盘点2023年第一次发生的事
假期愉快！
🤔️小作业：
1. What was the scientific breakthrough achieved by researchers from Osaka University with male mice?
A) Cloning of a fully grown male mouse.
B) Creation of live offspring from cells of two biologically male mice.
C) Discovery of a new method to reverse male mice aging.
D) Development of a new species of mice through genetic modification.
A) It located underground ancient cities.
B) It reconstructed the faces of ancient human remains.
C) It helped decipher text from an ancient Roman scroll.
D) It predicted the site of future archaeological discoveries.
无注释原文：
Things That Happened for the First Time in 2023
From: The New York Times
Cells from two male mice produce live offspring.
Scientists from Osaka University in Japan have created mice from two biologically male parents for the first time, according to a study published in March in the journal Nature. Scientists took skin cells from the tails of male mice and used them to generate eggs that were implanted into female mice, eventually producing live offspring. The reproductive feat could have future implications for fertility treatments and the preservation of endangered species.
Jimin becomes the first Korean solo artist to top the charts.
Jimin, best known as a member of the K-pop group BTS, became the first South Korean solo artist to top Billboard’s Hot 100 with his hit “Like Crazy” in April. The weekly rankings reflect the most popular songs in the United States across genres. Several months later, fellow BTS member Jungkook became the second South Korean solo artist to take the No. 1 spot with his single “Seven.”
A man with paralysis walks again using his thoughts.
With the aid of brain and spinal implants, a man with paralysis was able to walk again more than a decade after his injury by using his thoughts, according to a study published in May in the journal Nature. The implants, which use artificial intelligence technology, decoded electrical signals in his brain and sent messages to his muscles, allowing him to stand and walk with the aid of a walker. Although spinal implants have achieved similar results in the past, a button had to be pushed to activate the signals each time.
More than 10 percent of Japan’s population is at least 80 years old.
For the first time on record, at least one in 10 people in Japan is over the age of 80, according to Japanese national data. Released by the Health Ministry in June, the data also showed that in 2022, births in Japan slowed to their lowest rate since the country began keeping records in 1899. The country, which is home to more than 125 million people, has the world’s oldest population.
A.I. helps decipher text from an ancient Roman scroll.
Artificial intelligence has helped interpret part of an ancient scroll for the first time in modern memory. In August, a computer science student’s A.I. model extracted the ancient Greek word “porphyras” — or “purple” — from a Herculaneum scroll, one of hundreds that were buried and preserved in ash after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79.
Women vote in a major Vatican meeting.
A Vatican assembly of 300 bishops from across the globe included nuns and laywomen who, for the first time, had voting rights in the synod. Topics of discussion included the advancement of women in church roles, with some priests even supporting the ordination of women deacons, a much-debated topic among Catholics.
Earth has its hottest 12-month period on record.
From November 2022 to October 2023, Earth experienced its hottest 12 months on record, according to the nonprofit organization Climate Central. The group’s analysis shows that global temperatures have risen 1.3 degrees Celsius (2.3 degrees Fahrenheit) above preindustrial records, alarming environmental and climate scientists, as the data is nearing the 1.5-degree Celsius (2.7-degree Fahrenheit) global warming benchmark set by the 2015 Paris Agreement.
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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Things That Happened for the First Time in 2023
From: The New York Times
Cells from two male mice produce live offspring.
来自两只雄性小鼠的细胞产生了活体后代。
Scientists from Osaka University in Japan have created mice from two biologically male parents for the first time, according to a study published in March in the journal Nature. Scientists took skin cells from the tails of male mice and used them to generate eggs that were implanted into female mice, eventually producing live offspring. The reproductive feat could have future implications for fertility treatments and the preservation of endangered species.
