马斯克官宣首次脑机接口人体实验
近日，埃隆·马斯克（Elon Musk）宣布，他旗下的脑机接口公司Neuralink进行了首例脑机接口设备人体移植，移植者目前恢复良好。
🤔️小作业：
1. What is the primary goal of Neuralink's brain chip implant?
A) To enhance athletic performance.
B) To connect human brains to computers.
C) To increase intelligence levels.
D) To enable telepathic communication.
2. How does Neuralink's Telepathy product aim to benefit its users?
A) By providing enhanced sensory experiences.
B) By enabling control of devices through thought.
C) By improving cognitive skills like problem-solving.
D) By connecting users to a global neural network.
无注释原文：
Elon Musk announces first Neuralink wireless brain chip implant
From: BBC
Tech billionaire Elon Musk says his Neuralink company has successfully implanted one of its wireless brain chips in a human for the first time.
Initial results detected promising neuron spikes or nerve impulses and the patient is recovering well, he said.
The company's goal is to connect human brains to computers and it says it wants to help tackle complex neurological conditions.
A number of rival companies have already implanted similar devices.
BBC News has approached both Neuralink and the US's medical regulator, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for comment.
Mr Musk's company was given permission to test the chip on humans by the FDA in May, a critical milestone after earlier struggles to gain approval.
This gave the green light for the start of the six-year study during which a robot is being used to surgically place 64 flexible threads, thinner than a human hair, on to a part of the brain that controls "movement intention", according to Neuralink.
The company says that these threads allow its experimental implant - powered by a battery that can be charged wirelessly - to record and transmit brain signals wirelessly to an app that decodes how the person intends to move.
Posting on X, the social media platform he owns which was formerly known as Twitter, Mr Musk said Neuralink's first product would be called Telepathy.
Telepathy, he said, would enable "control of your phone or computer, and through them almost any device, just by thinking".
"Initial users will be those who have lost the use of their limbs," he continued.
Referring to the late British scientist who had motor neurone disease, he added: "Imagine if Stephen Hawking could communicate faster than a speed typist or auctioneer. That is the goal."
While Mr Musk's involvement raises the profile of Neuralink, he faces rivals, some of who have a track record dating back two decades. Utah-based Blackrock Neurotech implanted its first of many brain-computer interfaces in 2004.
Precision Neuroscience, formed by a Neuralink co-founder, also aims to help people with paralysis. And its implant resembles a very thin piece of tape that sits on the surface of the brain and can be implanted via a "cranial micro-slit", which it says is a much simpler procedure.
Existing devices have also generated results. In two separate recent US scientific studies, implants were used to monitor brain activity when a person tried to speak, which could then be decoded to help them communicate.
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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Elon Musk announces first Neuralink wireless brain chip implant
From: BBC
Tech billionaire Elon Musk says his Neuralink company has successfully implanted one of its wireless brain chips in a human for the first time.
科技界亿万富翁埃隆·马斯克（Elon Musk）宣布，他的Neuralink公司首次成功地将一款无线脑机芯片植入人体。
implant
implant /ˈɪm.plɑːnt/ 可以作名词，也可以作动词，表示“（手术中）植入，移植；（植入人体中的）移植物，植入物”，英文解释为“an organ, group of cells, or device that has been put into the body in a medical operation”
Initial results detected promising neuron spikes or nerve impulses and the patient is recovering well, he said.
