男性会得乳腺癌吗？
男性也会得乳腺癌吗？会的。据了解，在所有乳腺癌的确诊病例中，不到1%的患者为男性。
🤔️小作业：
1. According to the article, what aspect of male breast cancer is highlighted by the Male Scar Project?
A) The emotional and spiritual impact of the disease.
B) The physical disfigurement caused by the disease.
C) The effectiveness of various treatments.
D) The genetic factors contributing to the disease.
A) Through a routine medical check-up.
B) After noticing a lump in his chest.
C) Due to a family history of breast cancer.
D) Following his wife's diagnosis.
无注释原文：
When Men Get Breast Cancer
From: The New York TImes
FEBRUARY 24, 2014
Breast cancer is not always pink.
That is the message of a provocative new photography series featuring the faces, and scars, of men with breast cancer. The photos, by the New York-based fashion photographer David Jay, are part of his continuing Scar Project, a series of mostly black-and-white portraits that capture the devastation of breast cancer.
The vast majority of the photos in that project are of young women, shown topless with scars where their breasts used to be. The pictures, which are both shocking and beautiful, are featured in a traveling exhibition that will be on display next month in Toronto.
But most visitors to the Scar Project find the photos on the Internet, where they have been viewed by millions of people. One of those people is Oliver Bogler, a cancer biologist in Houston who found out that he had breast cancer 18 months ago after noticing a lump in his chest.
As in a woman's breast, the duct cells in a man's breast can undergo cancerous changes fueled by hormones that influence the growth of cells. It is not clear why some men get breast cancer while most do not, but risk factors include a family history of breast cancer, inherited gene mutations, radiation exposure, extended occupational exposure to certain chemicals or intense heat, obesity, liver disease, alcoholism, and other cancer treatments.
All of these factors can influence the level of hormones in a man's body and potentially spur breast cancer. That said, many men who develop breast cancer do not have any of these risk factors.
Fewer than 1 percent of breast cancers are diagnosed in men, but that is little comfort to the 2,400 men a year who learn they have the disease. For Dr. Bogler, 47, the diagnosis was particularly shocking because his wife had learned five years earlier that she had breast cancer.
“I struggled with the huge coincidence,” Dr. Bogler said. “We were both diagnosed when we were 46. It seemed a bit unlikely. I couldn't imagine having this conversation with her, either: 'Honey, I think I have what you have.' ”
Like many cancer patients, Dr. Bogler found himself spending time online in hopes of learning more about his disease. He stumbled across the Scar Project and asked Mr. Jay if he would consider including men in the series. As a result, the Male Scar Project was created.
The photo of Dr. Bogler shows him next to a radiation machine, his chest covered with marker lines used to guide the radiation beam.
The photos of men with breast cancer are admittedly less jarring than those of women. One reason may be that it is less surprising to see a shirtless man, and the absence of his breast and nipple is not as immediately noticeable. But the portraits of the men are still haunting and show, in a more subtle way, the spiritual ravages of cancer.
The photos are also similar in that they capture both the vulnerability and the strength of breast cancer patients, regardless of their sex.
Dr. Bogler worked with Mr. Jay to include men in the Scar Project because he felt that more awareness was needed about the male experience with the disease. He also believes that more research into male breast cancer could help unlock new knowledge about the disease for both men and women.
Dr. Bogler added that while ovarian, uterine, prostate and testicular cancers are inherently gender-specific, breast cancer is no more gender-specific than lung or colon cancer.
“I was surprised to learn how little awareness there was for men,” he said. “Breast cancer is skewed toward women, but it's not just a woman's cancer.”
Even when filling out forms at the doctor's office, Dr. Bogler found that many of the questions were aimed at women.
“I live in this very pink world,” he said. “I'm not complaining about it. I don't mind skipping the 'Are you pregnant?' part of the form. But I realized most people don't even know men get breast cancer.”
- ◆ -
注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考
含注释全文：
When Men Get Breast Cancer
From: The New York TImes
FEBRUARY 24, 2014
Breast cancer is not always pink.
