刚刚，2023年诺贝尔文学奖揭晓
北京时间10月5日19:00，2023年诺贝尔文学奖揭晓：挪威作家约恩·福瑟（Jon Fosse）获奖，因其创新性的戏剧和散文表达了无法言说的心声。（for his innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable）
🤔️小作业：
1. How was the information about Jon Fosse winning the Nobel Prize disseminated?
a) Solely via online livestream
b) Through a traditional ceremony and online
c) By sending personal invitations
d) Through an official Nobel Foundation newsletter
2. What is suggested about Jon Fosse’s approach to writing?
a) Haruki Murakami
b) Salman Rushdie
c) Annie Ernaux
d) Margaret Atwood
无注释原文：
Norwegian author and playwright Jon Fosse awarded Nobel Prize in Literature
From: The Independent
Norwegian writer was given the prize ‘for his innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable'.
Norwegian author and playwright Jon Fosse has been awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature.
The author was announced as the winner in a ceremony at the Swedish Academy in Stockholm on Thursday (5 October), which was also livestreamed online.
The prize consists of a gold medal, diploma and cash sum, and is awarded each year to “to the person who, in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction”. The value of the monetary prize changes from year to year, based on the Nobel Foundation's finances.
Fosse was informed of the win via telephone. “Not every laureate believes me when I make the call,” the announcer said, “but he was prepared to have confidence until one o'clock. He was driving in the countryside in Norway, and we had the opportunity to start speaking about practical matters for the Nobel week in December.”
Over the course of his career, Fosse, 64, had written more than 40 acclaimed works.
In the words of the Swedish Academy, he "blends the nature of his Norwegian background with artistic technique" and is commended for "exposing human anxiety and ambivalence at its core" in his works.
His 2022 novel A New Name: Septology VI-VII, translated into English by Damion Searls, was shortlisted for the International Booker Prize.
While nominees are not announced in advance – in fact, the full nominees list is not revealed to the public until 50 years have passed – this year's frontrunners had been tipped to include British-Indian novelist Salman Rushdie, 76, Canadian writer Margaret Atwood, 83, Japan's Haruki Murakami, 74, Chinese writer Can Xue, 70, and Romania's Mircea Cartarescu, 67.
Last year, the prize was given to French author Annie Ernaux, known for writing La Place and Les Années.
The announcement comes amid a week of other Nobel announcements. On Monday (2 October), the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Katalin Kariko (Hungary) and Drew Weissman (US) for their work that led to the development of the first mRNA Covid vaccines.
Tuesday saw the Physics prize go to Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L'Huillier, who collectively made breakthroughs in “experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter”.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded the following day to scientists Moungi Bawendi, Louis Brus and Alexei Ekimov “for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots”, which have applications in computer technology and healthcare. The news was, however, announced early in a rare blunder for the organisation.
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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Norwegian author and playwright Jon Fosse awarded Nobel Prize in Literature
From: The Independent
Norwegian writer was given the prize ‘for his innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable'.
挪威作家因其创新性的戏剧和散文表达了无法言说的心声而获奖。
prose
prose /prəʊz/ 表示“散文”，英文解释为“written language in its ordinary form rather than poetry”举个🌰：I've always preferred reading prose to poetry. 我一直更偏爱读散文而不是诗歌。
unsayable
表示“无法言说；不好说的”，英文解释为“Unsayable things should not be said because they are too shocking, rude, painful, etc.”
Norwegian author and playwright Jon Fosse has been awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature.
挪威作家兼剧作家约恩·福瑟（Jon Fosse）荣获2023年诺贝尔文学奖。
playwright
playwright /ˈpleɪ.raɪt/ 表示“剧作家”，英文解释为“a person who writes plays”
literature
literature /ˈlɪt.rə.tʃər/ 1）表示“文献，文献资料”，英文解释为“all the information relating to a subject, especially information written by experts”
2）表示“文学；（尤指有传世价值的）文学作品”，英文解释为“written artistic works, especially those with a high and lasting artistic value”如：classical/modern literature 古典/现代文学。
The author was announced as the winner in a ceremony at the Swedish Academy in Stockholm on Thursday (5 October), which was also livestreamed online.
周四（10月5日），在斯德哥尔摩瑞典学院（Swedish Academy）举行的颁奖仪式上，约恩·福瑟成为今年诺贝尔文学奖得主，颁奖仪式也在网上进行了直播。
livestream
livestream/live-stream 表示“互联网直播，线上直播，流直播”，英文解释为“to broadcast video and sound of an event over the internet as it happens, or to be broadcast in this way”。
The prize consists of a gold medal, diploma and cash sum, and is awarded each year to “to the person who, in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction”. The value of the monetary prize changes from year to year, based on the Nobel Foundation's finances.
