Introduction的写作套路，你都Get到了吗？
当你准备开始撰写一篇英文论文的引言部分，请提前思考以下三个问题：
作者一般如何开始撰写引言部分的？
2
在你的引言部分需要包括哪类信息，并以何种顺序呈现？
3
作者一般如何结束引言部分的？
其实，引言的写作也有规律可循，本文将会从结构和词汇的角度给你提供一些较为实用的建议。
引言部分通常可以分成四个步骤，每一个模块都有各自的作用和意义。你可以以此建立一个模板并且依照这个顺序来写作，那么你的引言在逻辑结构上一定是清晰明了且符合科技论文的规范和要求。
引言的常规写作顺序：
1
确立你的研究领域的重要性
简述研究的背景知识和信息
为标题中出现的专业术语给出明确的定义
提出研究领域存在的问题和/或当前研究热点
2
描述该研究领域在以往和/或当前的研究进展和贡献
3
说明你从研究中找到的一个合适的切入点
描述你的文章所要解决的问题
提出以待验证的预测
4
简述本文的研究内容
Tips：根据上述的写作纲要，引言部分大致可分为三段式来写作，其中2,3两部分可以合并到一个段落。
仅仅指出引言部分的写作顺序和写作内容可能还是会有些抽象。接下去会讨论一些写作示例，帮助科研作者们更好地理解这种流程化引言写作的方式。首先看一段比较简单的引言（10 sentences），但写作结构很完整，你可以来试着逐句分析一下作者在每个句子里想表达的内容。
The synthesis of flexible polymer blends from polylactide and rubber
Introduction
1 Polylactide (PLA) has received much attention in recent years due to its biodegradable properties, which offer important economic benefits. 2 PLA is a polymer obtained from corn and is produced by the polymerisation of lactide. 3 It has many possible uses in the biomedical field1 and has also been investigated as a potential engineering material.2,3 4 However, it has been found to be too weak under impact to be used commercially.4
1 阐明研究主题的重要性
2 提供一般背景信息
3 补充一些细节/特点
4 描述该领域存在的问题或当前研究焦点
5 One way to toughen polymers is to incorporate a layer of rubber particles5 and there has been extensive research regarding the rubber modification of PLA. 6 For example, Penney et al. showed that PLA composites could be prepared using blending techniques6 and more recently, Hillier established the toughness of such composites.7 7 However, although the effect of the rubber particles on the mechanical properties of copolymer systems was demonstrated over two years ago,8 little attention has been paid to the selection of an appropriate rubber component.
5 从提出问题过渡到文献综述
6 综述该领域的主要研究项目
7 指出本研究的切入点/创新点
8 The present paper presents a set of criteria for selecting such a component. 9 On the basis of these criteria it then describes the preparation of a set of polymer blends using PLA and a hydro-carbon rubber(PI). 10 This combination of two mechanistically distinct polymerisations formed a novel copolymer in which the incorporation of PI significantly increased flexibility.
8 概括本论文的研究内容
9 简述研究方法
10 声明研究结果
对于每个部分，下面分别展示了一些更通用的句型、短语或词汇示例，你也可以把它们当做引言部分的写作模板，套用到自己的稿件中。
Step 1
确立研究领域的重要性
• A major current focus in population management is how to ensure sustainability of…
• Numerous experiments have established that ionising radiation causes…
• Low-dose responses to radiation have generated considerable recent research interest.
• Analysis of change in the transportation sector is vital for two important reasons: …
• PDA accounts for over 95% of all pancreatic cancers.
• It is generally accepted that joints in steel frames operate in a semi-rigid fashion.
• Nanocrystalline oxide films are attracting widespread interest in fields such as…
• The importance of strength anisotropy has been demonstrated by…
• Convection heat transfer phenomena play an important role in the development of…
• For more than 100 years researchers have been observing the stress-strain behavior of…
• Much research in recent years has focused on carbon nanotubes.
该部分更多常用词组：
Step 2
早前/当前的研究贡献
• This phenomenon was demonstrated by…
• In their study, expanded T-cells were found in…
• Initial attempts focused on identifying the cause of…
• Weather severity has been shown to…
• Early data was interpreted in the study by…
• The algorithm has been proposed for these applications…
• The results on pair dispersion were reported in…
• Their study suggested a possible cause for…
• An alternative approach was developed by…
该部分更多常用词组：
Step 3
差距/疑问/难题/评论
• Few researchers have addressed the problem of…
• There remains a need for an efficient method that can…
• However, light scattering techniques have been largely unsuccessful to date.
• The high absorbance makes this an impractical option in cases where…
• Unfortunately, these methods do not always guarantee…
• An alternative approach is necessary.
• The function of these proteins remains unclear.
• These can be time-consuming and are often technically difficult to perform.
• Although this approach improves performance, it results in an unacceptable number of…
• Previous work has focused only on…
• However, the experimental configuration was far from optimal.
该部分更多常用词组：
Step 4
当前的研究工作
• This paper focuses on…
• The purpose of this study is to describe and examine…
• In order to investigate the biological significance…
• In this paper we present…
• New correlations were developed with excellent results…
• In the present study we performed…
• This paper introduces a scheme which solves these problems.
• The approach we have used in this study aims to…
• This study investigated the use of…
• In this report we test the hypothesis that…
• This paper is organized as follows:…
该部分更多常用词组：
到此为止，你已经了解如何来撰写一篇论文的引言部分，至少在结构和词汇方面你不会再感到无所适从。现在你可以回答本文开篇提到的三个问题了吗？
”参考资料：
Hilary Glasman-Deal. Science Research Writing - A Guide for Non-Native Speakers of English
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