特朗普赢得新罕布什尔州初选
据美国媒体报道，前总统唐纳德·特朗普赢得2024年美国总统选举第二场共和党初选，让特朗普距离再次成为共和党总统候选人更近了一步。
🤔️小作业：
1. How did Nikki Haley respond to her defeat in the New Hampshire primary?
A) She conceded the presidential race.
B) She questioned the primary's legitimacy.
C) She committed to continuing her campaign.
D) She endorsed Donald Trump.
A) Calls for party unity behind Trump.
B) A divided opinion about his candidacy.
C) Indifference to the primary results.
D) Support for Nikki Haley's continuing campaign.
无注释原文：
Trump’s Win Adds to Air of Inevitability as Haley Sharpens Edge
From: The New York Times
Donald J. Trump’s victory in the New Hampshire primary on Tuesday provided him the second of an opening pair of wins in the Republican nomination fight that accelerated his push for the party to coalesce behind him and deepened questions about the path forward for Nikki Haley, his lone remaining rival.
The defeat of Ms. Haley in New Hampshire came eight days after the former president trounced Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida so thoroughly in Iowa that it drove Mr. DeSantis from the race. Mr. Trump and his allies have turned his twin early wins into a milestone — declaring, after just the first two contests, that the party needs to unite behind him now to prepare for a rematch in November between Mr. Trump and President Biden.
No Republican candidate has ever won the first two states and then not ultimately secured the presidential nomination, a fact that Mr. Trump himself noted in his victory speech in Nashua, N.H.
“When you win Iowa and you win New Hampshire, they’ve never had a loss — there’s never been — so we’re not going to be the first, I can tell you,” Mr. Trump told the crowd.
Regardless of what comes next, the win on Tuesday sealed Mr. Trump’s status as the party’s standard-bearer in the history books: Before Mr. Trump, the only Republicans who have ever won both the Iowa caucuses and the New Hampshire primary have been sitting presidents.
The race was called on Tuesday night by The Associated Press the moment the last polls closed, sapping any drama from the outcome. Minutes later, Ms. Haley raced to speak first at her own election party in Concord, N.H., forcefully pressing her case that nominating Mr. Trump would be tantamount to conceding the general election to Democrats.
“You can’t fix the mess if you don’t win an election,” she said. “A Trump nomination is a Biden win and a Kamala Harris presidency.”
Ms. Haley pledged to press forward despite the loss on Tuesday. “New Hampshire is first in the nation — it is not the last in the nation,” she declared. “This race is far from over.”
Before Mr. Trump even took the stage on Tuesday night, the former president called Ms. Haley “delusional” in a social media post, one of several he wrote in all capital letters while she spoke.
It was a preview of a caustic and sometimes crude speech by the former president, in which he used the national platform of a victory address to bash his lone remaining rival, whose voters he would eventually need to win over in the fall.
“She didn’t win. She lost,” Mr. Trump said, calling her an “impostor” that he had beaten “so badly.” He mocked Ms. Haley for delivering an overconfident concession speech: “This is not your typical victory speech, but let’s not let somebody take a victory when she had a very bad night.”
Republicans began almost immediately to ratchet up pressure on Ms. Haley to quit.
“It’s time to drop out,” said Taylor Budowich, the chief executive of Mr. Trump’s super PAC. Senator John Barrasso of Wyoming, who serves in the Republican leadership and had previously endorsed the former president, called Mr. Trump on social media the “presumptive” nominee. And Senator John Cornyn of Texas, who has been critical of Mr. Trump, formally backed him, declaring, “Republicans need to unite around a single candidate.”
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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考
含注释全文：
特朗普赢得新罕布什尔州初选，距总统提名更近一步
Trump’s Win Adds to Air of Inevitability as Haley Sharpens Edge
From: The New York Times
Donald J. Trump’s victory in the New Hampshire primary on Tuesday provided him the second of an opening pair of wins in the Republican nomination fight that accelerated his push for the party to coalesce behind him and deepened questions about the path forward for Nikki Haley, his lone remaining rival.