乳腺癌并不总是粉色的。
That is the message of a provocative new photography series featuring the faces, and scars, of men with breast cancer. The photos, by the New York-based fashion photographer David Jay, are part of his continuing Scar Project, a series of mostly black-and-white portraits that capture the devastation of breast cancer.
最近出现了一组非常引人注目的摄影作品，拍摄的是乳腺癌男性患者的面孔和手术伤疤，以上这句话便是这组图片想要传递的信息。图片由纽约时尚摄影师大卫·杰伊（David Jay）拍摄，是他仍在继续进行的“伤痕项目”的一部分，这个系列以黑白肖像照为主，捕捉乳腺癌给人们带来的伤害。
provocative
1）表示“（通常指故意地）使人生气的，挑衅的，煽动的”，英文解释为“If you describe something as provocative, you mean that it is intended to make people react angrily or argue against it.”举个🌰：He has made a string of outspoken and sometimes provocative speeches in recent years. 他最近几年做了一系列直言不讳的、有时带有挑衅的演说。
2）表示“引发思考的，启发性的”，英文解释为“causing thought about interesting subjects”举个🌰：The programme will take a detailed and provocative look at the problem of homelessness. 这个节目将以启发性的眼光详细审视无家可归这个问题。
scar
scar /skɑːr/ 表示“伤疤；伤痕；瘢痕”，英文解释为“a mark that is left on the skin after a wound has healed”如：scar tissue 瘢痕组织，a scar on his cheek 脸上的伤疤。
portrait
portrait /ˈpɔː.trət/ 表示“肖像，画像；人像照片”，英文解释为“a painting, photograph, drawing, etc. of a person or, less commonly, of a group of people”举个🌰：She's commissioned an artist to paint her portrait/paint a portrait of her. 她委托一位画家为她画一幅肖像。
devastation
devastation /ˌdev.əˈsteɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“毁灭，极大的破坏”，英文解释为“damage and destruction”举个🌰：If disease is allowed to spread, it will cause widespread devastation. 如果疾病蔓延开来，将造成大范围的灾难性后果。
2）表示“极度惊骇；（感情上的）重创”，英文解释为“feeling very shocked or upset”举个🌰：She had a look of utter devastation on her face. 她脸上显出一副受到沉重打击的样子。
The vast majority of the photos in that project are of young women, shown topless with scars where their breasts used to be. The pictures, which are both shocking and beautiful, are featured in a traveling exhibition that will be on display next month in Toronto.
这个项目的绝大部分照片拍摄的是年轻女性，表现的是在脱掉上衣后她们的伤疤，而在伤疤原有的位置本应是她们的乳房。这组作品既令人震惊又十分美丽，下月将在多伦多进行巡展。
topless
topless /ˈtɒp.ləs/ 表示“（通常指女子）裸露上身的（地）”，英文解释为“used to describe someone, usually a woman, wearing nothing on the upper part of the body, or something connected with this way of dressing”
But most visitors to the Scar Project find the photos on the Internet, where they have been viewed by millions of people. One of those people is Oliver Bogler, a cancer biologist in Houston who found out that he had breast cancer 18 months ago after noticing a lump in his chest.
不过大部分接触到“伤痕项目”的人，是通过网络找到了这些图片，目前已有数百万人观赏。其中一位观众是奥利佛·伯格勒（Oliver Bogler），这位住在休斯敦的癌症生物学家发现胸部出现了一个肿块，18个月前确诊患乳腺癌。
lump
lump /lʌmp/ 1）表示“（通常指无固定形状的）块，团”，英文解释为“a piece of a solid substance, usually with no particular shape”如：a lump of coal 一块煤；
2）表示“（尤指因疾病或伤害而出现的）肿块”，英文解释为“a hard swelling found in or on the body, especially because of illness or injury”举个🌰：She found a lump in her breast. 她在胸部发现了一个肿块。
As in a woman's breast, the duct cells in a man's breast can undergo cancerous changes fueled by hormones that influence the growth of cells. It is not clear why some men get breast cancer while most do not, but risk factors include a family history of breast cancer, inherited gene mutations, radiation exposure, extended occupational exposure to certain chemicals or intense heat, obesity, liver disease, alcoholism, and other cancer treatments.