今年3月发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究显示，日本大阪大学的科学家首次通过生物学上属于雄性的双亲培育出了小鼠。科学家们从两只雄性小鼠的尾巴上提取皮肤细胞，用它们产生卵子，植入雌性小鼠体内，最终产生活的后代。这一生殖方面的成就可能会对未来的生育治疗和濒危物种保护产生影响。
offspring
offspring /ˈɒf.sprɪŋ/ 1）表示“（人的）后代，子女，子嗣”，英文解释为“a person's children”举个🌰：His sister came over on Saturday with all her offspring. 他的姐姐星期六带着她的一大群子女过来串门。
2）表示“（动物的）幼崽，崽兽”，英文解释为“the young of an animal”举个🌰：In the case of the guinea pig, the number of offspring varies between two and five. 以豚鼠为例，它一胎产2到5个幼仔。
implant
implant /ˈɪm.plɑːnt/ 可以作名词，也可以作动词，表示“（手术中）植入，移植；（植入人体中的）移植物，植入物”，英文解释为“an organ, group of cells, or device that has been put into the body in a medical operation”。
reproductive
reproductive /ˌriː.prəˈdʌk.tɪv/ 表示“生殖；生育；繁殖”，英文解释为“relating to the process of reproduction”。
feat
feat /fiːt/ 表示“功绩；技艺；武艺；功绩；英勇事迹”，英文解释为“If you refer to an action, or the result of an action, as a feat, you admire it because it is an impressive and difficult achievement.”如：to perform / attempt / achieve astonishing feats 表演惊人的技艺；争取/取得惊人的功绩，举个🌰：The tunnel is a brilliant feat of engineering. 这条隧道是工程方面的光辉业绩。
📍be no easy feat 不容易，非易事。类似的还有be no small feat/ be no mean feat可以理解为“是了不起的成就，绝非易事”，英文解释为：to be a great achievement，举个🌰：Getting the job finished in under a week was no mean feat. 一周内就把这项任务完成了，真了不起。
🎬电影《惊天魔盗团2》（Now You See Me 2）中的台词提到：by performing what he calls an impossible feat. 在这里上演他所谓不可能的奇迹。
implication
implication /ˌɪm.plɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“可能的影响（或作用、结果）”，英文解释为“a possible effect or result of an action or a decision”举个🌰：The development of the site will have implications for the surrounding countryside. 这个地点的开发将会影响周围的乡村。
2）表示“含意；暗指，暗示”，英文解释为“an occasion when you seem to suggest something without saying it directly”举个🌰：From what she said, the implication was that they were splitting up. 她的话中暗示他们将要分手。
fertility
fertility /fəˈtɪl.ə.ti/ 表示“富饶；丰产；生殖力；能生育性；可繁殖性”，英文解释为“the state of being fertile”，如：a fertility symbol 生殖力的象征，declining fertility rates 下降的生育率，the fertility of the soil/land 土壤的肥沃；土地的丰饶，a god of fertility 丰收之神，fertility treatment (= medical help given to a person to help them have a baby) 不孕症治疗。
preservation
preservation /ˌprez.əˈveɪ.ʃən/ 表示“保护，维护;保藏，保养”，英文解释为“the act of keeping something the same or of preventing it from being damaged”如：building preservation 建筑物维护。
📍单词“preservation”由词根“-ation”（表示行为或过程）和前缀“preserv-”（来自“preserve”，表示“保护，保存”）组成。想象你正在保护或保存某物，这就是“preservation”。
Jimin becomes the first Korean solo artist to top the charts.
朴智旻成为首位登上排行榜榜首的韩国独唱艺人。
Jimin, best known as a member of the K-pop group BTS, became the first South Korean solo artist to top Billboard’s Hot 100 with his hit “Like Crazy” in April. The weekly rankings reflect the most popular songs in the United States across genres. Several months later, fellow BTS member Jungkook became the second South Korean solo artist to take the No. 1 spot with his single “Seven.”