周二，特朗普在新罕布什尔州的初选中获胜，拿到了前两场共和党总统候选人提名争夺战的胜利，加速了他推动党内团结一致支持自己的努力，也加深了外界对他仅存的对手妮基·黑利竞选前景的质疑。
primary
熟词僻义，primary /ˈpraɪ.mər.i/ 可以直接表示“（美国）初选”，或者说primary election，英文解释为“(in the US) an election in which people in a particular area vote to choose a candidate for a future important election”如：the Illinois primary 伊利诺伊州的初选。
nomination
nomination /ˌnɒm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ 表示“提名，推荐”，英文解释为“the act of officially suggesting someone or something for a job, position, or prize”，举个🌰：There have been two nominations for the new job. 这项新工作有两位提名人选。
补充：
📍nominate 作动词，表示“提名；推荐”，英文解释为“to formally suggest that sb should be chosen for an important role, prize, position, etc.”举个🌰：He was nominated (as) best actor. 他获得了最佳男演员的提名。
📍nominee /ˌnɒmɪˈniː/ 表示“候选人；被提名人”，英文解释为“A nominee is someone who is nominated for a job, position, or award.”如：an Oscar nominee 获得奥斯卡提名的人。
coalesce
coalesce /kəʊ.əˈles/ 表示“联合，合并”，英文解释为“If two or more things coalesce, they come or grow together to form one thing or system.”
rival
rival /ˈraɪ.vəl/ 作名词，表示“竞争对手；敌手”，英文解释为“a person, group, etc. competing with others for the same thing or in the same area”；
作动词，表示“可与…相媲美，比得上”，英文解释为“to be as good, clever, beautiful, etc. as someone or something else”举个🌰：No computer can rival a human brain for/in complexity. 没有任何计算机比得上人脑复杂。
The defeat of Ms. Haley in New Hampshire came eight days after the former president trounced Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida so thoroughly in Iowa that it drove Mr. DeSantis from the race. Mr. Trump and his allies have turned his twin early wins into a milestone — declaring, after just the first two contests, that the party needs to unite behind him now to prepare for a rematch in November between Mr. Trump and President Biden.
黑利于新罕布什尔州初选落败的八天前，特朗普在艾奥瓦州以压倒性的优势击败了佛罗里达州州长罗恩·德桑蒂斯，导致后者宣布退选。特朗普及其盟友已将这两场早期胜利宣传为里程碑事件，在这两场初选刚刚划下句点之时，他们就声称，共和党就需要团结在特朗普身后，为他与拜登总统在11月大选的再次对决做好准备。
trounce
trounce /traʊns/ 表示“彻底打败；击溃”，英文解释为“to defeat a competitor by a large amount”举个🌰：She trounced her rivals in the election. 她在选举中彻底击败了众多对手。
ally
ally /ˈæl.aɪ/ 表示“（尤指战时的）同盟国，盟友”，英文解释为“a country that has agreed officially to give help and support to another one, especially during a war”举个🌰：The US is one of Britain's staunchest allies. 美国是英国最忠实的盟友之一。
📍the Allies 特指“（第二次世界大战期间的）同盟国”，英文解释为“the countries, including the US, the UK, the USSR, and France, that fought against the Axis countries in the Second World War”
No Republican candidate has ever won the first two states and then not ultimately secured the presidential nomination, a fact that Mr. Trump himself noted in his victory speech in Nashua, N.H.
历史上还没有哪位拿下最初两州竞选胜利的共和党候选人最终失去总统提名，特朗普本人也在新罕布什尔州纳舒厄市的胜选演说中提到了这一事实。
secure
1）熟词僻义，作动词，表示“获得；设法得到；争取到”，英文解释为“to get something, sometimes with difficulty”举个🌰：He was disappointed by his failure to secure the top job with the bank. 他因没能得到银行的高层工作而失望。
2）表示“使安全；保护；保卫”，英文解释为“to make certain something is protected from danger or risk”举个🌰：This form of investment is an excellent way of securing your children's financial future. 这种投资方式是为你的孩子提供日后经济保障的极佳方式。
“When you win Iowa and you win New Hampshire, they’ve never had a loss — there’s never been — so we’re not going to be the first, I can tell you,” Mr. Trump told the crowd.