跟女性的乳房一样，男性乳房中的乳腺导管细胞同样会因影响细胞生长的荷尔蒙诱发而出现癌变。现在尚不清楚为什么一些男性得了乳腺癌，而绝大多数没有得，不过男性得乳腺癌的风险因素包括家庭乳腺癌史、遗传性基因突变、辐射暴露、职业中大量接触特定化学制品或酷热、肥胖、肝病、酗酒，或者曾接受其他癌症治疗。
duct
duct /dʌkt/ 表示“管道，管线；（人体的）管，导管”，英文解释为“a tube or pipe that carries liquid or air, especially in and out of buildings or through the body”举个🌰：Most office buildings have dozens of air ducts and vents. 大多数办公楼都有很多通风管道和通风口。
undergo
表示“经历，经受（令人不快的事或变化） ”，英文解释为“to experience something that is unpleasant or something that involves a change”举个🌰：Playing board games is undergoing a revival in popularity. 棋盘游戏正经历着一场复兴。
🎬电影《白日梦想家》（The Secret Life of Walter Mitty）中的台词提到：But as we undergothis transition to LIFE online... we wanted to be candid with you... 但由于我们处于"生活"杂志网络化的过渡期...所以我们想明白告诉你们...
hormone
hormone /ˈhɔːməʊn/ 表示“激素；荷尔蒙”，英文解释为“a chemical substance produced in the body or in a plant that encourages growth or influences how the cells and tissues function; an artificial substance that has similar effects”，如：growth hormones 生长激素。
gene
gene /dʒiːn/ 表示“基因”，英文解释为“a part of the DNA in a cell that controls the physical development, behaviour, etc. of an individual plant or animal and is passed on from its parents”
mutation
表示“（生物物种的）变异，突变”，英文解释为“a process in which the genetic material of a person, a plant or an animal changes in structure when it is passed on to children, etc., causing different physical characteristics to develop; a change of this kind”如：cells affected by mutation 受到突变影响的细胞。
radiation
radiation /ˌreɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“（核）辐射”，英文解释为“a form of energy that comes from a nuclear reaction and that can be very dangerous to health”举个🌰：Many servicemen suffered radiation sickness after the early atomic tests. 很多军人在早期的原子弹试爆后患上了辐射病。
All of these factors can influence the level of hormones in a man's body and potentially spur breast cancer. That said, many men who develop breast cancer do not have any of these risk factors.
上述各种因素都可以影响男性体内的荷尔蒙水平，并存在激发乳腺癌的可能。不过也有很多得了乳腺癌的男性事实上并不存在这类风险因素。
spur
spur表示“鼓动；激励；鞭策；刺激；鼓舞”，英文解释为“If one thing spurs you to do another, it encourages you to do it.”举个🌰：It's the money that spurs these fishermen to risk a long ocean journey in their flimsy boats. 是金钱驱使这些渔民驾驶单薄的小船冒险出海远航。
That said
That said用于引出与前面陈述相对的、但又有一定联系的观点或信息。表示“尽管如此”、“话虽如此”、“话说回来”，英文解释为“despite what has just been said”，在表达转折或补充信息时常被使用。举个🌰：The movie was really long and sometimes slow; that said, the acting was superb. 这部电影很长，有时候节奏缓慢；但话说回来，演技却非常出色。
Fewer than 1 percent of breast cancers are diagnosed in men, but that is little comfort to the 2,400 men a year who learn they have the disease. For Dr. Bogler, 47, the diagnosis was particularly shocking because his wife had learned five years earlier that she had breast cancer.
