研究综述:抑郁症饮食干预,哪些有效?哪些无效?
这是《肠道产业》第 111 篇文章
编者按:
抑郁症已成为一种非常普遍的疾病,影响着人类健康和社会经济。近期我们在国外媒体上看到不少学术和产业界对抑郁症相关饮食和营养干预的关注,以及精神益生菌等一些营养补充剂的研发。
今天我们特别编译了 2018 年 11 月 17 日发表在 Clinical Nutrition 期刊上的一篇综述,这篇有关抑郁症的饮食建议的综述是欧盟 FP7 资助的 MyNewGut 项目,由爱尔兰科克大学 APC 微生物组研究所 Ted Dinan 教授牵头,对饮食、情绪和微生物之间的关系进行了研究。
希望本文能够对学术和产业界人士有一定的参考价值,对关注抑郁症的读者也有一定的科普意义。
以下是《热心肠日报》对本文的简要解读:
饮食与抑郁症的关系
Clinical Nutrition [IF:6.402]
① 先天缺陷和后天压力等多种因素会协同导致抑郁,抑制促炎因子或兴奋下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴是治疗抑郁的关键机制;② 饮食经肠道菌群的代谢产物可通过肠神经系统、免疫系统或血液循环直接或间接影响大脑,进而影响抑郁,但其因果关系尚不明确;③ 地中海饮食结构(膳食富含水果、蔬菜、五谷杂粮)可增加肠道微生物多样性,有助于减轻抑郁症状;④ 抑郁症患者应主要摄入富含谷物和膳食纤维的饮食,限制摄入精制糖类同时配合适当的运动保健。
Feeding melancholic microbes: MyNewGut recommendations on diet and mood
2018-11-17, doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.11.010
【主编评语】抑郁症是一种非常普遍的疾病,在所有欧洲国家都会产生重大的经济影响。现在有大量证据支持肠道微生物对中枢神经化学和行为的影响,特别是压力相关的疾病,如抑郁症。最近的研究表明抑郁症患者有肠道生态失调。这种生态失调的原因尚不确定。已有证据表明地中海饮食的人抑郁率较低,因此应鼓励患有抑郁症或易患抑郁症的患者加强含有高含量谷物/纤维和鱼类的植物性饮食。(@玉龙潭)
饮食与抑郁症的关系:MyNewGut项目对饮食和情绪的建议
Feeding melancholic microbes:
MyNewGut recommendations on diet and mood
作者|Dinan TG等
编译|董丽娜
校审|617
在欧洲,抑郁症发病率逐年升高并造成了巨大的经济负担。目前认为,脑-肠-微生物轴是了解和治疗这一疾病的新方向。已有大量的证据支持肠道菌群对中枢神经系统的化学物质和神经通路异常,尤其是压力反应具有重要的影响。最近的研究显示,抑郁症患者存在肠道菌群失调但失调的原因尚不清楚。
近几十年来,欧洲和其它地区的饮食模式发生了很大的改变——饮食中红肉、高脂食物,以及精糖摄入量明显增加。地中海饮食人群的抑郁症发病率较低,最新的研究显示地中海饮食可能含有抗抑郁的成分。那么,地中海饮食中哪些成分介导了这种效应呢?高水平的多酚或多不饱和脂肪酸备受关注。
MyNewGut 推荐抑郁症患者或有抑郁倾向的人群加强植物性饮食,增加全谷物、膳食纤维和鱼类的摄取。
背景
脑-肠-微生物互作
精神疾病和肠道菌群失调
饮食和微生物
My New Gut 团队建议
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