“如果能赢下艾奥瓦州，又拿下新罕布什尔州，那就没有输过，从来没有。所以，我可以告诉你们，我们也不会成为第一个，”特朗普对人群说道。
Regardless of what comes next, the win on Tuesday sealed Mr. Trump’s status as the party’s standard-bearer in the history books: Before Mr. Trump, the only Republicans who have ever won both the Iowa caucuses and the New Hampshire primary have been sitting presidents.
不管接下来选情如何，周二的胜选都确立了特朗普在共和党历史中的领军人地位：在他之前，凡是能在艾奥瓦州党内初选和新罕布什尔州初选中都获胜的共和党人均为在任总统。
seal
seal /siːl/ 作名词，表示“海豹”，英文解释为“a large mammal that eats fish and lives partly in the sea and partly on land or ice”
作动词，1）表示“确定；明确定下来；使成定局”，英文解释为“to make sth definite, so that it cannot be changed or argued about”举个🌰：The two leaders sealed their agreement with a handshake. 两位领导握手表示达成协议。
2）表示“封，密封”，英文解释为“to close an entrance or container so that nothing can enter or leave it”
standard-bearer
standard-bearer /ˈstæn.dədˌbeə.rər/ 表示“旗手，领袖”，英文解释为“the person or thing that seems to lead a group of people having similar ideas or moral opinions”
caucus
caucus /ˈkɔː.kəs/ 1）表示“（政党或组织的）决策层（会议）;利益集团（会议）”，英文解释为“(a meeting of) a small group of people in a political party or organization who have a lot of influence, or who have similar interests”
2）表示“（美国政党集团挑选候选人的）决策会议”，英文解释为“in the US, a meeting held to decide which candidate a political group will support in an election”
sitting
sitting /ˈsɪt.ɪŋ/ 作形容词，表示“（总统或议员）现任的，在任期内的；现有的，现存的，持续的”，英文解释为“A sitting president or member of parliament is a present one, not a future or past one.”如：the greatest clash in our history between a sitting president and an ex-president 在我们的历史上发生的现任总统与前任总统之间最为严重的一次冲突。
作名词，表示“（宾馆的）用餐时间”，英文解释为“a period when a meal is served in a place like a hotel”举个🌰：When the hotel is full, dinner is served in two sittings. 宾馆客满时，用餐分两批进行。
📍at/in one sitting 表示“一口气地”，英文解释为“during one limited period of time, without stopping”举个🌰：I enjoyed the book so much that I read it all in one sitting. 我太喜欢这本书了，一口气就把它读完了。
The race was called on Tuesday night by The Associated Press the moment the last polls closed, sapping any drama from the outcome. Minutes later, Ms. Haley raced to speak first at her own election party in Concord, N.H., forcefully pressing her case that nominating Mr. Trump would be tantamount to conceding the general election to Democrats.
在周二晚间最后一批投票站关闭后，美联社立刻宣布了竞选结果，使得竞选结果失去了任何戏剧性。几分钟后，黑利抢先在新罕布什尔州康科德市的个人竞选派对上发表了讲话，强调了她的一贯论点——提名特朗普就等于将大选胜利让给民主党。
poll
1）作名词，表示“民意测验；民意调查”，英文解释为“A poll is a survey in which people are asked their opinions about something, usually in order to find out how popular something is or what people intend to do in the future.”