该奖项包括一枚金质奖章、一份证书和一笔奖金，每年都会颁给“在文学领域，创作了最杰出的、具有理想主义方向作品的人”。每年的奖金金额会根据诺贝尔基金会的财务状况而有所变化。
diploma
diploma /dɪˈpləʊ.mə/ 表示“学位证书；大学文凭”，英文解释为“a document given by a college or university to show that you have passed a particular exam or finished your studies”如：a diploma in business studies 商学文凭，a high school diploma 高中毕业证书。
idealistic
idealistic /ˌaɪ.dɪəˈlɪs.tɪk/ 表示“理想主义的，空想的”，英文解释为“believing that very good things can be achieved, often when this does not seem likely to other people”举个🌰：When I was young and idealistic I believed it was possible to change the world. 我年轻时是个理想主义者，我相信改变世界是可能的。
Fosse was informed of the win via telephone. “Not every laureate believes me when I make the call,” the announcer said, “but he was prepared to have confidence until one o'clock. He was driving in the countryside in Norway, and we had the opportunity to start speaking about practical matters for the Nobel week in December.”
约恩·福瑟是通过电话得知他获奖的。“并非每个获奖者都会相信我打电话通知时说的话，”该奖项颁布者表示，“但他选择相信，直到1点前（诺贝尔文学奖正式宣布的时间）都相信。当时他正在挪威的乡间开车，我们便开始讨论12月诺贝尔周的具体安排。”
laureate
laureate /ˈlɔːrɪɪt/ 表示“荣誉获得者；获奖者”，英文解释为“a person who has been given an official honour or prize for sth important they have achieved”，如：a Nobel laureate 诺贝尔奖获得者。
Over the course of his career, Fosse, 64, had written more than 40 acclaimed works.
现年64岁的福瑟在其职业生涯中创作了40多部广受赞誉的作品。
acclaimed
表示“备受推崇的，广受欢迎的”，英文解释为“publicly praised by a lot of people”举个🌰：His work was critically acclaimed（=praised by people who are paid to give their opinion on art, music etc）. 他的作品备受评论家推崇。
In the words of the Swedish Academy, he "blends the nature of his Norwegian background with artistic technique" and is commended for "exposing human anxiety and ambivalence at its core" in his works.
用瑞典学院的话说，他“将其挪威背景的本质与艺术技巧融为一体”，并因在作品中“揭示了人类焦虑和矛盾心理的核心”而受到称赞。
blend
blend /blend/ 表示“（使）混合，（使）混杂;（使）交融”，英文解释为“to mix or combine together”举个🌰：Blend the ingredients into a smooth paste. 将这些原料混和成均匀的糊状。
commend
表示“赞扬，称赞，表彰”，英文解释为“to formally praise someone or something”举个🌰：The judge commended her for/on her bravery. 法官称赞了她的勇敢。
📍再看recommend这个词，是不是更清晰了，re-commend不断的表扬-->是不是就有“推荐，介绍；劝告；建议”的含义了。
ambivalence
ambivalence /æmˈbɪv.ə.ləns/ 表示“举棋不定，矛盾情绪；正反感情并存”，英文解释为“the simultaneous existence of two opposed and conflicting attitudes, emotions, etc”
His 2022 novel A New Name: Septology VI-VII, translated into English by Damion Searls, was shortlisted for the International Booker Prize.
2022年，他的小说《新名称：七部曲6-7》（A New Name: Septology VI-VII）被达米恩·塞尔斯（Damion Searls）翻译成英文，入围布克国际文学奖。
shortlist
表示“最终候选名单，决选名单；入围名单”，英文解释为“a list of people who have been judged the most suitable for a job or prize, made from a longer list of people originally considered, and from which one person will be chosen”举个🌰：We've drawn up (= decided) a shortlist for the job. 我们已经确定了该职位的最终候选名单。
📍美式：short list是分开的。有shortlist就有longlist，意思就是“初选名单”（A long-list for something such as a job or a prize is a large group that has been chosen from all the people who applied for the job, or all the people or things that are competing for the prize. The successful ones from this group are chosen to go on the shortlist.）
同时，两个词都可以作为动词，比如shortlist作动词，表示“把…列入入围名单”举个🌰：Candidates who are shortlisted for interview will be contacted by the end of the week. 入围参加面试的求职者将在周末以前得到通知。
While nominees are not announced in advance – in fact, the full nominees list is not revealed to the public until 50 years have passed – this year's frontrunners had been tipped to include British-Indian novelist Salman Rushdie, 76, Canadian writer Margaret Atwood, 83, Japan's Haruki Murakami, 74, Chinese writer Can Xue, 70, and Romania's Mircea Cartarescu, 67.