作为K-pop组合“防弹少年团”(BTS)成员而为人熟知的朴智旻（艺名Jimin）今年4月凭借热门单曲《Like Crazy》成为首位登上Billboard Hot 100单曲榜的韩国独唱艺人。这一每周排行榜单反映了美国各种类型的最流行歌曲。几个月后，同为“防弹少年团”成员的田柾国（艺名Jungkook）凭借单曲《Seven》成为第二位登上榜首的韩国独唱艺人。
charts
the charts 表示“（每周唱片销量）排行榜”，英文解释为“the lists produced each week of the records with the highest sales”如：the dance charts舞曲排行榜。
chart /tʃɑːt/ 作动词，熟词僻义，表示“制定（行动计划）”，英文解释为“to arrange a plan of action”举个🌰 She had carefully charted her route to the top of her profession. 她周密地制订了达到她职业巅峰的行动计划。
hit
hit /hɪt/ 表示“（唱片、电影或戏剧的）成功；很受欢迎的人（或事物）”，英文解释为“If a CD, film, or play is a hit, it is very popular and successful.”举个🌰：The song became a massive hit in 2023. 这首歌在2023年取得了巨大成功。
genre
genre /ˈʒɑːnrə/ 表示“（尤指艺术的）风格，类型，体裁”，英文解释为“a style, especially in the arts, that involves a particular set of characteristics”举个🌰：What genre does the book fall into - comedy or tragedy? 这本书属于什么体裁——喜剧还是悲剧？
A man with paralysis walks again using his thoughts.
一名瘫痪男子靠意念再次行走。
With the aid of brain and spinal implants, a man with paralysis was able to walk again more than a decade after his injury by using his thoughts, according to a study published in May in the journal Nature. The implants, which use artificial intelligence technology, decoded electrical signals in his brain and sent messages to his muscles, allowing him to stand and walk with the aid of a walker. Although spinal implants have achieved similar results in the past, a button had to be pushed to activate the signals each time.
今年5月发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究显示，在大脑植入物和脊柱植入物的帮助下，一名瘫痪男子在受伤10多年后，通过运用意念得以重新行走。植入物使用人工智能技术，解码他大脑中的电信号，并向他的肌肉发送信息，使他能够在助行器的帮助下站立和行走。虽然过去脊椎植入也取得了类似的结果，但每次都必须按下按钮才能激活信号。
paralysis
paralysis /pəˈræl.ə.sɪs/ 1）表示“麻痹，瘫痪”，英文解释为“a condition in which you are unable to move all or part of your body because of illness or injury”举个🌰：Some nervous disorders can produce paralysis. 有些神经紊乱有可能会导致瘫痪。
2）表示“不知所措；（行动）瘫痪，停顿”，英文解释为“a situation in which you are unable to take action”
spinal
spinal /ˈspaɪ.nəl/ 表示“脊柱的;脊椎的”，英文解释为“of the spine”如：a spinal injury 脊柱受伤。
decode
decode /diːˈkəʊd/ 1）表示“解码，解读，解译”英文解释“if a computer decodes data , it receives it and changes it into a form that can be used by the computer or understood by a person.”举个🌰：Decoding the paintings is not difficult once you know what the component parts symbolize. 一旦明白了画中各部分的象征意义，也就不难搞清楚这幅画的含义了。
2）表示“正确理解（外语单词或短语）”，英文解释为“to understand the meaning of a word or phrase in a foreign language in the correct way”举个🌰：Grammatical information helps learners to decode sentences. 语法信息有助于学习者正确理解句子的含义。
More than 10 percent of Japan’s population is at least 80 years old.
超过10%的日本人口年龄达到80岁及以上。
For the first time on record, at least one in 10 people in Japan is over the age of 80, according to Japanese national data. Released by the Health Ministry in June, the data also showed that in 2022, births in Japan slowed to their lowest rate since the country began keeping records in 1899. The country, which is home to more than 125 million people, has the world’s oldest population.
