and subjected to a torrent of verbal abuse. 他们被推来搡去，并受到了潮水般的辱骂。
2）表示“词语的；文字的”，英文解释为“You use verbal to indicate that something is connected with words and the use of words.”举个🌰：The test has scores for verbal skills, mathematical skills, and abstract reasoning skills. 该项测试对文字表达技能、数学技能和抽象推理技能进行记分。
🎬电影《旗鼓相当》（Grudge Match）中的台词提到：And I say, "Well, women are more verbal than men." 然后我说“女人比男人更善于言辞。”
altercation
altercation /ˌɒl.təˈkeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“争辩；争吵；口角”，英文解释为“a loud argument or disagreement”举个🌰：According to witnesses, the altercation between the two men started inside the restaurant. 据目击者说，两人之间的口角是在饭店内开始的。
The survey results come from a sample of 1,439 teachers, as well as 527 working adults. Black and Hispanic teachers were oversampled in the survey. This was the third year in a row that RAND researchers have conducted a similar survey of teachers.
调查样本来自1,439名教师以及527名在职成年人。在调查中，黑人和西班牙裔教师的抽样比例偏高。这是兰德公司研究人员连续三年对教师进行类似的调查。
Hispanic
Hispanic /hɪˈspæn.ɪk/ 表示“西班牙（人）的；西班牙语言（文化）的；（尤指拉丁美洲）西班牙语国家的”，英文解释为“connected with Spain or Spanish-speaking countries, especially those countries in Latin America”
Black teachers in particular were significantly more likely to report burnout than white teachers and were also more likely to say they intended to leave their jobs by the end of the 2022-23 school year.
特别是黑人教师比白人教师更容易感受到职业过劳，并更有可能表示他们打算在2022-23学年结束时离职。
burnout
表示“极度劳累；疲劳过度”，英文解释为“extreme tiredness usually caused by working too much”如：employees complaining of/suffering burn-out 抱怨/感到极度劳累的员工。
根据世界卫生组织，职业过劳（Occupational burnout）是一种由慢性工作压力导致的症候群，症状包含“精神耗尽、对工作的心理距离增加、对工作的负面感觉、以及工作效率的减少”。职业过劳不被归类为一种医学疾病。
“This is something that is very concerning to us,” said Elizabeth Steiner, a policy researcher at the RAND Corp. and an author of the report. The data, she said, is “a pattern that plays out in real life. Black teachers do turn over [and] leave their jobs at higher rates than white teachers.”
“这令我们非常担忧，”该报告作者之一、兰德公司政策研究员伊丽莎白·施泰纳（Elizabeth Steiner）说。她表示，数据显示“现实生活中确实有这样的趋势。黑人教师的离职率确实比白人教师高。”
Seventy-two percent of Black teachers who were considering leaving said that a low salary was a top reason, compared with 57 percent of white teachers.
考虑离职的黑人教师中，有72%表示低薪是首要原因，而白人教师中持这一观点的比例为57%。
The teaching profession is 80 percent white, and Black teachers make up just 6 percent of the workforce.
教师队伍中，80%是白人，而黑人教师仅占劳动力的6%。
Well-being indicators show some improvement 幸福感指数有所改善
The RAND results echo what an EdWeek Research Center and Winston School of Education and Social Policy at Merrimack College survey found in January, too: Teacher job satisfaction levels have increased this year, but they're still down from a decade ago.
兰德公司的调查结果与今年1月《教育周刊》研究中心和梅里马克学院（Merrimack College）的温斯顿教育与社会政策学院（Winston School of Education and Social Policy）的调查结果相呼应：教师的工作满意度今年有所上升，但仍低于十年前。
echo
作动词，表示“重复，附和；使产生似曾相识的感觉”，英文解释为“If you echo someone's words, you repeat them or express agreement with their attitude or opinion.”举个🌰：Their views often echo each other. 他们的见解常常彼此附和。
作名词，1）表示“回声，回音，回响”，英文解释为“a sound that is heard after it has been reflected off a surface such as a wall or a cliff”举个🌰：The echoes of his scream sounded in the cave for several seconds. 他的尖叫声在洞中回荡了好几秒钟。
2）表示“十分相似的东西；如出一辙的事物；仿效”，英文解释为“a detail that is similar to and makes you remember something else”举个🌰：There are echoes of Mozart in her first piano compositions. 她最早创作的钢琴曲有些地方模仿了莫扎特。
In the RAND survey, 58 percent of teachers said they experience frequent job-related stress—a 20 percentage point reduction from 2021.
兰德公司的调查中，58%的教师表示他们频繁感受到工作相关压力，这比2021年下降了20个百分点。
Other indicators improved, too: Twenty percent of teachers reported experiencing symptoms of depression in 2023, compared to 27 percent in 2021. And this year, 27 percent of teachers said they didn't feel resilient, meaning they bounce back quickly after stressful or hard times, compared to 54 percent last year.
其他指标也有所改善：与2021年的27%相比，2023年有20%的教师报告称他们出现了抑郁症状。而今年，有27%的教师表示自己缺乏应对压力或困难后迅速恢复的能力，而去年这一比例为54%。
indicator
表示“指标”，英文解释为“something that shows what a situation is like”举个🌰：Commodity prices can be a useful indicator of inflation. 商品价格可以作为一种有用的通货膨胀指标。
resilient
表示“有弹性的；能复原的；有复原力的；适应性强的”，英文解释为“able to quickly return to a previous good condition”举个🌰：She's a resilient girl - she won't be unhappy for long. 她是个适应力很强的女孩儿——她不会长时间沉浸于悲伤之中的。
Yet even though teacher well-being has improved, it is still worse than the general population of employed adults on some indicators. For instance, just a third of other workers said they experience frequent job-related stress.
尽管教师的幸福感有所改善，但在某些指标上，与在职成年人的总体水平相比，仍然较差。例如，只有三分之一的其他工作职工表示他们频繁感受到工作相关的压力。
The RAND survey found that three-quarters of teachers reported having access to at least one type of support for mental health or well-being from their employer, health insurance, or professional association. That's 11 percentage points higher than last year, which Steiner called “encouraging.”
兰德公司的调查发现，四分之三的教师表示，他们从雇主、医疗保障或专业协会获得了至少一种心理健康或幸福方面的支持。与去年相比，这一比例提高了11个百分点，施泰纳称这是“令人鼓舞的”。
Still, 46 percent of teachers said those results were inadequate. When asked why, many teachers said they needed class coverage or enough paid leave so they could access mental health support during the day.
然而，仍有46%的教师表示这些结果是不够的。当被问到原因时，许多教师表示，当他们需要在工作日内获得心理健康支持时，还需要有人可以代课或有足够的带薪假。
class coverage
class coverage在这里指的是当某个教师因某种原因（如病假、培训或其他原因）不能上课时，由其他教师或代课教师来代替他/她上课的安排。所以，class coverage可以翻译为“代课安排”或“课程替代安排”。在这个上下文中，它意味着教师希望当他们需要在工作日内获得心理健康支持时，有其他教师可以代替他们上课。
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