在所有乳腺癌的确诊病例中，不到1%的患者为男性，可是对于每年确诊患此病的2400位男性来说，这个比例没法安慰到他们。对于47岁的伯格勒博士来说，诊断尤其令他震惊，因为他的妻子也曾在5年前确诊患乳腺癌。
diagnose
diagnose /ˈdaɪəɡˌnəʊz/ 表示“诊断（病症）；查出（问题）”，英文解释为“to recognize and name the exact character of a disease or a problem, by examining it”举个🌰：She was diagnosed with/as having diabetes. 她被查出患有糖尿病。The electrician has diagnosed a fault in the wiring. 电工查出了一处线路故障。
📍可以看出，除了指查出病症，也可以指查出故障或者问题。名词形式：diagnosis /ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/
“I struggled with the huge coincidence,” Dr. Bogler said. “We were both diagnosed when we were 46. It seemed a bit unlikely. I couldn't imagine having this conversation with her, either: 'Honey, I think I have what you have.' ”
“这个巨大的巧合让我实在吃不消，”伯格勒说：“我们同样是在46岁这年确诊得了癌症，看起来简直不像真的。我也没法想象自己要跟她这样说：'亲爱的，我得了你曾得过的病。'”
coincidence
表示“同时发生；（尤指令人吃惊的）巧合，碰巧的事”，英文解释为“an occasion when two or more similar things happen at the same time, especially in a way that is unlikely and surprising”举个🌰：He chose exactly the same topic as me - what a coincidence! 他选的话题跟我的一模一样——真巧！
Like many cancer patients, Dr. Bogler found himself spending time online in hopes of learning more about his disease. He stumbled across the Scar Project and asked Mr. Jay if he would consider including men in the series. As a result, the Male Scar Project was created.
和很多癌症病人一样，伯格勒在网上泡了很久，希望能找到有关他的病更多的信息。他无意中发现了“伤痕项目”，便去问杰伊，他是否可以考虑在这个系列中拍摄男性病人的照片。于是杰伊开创了“男性伤痕项目”。
stumble across
stumble across/on/upon sth/sb 表示“偶然发现；撞见；邂逅”，英文解释为“to discover something by chance, or to meet someone by chance”举个🌰：Researchers have stumbled across a drug that may help patients with Parkinson's disease. 研究人员偶然发现了一种药物，也许可以治疗帕金森病。
The photo of Dr. Bogler shows him next to a radiation machine, his chest covered with marker lines used to guide the radiation beam.
伯格勒的照片拍的是他站在放疗仪器旁边，他的胸部用记号笔画了线，用来引导放疗束。
beam
beam /biːm/ 1）表示“光线；光束；光柱”，英文解释为“a line of light that shines from a bright object”举个🌰：We could just pick out the trail in the weak beam of the flashlight. 我们借着手电筒微弱的光仅能勉强认清路。
2）表示“（定向发出的）射束，粒子流”，英文解释为“a line of radiation or particles flowing in one direction”如：a laser beam 激光束，an electron beam 电子波。
The photos of men with breast cancer are admittedly less jarring than those of women. One reason may be that it is less surprising to see a shirtless man, and the absence of his breast and nipple is not as immediately noticeable. But the portraits of the men are still haunting and show, in a more subtle way, the spiritual ravages of cancer.
不可否认的是，患乳腺癌的男性照片没有女性的那么令人震惊。其中一个原因可能在于看到不着上装的男人，大家不会感到十分意外，也不会立马注意到他被切除的乳房和乳头。但这组男性肖像仍然让人难以忘怀，它以一种更为微妙的方式表明了癌症造成的精神摧残。
jarring
jarring /ˈdʒɑː.rɪŋ/ 1）表示“（使）感到不快的；刺激（神经等）的”，英文解释为“a jarring sight, sound, or experience is so different or unexpected that it has a strong and unpleasant effect on something or someone”如：a jarring cry/chord 刺耳的哭喊声/不协调的和音。
2）表示“不和谐的，不合适的”，英文解释为“wrong or unsuitable”如：a jarring contrast 反差巨大的对比。
haunting
haunting /ˈhɔːn.tɪŋ/ 表示“（因一种令人忧伤的美丽而）让人难忘的，萦绕心头的”，英文解释为“beautiful, but in a sad way and often in a way that cannot be forgotten”如：a haunting melody 难忘的旋律。
subtle
表示“难以察觉，难以理解的；微妙的，细微的”，英文解释为“not easy to notice or understand unless you pay careful attention”举个🌰：The pictures are similar, but there are subtle differences between them. 这些图片很相似，但它们之间有细微的差别。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述企业发现AI难以实施的文章中提到：A more subtle problem is that of deciding what to use AI for. 一个更微妙的问题是决定AI派上什么用场。
ravages
复数，表示“破坏；损害；毁坏”，英文解释为“the destruction caused by sth”如：the ravages of two world wars 两次世界大战造成的破坏。
ravage本身作动词，表示“严重毁坏，摧毁；重创”，英文解释为“to damage something very badly”举个🌰：The country has been ravaged by civil war. 这个国家被内战摧毁了。
The photos are also similar in that they capture both the vulnerability and the strength of breast cancer patients, regardless of their sex.