复数形式polls可以特指“选举投票；计票”（the process of voting at an election; the process of counting the votes），举个🌰：Polls show that the European treaty has gained support in Denmark. 民意测验显示，欧洲条约已经在丹麦获得支持。
2）作动词，表示“对…进行民意调查”，英文解释为“If you are polled on something, you are asked what you think about it as part of a survey.”举个🌰：More than 2,000 people were polled. 2000多人接受了民意调查。
3）作动词，表示“获得…选票”，英文解释为“If a political party or a candidate polls a particular number or percentage of votes, they get that number or percentage of votes in an election.”举个🌰：The result showed he had polled enough votes to force a second ballot. 结果显示他获得了足够的选票来促使第二轮选举。
sap
sap /sæp/ 表示“（尤指经过一段很长的时间）使伤元气；削弱；使耗尽”，英文解释为“to make someone weaker or take away strength or an important quality from someone, especially over a long period of time”举个🌰：Constant criticism saps you of your confidence. 不间断地有人批评会消磨信心。
tantamount
tantamount /ˈtæn.tə.maʊnt/ to sth表示“几近于；等于，相当于”，英文解释为“being almost the same or having the same effect as something, usually something bad”举个🌰：Her refusal to answer was tantamount to an admission of guilt. 她拒绝回答等于是认罪。
concede
concede /kənˈsiːd/ 1）表示“（常指不情愿地）承认”，英文解释为“to admit, often unwillingly, that something is true”举个🌰："Well okay, perhaps I was a little hard on her," he conceded. “好吧，也许我对她是有点苛刻，”他承认道。
2）表示“认输；承认（失败）”，英文解释为“to admit that you have lost in a competition”举个🌰：He kept on arguing and wouldn't concede defeat. 他一直争论个不停，不愿认输。
补充：
📍败选演讲 concession speech
“You can’t fix the mess if you don’t win an election,” she said. “A Trump nomination is a Biden win and a Kamala Harris presidency.”
“如果赢不了大选，那就收拾不了烂摊子，”她说。“提名特朗普就是拜登的胜利，就等于卡玛拉·哈里斯当总统。”
Ms. Haley pledged to press forward despite the loss on Tuesday. “New Hampshire is first in the nation — it is not the last in the nation,” she declared. “This race is far from over.”
黑利承诺，即便周二失利，她仍将继续竞选。“新罕布什尔州是全国第一站，但不是最后一站，”她宣称。“这场竞选还远未到终结之时。”
pledge
pledge /pledʒ/ 1）作动词，表示“承诺，保证（做某事）；保证给予（某物）”，英文解释为“When someone pledges to do something, they promise in a serious way to do it. When they pledge something, they promise to give it.”举个🌰：He pledges support and offers to help in any way that he can. 他承诺给予支持并提供力所能及的帮助。
2）表示“抵押”，英文解释为“If you pledge something such as a valuable possession or a sum of money, you leave it with someone as a guarantee that you will repay money that you have borrowed.”举个🌰：He asked her to pledge the house as security for a loan. 他要她抵押房子作为贷款担保。
3）作名词，表示“誓言；诺言；保证”，英文解释为“When someone makes a pledge, they make a serious promise that they will do something.”举个🌰：The meeting ended with a pledge to step up cooperation between the states of the region. 会议以加快该地区州之间合作的承诺结束。
Before Mr. Trump even took the stage on Tuesday night, the former president called Ms. Haley “delusional” in a social media post, one of several he wrote in all capital letters while she spoke.
周二晚间，特朗普甚至在登台之前就已在一篇社交媒体帖子上称黑利“痴人说梦”，在黑利发表讲话之时，他发了好几条字母全部大写的帖子。
delusional
delusional /dɪˈluː.ʒən.əl/ 表示“幻想的；错觉的”，英文解释为“believing things that are not true”举个🌰：Delusional thinking is common in schizophrenia. 妄想是精神分裂症的典型症状。
It was a preview of a caustic and sometimes crude speech by the former president, in which he used the national platform of a victory address to bash his lone remaining rival, whose voters he would eventually need to win over in the fall.
这是特朗普演讲的前奏，这番演讲时而粗俗，时而刻薄，他利用胜选演说的全国舞台大肆抨击了自己唯一剩下的对手，而他最终还是需要这位对手的支持者在秋天的大选中为他投票。
caustic
caustic /ˈkɔː.stɪk/ 1）表示“（话语或说话方式）刻薄的，尖刻的，挖苦的”，英文解释为“A caustic remark or way of speaking is hurtful, critical, or intentionally unkind.”如：caustic comments 尖刻的评论。
2）表示“苛性的，腐蚀性的”，英文解释为“A caustic chemical burns or destroys things, especially anything made of living cells.”如：a caustic substance 腐蚀性物质。
bash
bash /bæʃ/ 表示“严厉批评，猛烈抨击”，英文解释为“to criticize someone severely”举个🌰：He kept bashing his employees. 他不停地抨击自己的雇员。
“She didn’t win. She lost,” Mr. Trump said, calling her an “impostor” that he had beaten “so badly.” He mocked Ms. Haley for delivering an overconfident concession speech: “This is not your typical victory speech, but let’s not let somebody take a victory when she had a very bad night.”
