【双语社评】发展国产芯片，中国不能三心二意了
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The US Commerce Department on Monday banned American companies from selling components to China's telecommunications-gear maker ZTE Corp. With plenty of gadgets, especially chips, purchased from the US, ZTE will suffer heavy losses. The company has already halted trading of its shares in both Hong Kong and Shenzhen, and shares of its US suppliers fell sharply, with some tumbling more than 30 percent. (向下滑动查看中文内容)
美国商务部星期一下令禁止美国公司向中国中兴通讯出售产品，中兴将因此蒙受巨大损失。中兴产品有大量进口自美国的元器件，尤其是芯片。消息传出后，中兴A股、H股双双停牌，其美国供应商的股票大幅下跌，最严重的跌了30%以上。
The US launched an investigation into ZTE a long time ago. In 2016, Washington fined ZTE for shipping sanctioned telecommunication equipment to Iran and North Korea, but reconciliation was reached in 2017. This time Washington insisted that ZTE had not disciplined or reduced bonuses on employees it had promised to discipline. Observers believe that this is merely an excuse by the US. (向下滑动查看中文内容)
美方对中兴的调查由来已久，中兴被指控涉嫌向伊朗和朝鲜运送了受制裁的电信设备。2016年美方已对中兴有过制裁，2017年实现和解，但这一次美方称中兴在承诺处罚该公司员工问题上提供了虚假陈述。然而分析人士大多认为，这些不过是美方的借口。
As the case has lasted a long time, it's unclear whether the US, by issuing the ban, intends to pressure China on trade. But the event will for sure stir Chinese society and prompt us to speed up development of chips and other semi-conductor technologies. (向下滑动查看中文内容)
由于此案持续时间很长，美方现在这样做是否意在配合其向中方施加贸易压力，不好下断言。但是这件事肯定会触动中国社会，带动中国上下关于我们必须加快发展芯片等半导体核心技术的思考。
China still lags behind the US in technology. But after decades of reform and opening-up, China has laid a solid foundation and accumulated experiences in this regard. The key issue is that while globalization offers a more convenient and cheaper solution, it has also bred laziness. If importing chips is easier and more cost-effective than domestically producing them, the market will opt for purchasing them, and will become gradually reliant on foreign technologies. (向下滑动查看中文内容)
中国的整体技术力量低于美国，但是经过几十年的改革开放，我们也打下了相当的基础，积累了实力。问题在于我们处在全球化当中，全球化提供了解决问题更廉价的方案，这是一种方便，但也滋生了惰性。当购买芯片比自产芯片更加容易也更便宜时，就会形成一种市场取向，并使得对外部技术的依赖不断固化。
China has the capability to manufacture medium- and low-end chips. The production of high-end chips requires more input and a positive response from the market. If the $200 billion that China spends importing chips every year can be used to support domestic technologies, domestically made chips will accrue huge potential. Meanwhile, US high-tech companies will lose the impetus to upgrade their products if they lose the Chinese market. (向下滑动查看中文内容)
中国已经能够生产中低端的芯片，生产更精密的芯片需要更大投入，也需要市场的响应。中国每年进口2000多亿美元的芯片，如果这一巨大市场有相当一部分用来支持国产芯片的发展，那么这一发展就将不可阻挡。而一旦失去了中国的这部分市场，美国的高科技公司继续升级换代产品的后劲将丢掉一大块。
China has never questioned the reliability of US suppliers in the past. But ZTE's case suggests that US supply is not reliable. The global supply chain is fragile in the face of politics. Americans have started to reckon upon means to counter China's rise and restraints on high-tech exports to China are their leverage. The US may use this tool more widely in future. (向下滑动查看中文内容)
过去中国市场不怀疑美国供应商的信誉，没怎么去想美方如果断供会怎么样。但是中兴的遭遇证明了，美方的供应并不可靠。世界供应链在政治面前是脆弱的，美国人已经开始认真考虑如何遏制中国崛起，对华高科技出口限制是它的一直在使用的王牌，它今后很可能会扩大这张王牌的适用范围。
China must prepare for the worst and integrate resources to support the development of core technologies. China's technological exploration shouldn't be upset by US factors. It's time for China to make up its mind and develop domestic technologies. (向下滑动查看中文内容)
中国必须要做好应对更坏情况的准备，形成把本国市场组织起来支持核心技术发展的强大预案。我们不能被美方对华出口松一松、紧一紧而打乱自己开发本国核心技术的节奏，现在到了我们真正下决心的时候。
China is the world's largest telecommunications market and it makes sense for the country to offer up a slice of that market in exchange for technology. Now that the US refuses this approach, China should take advantage of the market to directly support domestic high-tech companies. There may be some difficulties during the process, but the country can overcome all hardships and realize technological renovation of domestic firms. (向下滑动查看中文内容)
中国是全球最大电信市场，而市场就是力量，我们一直希望以市场换技术，这是有道理的。美方很拒绝我们的做法，那我们就应该用这个市场直接扶持本国高技术公司的研发。或许在一段时间里，我们将比较困难，但这个困难期肯定能够度过去，结局将是中国本土公司的技术能力焕然一新。
China won't allow the US to use chips as a stick against it. China can take steps to replace foreign-made chips with domestic. The Trump administration is helping us Chinese make such a decision. Probably we Chinese will be grateful for Trump's ban some day in the future. (向下滑动查看中文内容)
我们肯定不能允许美方将芯片当做大棒对中国挥舞。中国有组织科技攻关的能力，也有推动国产芯片逐渐替代外来芯片所需要的动员力，最重要的就是决心。特朗普政府在帮助我们下这个决心。如果中国真的转换了思路，也许过多少年之后，我们会感谢美国今天做出的限制决定，庆幸它促使中国早一点恢复了清醒 。
本文系环球网、环球时报英文网站社评，中文部分略有删减。