无论性别，照片的相似之处还在于它们都捕捉到了乳腺癌病人的脆弱与力量。
vulnerability
vulnerability /ˌvʌlnərəˈbɪləti/ 表示“易受伤害；有弱点；脆弱”，英文解释为“the quality of being vulnerable (= able to be easily hurt, influenced, or attacked), or something that is vulnerable”
Dr. Bogler worked with Mr. Jay to include men in the Scar Project because he felt that more awareness was needed about the male experience with the disease. He also believes that more research into male breast cancer could help unlock new knowledge about the disease for both men and women.
伯格勒博士与杰伊合作，邀请男性参与“伤痕项目”，是因为他觉得人们有必要提高对男性乳腺癌病人遭遇的意识。他也认为，对男性乳腺癌投入更多研究，将使男女两性患者对该病取得更多了解。
unlock
表示“发掘（潜力）；揭开（秘密）”，英文解释为“If you unlock the potential or the secrets of something or someone, you release them.”举个🌰：A chemical has been discovered that may be the key to unlocking the mysteries of Parkinson's disease. 已发现一种化学物质，这可能是解开帕金森氏病之谜的钥匙。
Dr. Bogler added that while ovarian, uterine, prostate and testicular cancers are inherently gender-specific, breast cancer is no more gender-specific than lung or colon cancer.
伯格勒还补充说，虽然卵巢癌、子宫癌、前列腺癌和睾丸癌在遗传上限定于单一性别，但乳腺癌跟肺癌或结肠癌一样，都并非局限于一个性别。
“I was surprised to learn how little awareness there was for men,” he said. “Breast cancer is skewed toward women, but it's not just a woman's cancer.”
“得知男性对此几乎全无意识，我感到很意外，”他说：“人们把对乳腺癌的侧重点放到女性这一头，但这种癌症并非只有女人才会得。”
skewed
skew /skjuː/ 表示“歪曲；曲解；使不公允；影响…的准确性”，英文解释为“to change or influence sth with the result that it is not accurate, fair, normal, etc.”如：to skew the statistics 影响统计数字的准确性。举个🌰：These last-minute changes have skewed the company's results. 这些最后一刻才做出的改变影响了公司的业绩。
skewed /skjuːd/ 1）表示“不准确的，不确切的”，英文解释为“not accurate or exact”举个🌰：Maybe your world view is a little skewed. 也许你对世界的认知有点不准确。
2）表示“不直的；不直接了当的”，英文解释为“not straight”举个🌰：Her smile is slightly skewed. 他的微笑有点让人琢磨不透。
Even when filling out forms at the doctor's office, Dr. Bogler found that many of the questions were aimed at women.
伯格勒说，就连在诊室里填写表格时，他也发现很多问题针对的是女性。
“I live in this very pink world,” he said. “I'm not complaining about it. I don't mind skipping the 'Are you pregnant?' part of the form. But I realized most people don't even know men get breast cancer.”
“我生活在一个红粉菲菲的世界，”他说：“我这样说不是埋怨什么。跳过表格中'你现在是否怀孕？'这部分内容，我倒是不介意，但我发觉大部分人甚至不知道男人也会得乳腺癌。”
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