日本全国的数据显示，有史以来第一次，日本每10人中至少有一人超过80岁。日本厚生劳动省6月发布的数据还显示，2022年，日本的出生率降至1899年有记录以来的最低水平。这个拥有超过1.25亿人口的国家拥有世界上最老龄化的人口。
A.I. helps decipher text from an ancient Roman scroll.
人工智能帮助破解古罗马卷轴上的文字。
Artificial intelligence has helped interpret part of an ancient scroll for the first time in modern memory. In August, a computer science student’s A.I. model extracted the ancient Greek word “porphyras” — or “purple” — from a Herculaneum scroll, one of hundreds that were buried and preserved in ash after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79.
这是现代社会中人工智能首次帮助破译古代卷轴的部分内容。8月，一名计算机科学专业学生研发的人工智能模型从赫库兰尼姆古卷中识别出古希腊文“porphyras”（意为紫色）。公元79年，维苏威火山喷发让数以百计的卷轴在被掩埋后留存至今，赫库兰尼姆古卷正是其中之一。
decipher
decipher /dɪˈsaɪfə/ 表示“解译，破译；辨认，解释”，英文解释为“To change a message written in a code into ordinary language so that you can read it; To find the meaning of something that is difficult to read or understand”举个🌰：I'm still no closer to deciphering the code. 破译这个密码我还是没有进展。
形容词：📍indecipherable 表示“难以辨认的；难以理解的”（impossible to read or understand），如：an indecipherable signature 难以辨认的签名。
scroll
作名词，scroll /skrəʊl/ 表示“长卷纸，卷轴”，英文解释为“a long roll of paper or similar material with usually official writing on it”举个🌰：The ancient Egyptians stored information on scrolls. 古埃及人把信息记载在卷轴上。
作动词，表示“滚动；滚屏”，英文解释为“to move text or other information on a computer screen in order to see a different part of it”举个🌰：Scroll to the end of the document. 滚动至文件的最后。
🎬电影《兔子洞》（Rabbit Hole）中的台词提到：Scroll down with your finger. 用手指向下滑动。
interpret
interpret /ɪnˈtɜː.prɪt/ 1）表示“诠释；说明”，英文解释为“to explain the meaning of sth”举个🌰：The students were asked to interpret the poem. 学生们被要求诠释那首诗的意义。
2）表示“把…理解为；领会”，英文解释为“to decide that sth has a particular meaning and to understand it in this way ”举个🌰：The data can be interpreted in many different ways. 这份资料可以从多方面解读。
3）表示“演绎（按自己的感觉演奏音乐或表现角色）”，英文解释为“to perform a piece of music, a role in a play, etc. in a way that shows your feelings about its meaning”举个🌰：He interpreted the role with a lot of humour. 他把这个角色演得十分幽默。
4）表示“翻译，口译”，英文解释为“to change what someone is saying into another language”
extract
extract /ɪkˈstrækt/ 作动词，表示“取出；拔出；提取”，英文解释为“to remove or take out something”举个🌰：The oil which is extracted from olives is used for cooking. 这种橄揽油是用于烹饪的。
作名词，表示“摘录；选段；引文”，英文解释为“a particular part of a book, poem, etc. that is chosen so that it can be used in a discussion, article, etc.”举个🌰：They published an extract from his autobiography. 他们刊登了他自传的一个片断。
ash
ash /æʃ/ 表示“（尤指烟草、煤、木头燃烧后的）灰，灰烬”，英文解释为“the soft grey or black powder that is left after a substance, especially tobacco, coal, or wood, has burned”如：cigarette ash 烟灰。
Women vote in a major Vatican meeting.
女性在梵蒂冈一场重要会议上投票。
A Vatican assembly of 300 bishops from across the globe included nuns and laywomen who, for the first time, had voting rights in the synod. Topics of discussion included the advancement of women in church roles, with some priests even supporting the ordination of women deacons, a much-debated topic among Catholics.