他说，初步结果显示，初步结果显示神经元尖峰或神经冲动活跃，患者恢复良好。
neuron
neuron /ˈnjʊə.rɒn/ 表示“神经元，神经细胞”，英文解释为“a nerve cell that carries information between the brain and other parts of the body”
spike
spike /spaɪk/ 在年度词汇盘点文章中基本都会出现这个词，1）作名词，可以理解为“峰值”或者“激增；猛增；急升”，英文解释为“a sharp increase in the magnitude or concentration of something”如：a spike in oil prices 油价的急剧上涨。
2）也可以作动词，同样表示“激增”，英文解释为“if the number or rate of something spikes, it increases quickly and by a large amount ”举个🌰：New orders have spiked in the last two years. 新订单在过去两年里激增。
3）作名词，表示“尖头，尖刺；（尤指金属的）尖状物”，英文解释为“a narrow, thin shape with a sharp point at one end, or something, especially a piece of metal, with this shape”
4）spikes表示“（某些运动鞋上的）防滑鞋钉；钉鞋”，英文解释为“a set of short, pointed pieces of metal or plastic, attached to the bottom of shoes worn for particular sports, that stop the person wearing the shoes from sliding on the ground, or shoes with these pointed pieces”
nerve
nerve /nɜːv/ 表示“神经”，英文解释为“a group of long, thin fibres (= structures like threads) that carry information or instructions between the brain and other parts of the body”如：the optic nerve 视神经。
impulse
impulse /ˈɪm.pʌls/ 1）表示“脉冲”，英文解释为“a short electrical, radio, or light signal that carries information or instructions between the parts of a system”如：an electrical/nerve impulse 电脉冲/神经冲动。
2）表示“心血来潮的；一时的念头”，英文解释为“An impulse buy or impulse purchase is something that you decide to buy when you see it, although you had not planned to buy it.”举个🌰：The books were an impulse buy. 这些书是一时心血来潮买下的。
on (an) impulse 表示“一时兴起，心血来潮”，英文解释为“because you suddenly want to, although you haven't planned to”
The company's goal is to connect human brains to computers and it says it wants to help tackle complex neurological conditions.
Neuralink公司的目标是将人脑与计算机连接起来，旨在帮助解决复杂的神经系统疾病。
neurological
neurological /ˌnjʊərəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/ 表示“神经系统的；神经（病）学的”，英文解释为“Neurological means related to the nervous system.”
🎬电影《奇异博士》（Doctor Strange）中的台词提到：I'm talking tonight at a neurological society dinner. 我要在今晚神经学学会晚宴上演讲。
A number of rival companies have already implanted similar devices.
一些竞争对手公司已经植入了类似的设备。
rival
rival /ˈraɪ.vəl/ 作名词，表示“竞争对手；敌手”，英文解释为“a person, group, etc. competing with others for the same thing or in the same area”；
作动词，表示“可与…相媲美，比得上”，英文解释为“to be as good, clever, beautiful, etc. as someone or something else”举个🌰：No computer can rival a human brain for/in complexity. 没有任何计算机比得上人脑复杂。
BBC News has approached both Neuralink and the US's medical regulator, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for comment.
BBC新闻已就此向Neuralink公司和美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）请求置评。
Mr Musk's company was given permission to test the chip on humans by the FDA in May, a critical milestone after earlier struggles to gain approval.
今年5月，马斯克的公司获得FDA批准，可以在人类身上测试这款芯片，成为一个重要的里程碑，此前一直难以获批。
This gave the green light for the start of the six-year study during which a robot is being used to surgically place 64 flexible threads, thinner than a human hair, on to a part of the brain that controls "movement intention", according to Neuralink.
据Neuralink公司介绍，此次获批为这项为期六年的研究铺平了道路。研究期间将使用机器人通过手术将64根比人类头发丝还细的柔性线植入到大脑中控制“运动意图”的区域。
give the green light
give the green light to sth 表示“给…开绿灯，准许，许可”，英文解释为“to give permission for someone to do something or for something to happen”举个🌰：The council has given the green light to the new shopping centre. 政务委员会已经准许建设新购物中心。
thread
thread /θred/ 1）作名词，表示“（互联网上的）帖子，话题”，英文解释为“a connected group of pieces of writing on the internet, where people are talking about a particular subject”举个🌰：I was so glad to find this thread, and to know that lots of people have the same problem as me! 我很高兴看到这张帖子，发现很多人也有我同样的问题！
2）表示“线”，英文解释为“(a length of) a very thin fibre”如：needle and thread 针线；或者表示“（光、烟等）线状物，线状体”，英文解释为“a long, thin line of something such as light or smoke”举个🌰：A thin thread of light made its way through the curtains. 一缕光线透过帘子照进来。
3）作动词，表示“穿线于；使穿过”，英文解释为“to put something long and thin such as string or thread through a narrow hole or into a small space”如：to thread a needle 穿针；
4）表示“穿成串；串在一起”，英文解释为“to join two or more objects together by passing sth long and thin through them”如：to thread beads (onto a string) （在绳子上）把珠子串起来。
The company says that these threads allow its experimental implant - powered by a battery that can be charged wirelessly - to record and transmit brain signals wirelessly to an app that decodes how the person intends to move.