“她没有赢。她输了，”特朗普说，还说她是个“冒牌货”，在他手下败得“很惨”。他嘲笑黑利发表了一场过于自信的败选演讲：“这不是典型的胜利演说，但我们不要让某人在一个非常糟糕的夜晚后摆出胜利的架势。”
impostor
impostor /ɪmˈpɒs.tər/ =imposter 表示“冒名顶替者”，英文解释为“a person who pretends to be someone else in order to deceive others”
类似的：
📍scammer表示“诈骗犯; 骗子”，英文解释为“a person who perpetrates a scam; swindler”。
mock
mock /mɒk/ 作形容词，表示“假的；仿制的；假装的”，英文解释为“not real but appearing or pretending to be exactly like something”如：mock cream 人造奶油，mock leather 人造革，mock surprise 假装出来的惊讶。
作动词，表示“嘲笑；（为了取笑）模仿”，英文解释为“If someone mocks you, they show or pretend that they think you are foolish or inferior, for example by saying something funny about you, or by imitating your behaviour.”举个🌰：I thought you were mocking me. 我以为你在嘲笑我。
🎬电影《消失的爱人》（Gone Girl）中的台词提到：If you need to mock somebody, mock me. 如果你们要嘲弄什么人，嘲弄我。
类似的一个词：📍imitate 表示“模仿，仿效”，英文解释为“to behave in a similar way to someone or something else, or to copy the speech or behaviour, etc. of someone or something”。
mock作名词，熟词僻义，表示“模拟考试”，英文解释为“an exam taken at school for practice before a real exam”
Republicans began almost immediately to ratchet up pressure on Ms. Haley to quit.
共和党人几乎立即开始加大对黑利的压力，要求她退选。
ratchet sth up
ratchet sth up/down 表示“逐步增加/减少”，英文解释为“to increase/reduce something over a period of time”举个🌰：The debate should ratchet up awareness of the problem among members of the general public. 这场辩论可以使普通百姓逐步认识这个问题。
“It’s time to drop out,” said Taylor Budowich, the chief executive of Mr. Trump’s super PAC. Senator John Barrasso of Wyoming, who serves in the Republican leadership and had previously endorsed the former president, called Mr. Trump on social media the “presumptive” nominee. And Senator John Cornyn of Texas, who has been critical of Mr. Trump, formally backed him, declaring, “Republicans need to unite around a single candidate.”
“是时候退出了，”特朗普的超级政治行动委员会首席执行官泰勒·布多维奇说。怀俄明州参议员约翰·巴拉索在社交媒体上称特朗普是“推定”提名人，巴拉索是共和党领导层成员，之前曾支持过这位前总统。一直对特朗普持批评态度的得克萨斯州参议员约翰·科宁正式支持他，宣称“共和党人需要团结在一个候选人周围”。
endorse
endorse /ɪnˈdɔːs/ 作动词，1）表示“（公开）赞同，支持，认可”，英文解释为“to say publicly that you support a person, statement or course of action”举个🌰：I wholeheartedly endorse his remarks. 我真诚地赞同他的话。
2）表示“（在广告中）宣传，代言（某一产品）”，英文解释为“to say in an advertisement that you use and like a particular product so that other people will want to buy it”；
3）表示“（在支票背面）签名，背书”，英文解释为“to write your name on the back of a cheque so that it can be paid into a bank account”；
🎬电影《侏罗纪公园》（Jurassic Park）中的台词提到：After careful consideration, I've decided not to endorse your park. 仔细考虑以后 我决定不为你的公园背书。
⚠️这里补充一下，看到上面的「背书」你可能疑惑了，除了在金融上的含义，现在往往被用于政治领域。
📍例如，新华网2020年4月份一则新闻标题就为「奥巴马“背书”拜登」讲的就是奥巴马发声力挺拜登。
presumptive
presumptive /prɪˈzʌmp.tɪv/ 表示“可据以推定的；推测为真的”，英文解释为“believed to be something, or likely to be true, based on the information that you have”如：presumptive signs of pregnancy 怀孕的预征。
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