在一场有全球300多名主教参与的梵蒂冈大会上，包括修女和女性信徒在内的群体首次获得了在这一宗教会议上的投票权。会议讨论话题包括提高女性在教会的地位，一些牧师甚至支持任命女性执事，这一直是天主教会中备受争议的话题。
assembly
assembly /əˈsem.bli/ 1）表示“（尤指为特定目的而经常）聚集在一起的人，（所有）与会者；集合，聚集”，英文解释为“a group of people, especially one that meets regularly for a particular purpose, such as government, or, more generally, the process of coming together, or the state of being together”如：the United Nations General Assembly 联合国大会；
2）表示“（多个班级参加的）集体活动，集会”，英文解释为“a meeting in a school of several classes, usually at the beginning of the school day, to give information or to say prayers together”举个🌰：All pupils are expected to attend school assembly. 所有学生都要参加校会。
3）表示“装配；组装；组合体；总成”，英文解释为“the process of putting together the parts of sth such as a vehicle or piece of furniture”举个🌰：Putting the bookcase together should be a simple assembly job. 组装书橱应该是个简单的装配活。
bishop
bishop /ˈbɪʃ.əp/ 表示“主教”，英文解释为“a priest of high rank who is in charge of the priests of lower rank in a particular area”如：the Bishop of Durham 达勒姆主教。
nun
nun /nʌn/ 表示“修女”，英文解释为“a member of a female religious group that lives in a convent”
laywoman
laywoman /ˈleɪˌwʊm.ən/ 表示“女平信徒，在俗女教徒（非神职人员）”，英文解释为“a woman who is a member of a Church but is not a priest or a member of the clergy”
synod
synod /ˈsɪn.əd/ 表示“教会会议”，英文解释为“a regular meeting of Church members for the discussion of religious matters”
priest
priest /priːst/ 1）表示“（圣公会教的）牧师；（天主教、东正教的）神父”，英文解释为“A priest is a member of the Christian clergy in the Catholic, Anglican, or Orthodox church.”举个🌰：He had trained to be a Catholic priest. 他接受培训成了一名天主教神父。
2）表示“（非基督教的）祭司”，英文解释为“In many non-Christian religions a priest is a man who has particular duties and responsibilities in a place where people worship.”
ordination
ordination /ˌɔː.dɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ 表示“授予圣职；授圣职礼；派立礼”，英文解释为“the act or ceremony of making someone a priest or other religious leader”
deacon
deacon /ˈdiː.kən/ 英式 1）表示“（某些宗教团体的）执事，会吏”，英文解释为“in some churches, an official, either male or female, who is below a priest in rank and who performs some of the duties of a priest”
美式 2）表示“（某些宗教团体由非神职人员担任的）辅祭；助祭”，英文解释为“in some churches, a lay person (= an ordinary person without religious training) who helps with the running and organization of the church”
Earth has its hottest 12-month period on record.
地球经历了有史以来最热的12个月。
From November 2022 to October 2023, Earth experienced its hottest 12 months on record, according to the nonprofit organization Climate Central. The group’s analysis shows that global temperatures have risen 1.3 degrees Celsius (2.3 degrees Fahrenheit) above preindustrial records, alarming environmental and climate scientists, as the data is nearing the 1.5-degree Celsius (2.7-degree Fahrenheit) global warming benchmark set by the 2015 Paris Agreement.
根据非营利机构“气候中心”的数据，从2022年11月到2023年10月，地球经历了有记录以来最热的12个月。该组织的分析显示，全球气温比前工业化时代的记录上升了1.3摄氏度，这引发了环境和气候学家的担忧，因为这一数据已经接近2015年《巴黎协定》所设定的全球变暖升温控制基准1.5摄氏度。
benchmark
benchmark /ˈbentʃ.mɑːk/ 表示“基准（点）”，英文解释为“a level of quality that can be used as a standard when comparing other things”举个🌰：Her outstanding performances set a new benchmark for singers throughout the world. 她的精彩表演为全世界歌手树立了新典范。
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