该公司称，这些线可以让其实验性植入物（由可无线充电的电池供电）记录大脑信号并以无线方式传输到到一个能够解码人类运动意图的应用程序。
transmit
transmit /trænzˈmɪt/ 1）表示“播送，发射，传送（信号）”，英文解释为“to broadcast something, or to send out or carry signals using radio, television, etc.”举个🌰：The information is transmitted electronically to the central computer. 这些信息以电子化的方式传送到中央计算机。
2）表示“传递;传播”，英文解释为“to pass something from one person or place to another”举个🌰：Cholera is transmitted through contaminated water. 霍乱是通过受污染的水传播的。
decode
decode /diːˈkəʊd/ 1）表示“解码，解读，解译”英文解释“if a computer decodes data , it receives it and changes it into a form that can be used by the computer or understood by a person.”举个🌰：Decoding the paintings is not difficult once you know what the component parts symbolize. 一旦明白了画中各部分的象征意义，也就不难搞清楚这幅画的含义了。
2）表示“正确理解（外语单词或短语）”，英文解释为“to understand the meaning of a word or phrase in a foreign language in the correct way”举个🌰：Grammatical information helps learners to decode sentences. 语法信息有助于学习者正确理解句子的含义。
Posting on X, the social media platform he owns which was formerly known as Twitter, Mr Musk said Neuralink's first product would be called Telepathy.
马斯克先生在他旗下社交媒体平台X（原推特）上发帖称，Neuralink公司的首款产品命名为“心灵感应”（Telepathy）。
telepathy
telepathy /təˈlep.ə.θi/ 表示“心灵感应（术）；通灵（术）”，英文解释为“the ability to know what is in someone else's mind, or to communicate with someone mentally, without using words or other physical signals”
Telepathy, he said, would enable "control of your phone or computer, and through them almost any device, just by thinking".
他说，心灵感应这款产品将实现“仅靠意念就能控制手机或电脑，进而几乎控制任何设备”。
"Initial users will be those who have lost the use of their limbs," he continued.
“首批使用者将是失去四肢功能的人，”他接着说。
limb
limb /lɪm/ 表示“肢体；树枝，树杈”，英文解释为“an arm or leg of a person or animal”举个🌰：The accident victims mostly had injuries to their lower limbs (= legs). 事故受害者大多腿上都有伤。
Referring to the late British scientist who had motor neurone disease, he added: "Imagine if Stephen Hawking could communicate faster than a speed typist or auctioneer. That is the goal."
在谈到患有运动神经元疾病的已故英国科学家史蒂芬·霍金（Stephen Hawking）时，他补充说：“想象一下，如果霍金能够以比速记员或拍卖师更快的速度进行交流。这就是我们的目标。”
typist
typist /ˈtaɪ.pɪst/ 表示“打字员”，英文解释为“a person whose job is to type letters, reports, and other documents”
auctioneer
auctioneer /ˌɔːk.ʃəˈnɪər/ 表示“拍卖人；拍卖商”，英文解释为“a person in charge of an auction who calls out the prices that people offer”
While Mr Musk's involvement raises the profile of Neuralink, he faces rivals, some of who have a track record dating back two decades. Utah-based Blackrock Neurotech implanted its first of many brain-computer interfaces in 2004.