虽然提名者的名单不会提前公布——实际上，完整提名名单要等到50年后才会向公众公布——但今年被认为有可能获奖的作家包括76岁的英裔印度小说家萨尔曼·拉什迪（Salman Rushdie）、83岁的加拿大作家玛格丽特·阿特伍德（Margaret Atwood）、74岁的日本作家村上春树（Haruki Murakami）、70岁的中国作家残雪（Can Xue）和67岁的罗马尼亚作家米尔恰·卡塔雷斯库（Mircea Cartarescu）。
nominee
nominee /ˌnɒmɪˈniː/ 表示“候选人；被提名人”，英文解释为“A nominee is someone who is nominated for a job, position, or award.”如：an Oscar nominee 获得奥斯卡提名的人。
frontrunner
表示“（比赛、竞赛中的）领先者；赛跑中跑在前头的人；最有可能获胜者”，英文解释为“In a competition or contest, the front-runner is the person who seems most likely to win it.”举个🌰：She is one of the front-runners in the contest. 她是竞赛中的领先者之一。
tip
作名词表示「小费」大家比较熟悉，也可以表示“（尤指细长物体的）末梢，末端，尖；（尤指细长物体的）顶端附加物”，英文解释为“the usually pointed end of something, especially something that is long and thin”举个🌰：We had asparagus tips for dinner. 我们晚饭吃了芦笋尖。
tip在花滑将禁止17岁以下选手参赛文中出现：Valieva, who had been tipped for a gold medal, finished fourth. 曾被看好获得金牌的瓦里耶娃获得了第四名。这里作动词，也是熟词僻义，表示“称…有可能成功”，英文解释为“to say that someone is likely to be successful or achieve something”举个🌰：He is being tipped as the next prime minister. 据称，他有可能成为下一任首相。
Last year, the prize was given to French author Annie Ernaux, known for writing La Place and Les Années.
去年，诺贝尔文学奖授予法国作者安妮·埃尔诺（Annie Ernaux），她因创作《一个男人的位置》（La Place）和《悠悠岁月》（Les années）而闻名。
The announcement comes amid a week of other Nobel announcements. On Monday (2 October), the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Katalin Kariko (Hungary) and Drew Weissman (US) for their work that led to the development of the first mRNA Covid vaccines.
本周正是诺贝尔奖开奖周。周一（10月2日），诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予匈牙利的卡塔琳·考里科（Katalin Karikó）和美国的德鲁·韦斯曼（Drew Weissman），以表彰他们推动了首款mRNA新冠疫苗的研发。
physiology
physiology /ˌfɪzɪˈɒlədʒɪ/ 表示“生理学”，英文解释为“(the scientific study of) the way in which the bodies of living things work”。
Tuesday saw the Physics prize go to Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L'Huillier, who collectively made breakthroughs in “experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter”.
周二，诺贝尔物理学奖授予皮埃尔·阿戈斯蒂尼（Pierre Agostini）、费伦茨·克劳斯（Ferenc Krausz）和安妮·吕利耶（Anne L'Huillier），他们共同在“用于产生阿秒光脉冲以研究物质中电子动力学的实验方法”上取得了突破。
pulse
pulse /pʌls/ 1）表示“脉搏”，英文解释为“the regular beating of the heart, especially when it is felt at the wrist or side of the neck”举个🌰：The child's pulse was strong/weak. 那个孩子的脉搏很有力/虚弱。
2）表示“（声波或光波的）脉冲”，英文解释为“a short period of energy that is repeated regularly, such as a short, loud sound or a short flash of light”举个🌰：The data, normally transmitted electronically, can be changed into pulses of light. 这一数据通常是电子传送的，现在可被改为光波脉冲。
electron
electron /iˈlek.trɒn/ 表示“电子”，英文解释为“an extremely small piece of matter with a negative electrical charge”
dynamics
dynamics /daɪˈnæm.ɪks/ 表示“动力；动力学，力学”，英文解释为“forces that produce movement；the scientific study of the forces that produce movement”举个🌰：This software is used for modelling atmospheric dynamics. 这个软件用于模拟空气动力。
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded the following day to scientists Moungi Bawendi, Louis Brus and Alexei Ekimov “for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots”, which have applications in computer technology and healthcare. The news was, however, announced early in a rare blunder for the organisation.
周三，诺贝尔化学奖授予“发现和合成量子点”的科学家蒙吉·巴文迪（Moungi Bawendi）、路易斯·布鲁斯（Louis Brus）和阿列克谢·叶基莫夫（Alexei Ekimov）。量子点可应用于计算机技术和医疗保健领域。然而，极为罕见的是，今年诺贝尔化学奖被提前泄露。
synthesis
synthesis /ˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/ 表示“合成”，英文解释为“the production of a substance from simpler materials after a chemical reaction”
quantum
quantum /ˈkwɒn.təm/ 表示“量子”，英文解释为“the smallest amount or unit of something, especially energy”如：quantum theory 量子理论。
dot
dot /dɒt/ 1）表示“小圆点”，英文解释为“a very small round mark”举个🌰：The full stop at the end of this sentence is a dot. 这个句子末尾的句号是一个小圆点。
2）表示“（互联网、电子邮件地址或某些计算机文件所使用的句号的口语形式）点”，英文解释为“the spoken form of a full stop in an internet or email address, or some computer files”如：- What's the web address? - www dot learnandrecord dot com". 那个网址是什么? www.learnandrecord.com
📍乔布斯有一句经典的话，You can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. 你无法把点滴与未来联系，只能通过回顾才能看见。所以你必须相信过去的点滴能够串联未来。
blunder
blunder /ˈblʌn.dər/表示“（通常由于粗心或欠考虑而酿成的）大错；愚蠢错误，疏忽”，英文解释为“a serious mistake, usually caused by not taking care or thinking”举个🌰：I made a blunder by getting his name wrong. 我一疏忽，弄错了他的名字。
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