虽然马斯克的参与提升了Neuralink公司的知名度，但他同样面临着不少竞争对手公司，其中一些公司的历史可以追溯到20年前。总部位于犹他州的Blackrock Neurotech公司于2004年植入了第一个脑机接口。
profile
profile /ˈprəʊ.faɪl/ 一词经常出现，1）表示“（有关某人的）简介，概况”，英文解释为“A profile of someone is a short article or programme in which their life and character are described.”举个🌰：A newspaper published comparative profiles of the candidates' wives. 一份报纸刊登了候选人妻子们的对比简介。
2）表示“关注度”，英文解释为“If someone has a high profile, people notice them and what they do. If you keep a low profile, you avoid doing things that will make people notice you.” 常用：a high profile 惹人注目/关注；高姿态，a low profile 不惹人注目，低姿态；如：a move that would give Egypt a much higher profile in the upcoming peace talks 会给埃及在即将到来的和平谈判中高关注度的一个行动。
📍如果你把微信语言设置成英文，你就会发现微信官方把头像处理成：Profile Photo，上面的“My Profile”对应的中文则是“个人信息”。
track record
track record /ˈtræk ˌrek.ɔːd/ 表示“业绩记录；成绩记录；过去的成绩或成就”，英文解释为“all the past achievements, successes or failures of a person or an organization”举个🌰：He has a proven track record in marketing. 他有可靠的销售业绩记录。
Precision Neuroscience, formed by a Neuralink co-founder, also aims to help people with paralysis. And its implant resembles a very thin piece of tape that sits on the surface of the brain and can be implanted via a "cranial micro-slit", which it says is a much simpler procedure.
由Neuralink公司联合创始人之一创立的Precision Neuroscience公司也致力于帮助瘫痪患者。该公司的植入物类似于一条非常薄的胶带，可放置在大脑表面，通过“颅骨微切口”植入，据称这是一种更简单的手术。
paralysis
paralysis /pəˈræl.ə.sɪs/ 1）表示“麻痹，瘫痪”，英文解释为“a condition in which you are unable to move all or part of your body because of illness or injury”举个🌰：Some nervous disorders can produce paralysis. 有些神经紊乱有可能会导致瘫痪。
2）表示“不知所措；（行动）瘫痪，停顿”，英文解释为“a situation in which you are unable to take action”
resemble
resemble /rɪˈzem.bəl/ 作动词，表示“像；看起来像；与…相似”，英文解释为“to look like or be like someone or something”举个🌰：You resemble your mother very closely. 你长得很像你妈妈。
cranial
cranial /ˈkreɪ.ni.əl/ 表示“颅的，头盖骨的”，英文解释为“of the skull”
micro
micro /ˈmaɪ.krəʊ/ 表示“小的，微小的”，英文解释为“very small”如：a microorganism 微生物。
slit
slit /slɪt/ 作动词，表示“撕裂，切开；在…上开狭长口子”，英文解释为“to make a long, straight, narrow cut in something”举个🌰：He slit open the envelope with a knife. 他用刀将信封裁开。
作名词，表示“狭长的切口；长而窄的口子；狭缝；裂缝”，英文解释为“a long narrow cut or opening”
procedure
procedure /prəˈsiːdʒə(r)/ 1）表示“程序；步骤；常规”，英文解释为“a set of actions that is the official or accepted way of doing something”举个🌰：The company has new procedures for dealing with complaints. 公司采取了新程序处理投诉事宜。
2）表示“医疗处理；手术”，英文解释为“a medical operation”举个🌰：It's a routine/standard surgical procedure. 这是一个普通的外科手术。
Existing devices have also generated results. In two separate recent US scientific studies, implants were used to monitor brain activity when a person tried to speak, which could then be decoded to help them communicate.
现有设备也取得了成果。在美国最近的两项独立科学研究中，利用植入物来监测人们试图说话时的大脑活动，然后解码这些活动，以帮助他们进行交流。
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