美国36%的发明来自移民贡献；Viking指控中国歌礼侵犯商业秘密；诺华将支付2.45亿美元

编辑制作：China IP 国际部

录音：李秀琴

Overview

一周概览

Focus

1. US Immigrants Generate 36% of Nation’s Innovation

美国36%的发明创新成果来自海外移民的贡献

2. US Copyright Office Sets Sights on Artificial Intelligence in 2023

美国版权局2023年将聚焦于人工智能问题

3. Ryanair, Wizz Air and easyJet face Italy antitrust inquiry

意大利反垄断监管机构对瑞安、威兹、易捷航空展开调查

4. CNKI hit with 87.6 million yuan after antitrust probe

知网因反垄断行为被罚8760万元

IP Practice

5. Intel, VLSI Agree to End $4.1 Billion Delaware Chip Patent Case

英特尔、VLSI同意结束价值41亿美元的特拉华州芯片专利案

6. Viking accuses Chinese Ascletis of infringing fatty liver disease drug secrets

Viking指控中国歌礼公司侵犯脂肪肝药物商业机密

7. Novartis to pay $245 mln to end antitrust cases over Exforge drug generics

诺华将支付2.45亿美元结束Exforge仿制药反垄断案件8. Apple Watches violate AliveCor patents but import ban on hold -U.S. ITC

ITC裁定Apple Watch侵犯AliveCor专利，但暂不执行禁令

Case Analysis

9. Southcorp Brands Pty Ltd. v. Huaian City Huaxia Manor Brewing Co., Ltd. et al.

“奔富”葡萄酒商标侵权纠纷案：未注册驰名商标抢注的侵权认定问题

Focus

1

US Immigrants Generate 36% of Nation’s Innovation

美国36%的发明创新成果来自海外移民的贡献

Immigrant inventors in the US are substantially more productive than native-born scientists, according to a paper from the National Bureau of Economic Research. About 36% of the innovative output of the past three decades can be attributed to immigrants — who make up 16% of the country’s inventors, the paper concludes. Foreign-born inventors are directly behind almost a quarter of all patents, and their work indirectly contributes to additional findings by US-born scientists. The researchers looked at metrics including the number of patents, patent citations and the economic value of patents since 1990. The contribution of high-skilled immigrants is broad — not particularly concentrated in specific sectors — but they generate a significant share of innovative output in the technology, medical and chemical industries, according to the study.

根据美国国家经济研究局（NBER）的一篇论文，美国的移民发明家比本土科学家更加高产。该论文总结称，在过去30年间，美国约有36%的创新成果由移民贡献，这些移民占美国发明者总数的16%。接近四分之一的专利的幕后发明者是外国出生的发明家，他们的工作间接地推动了美国本土科学家的发明。研究人员研究了自1990年以来的专利数量、专利引用次数和专利的经济价值等指标。根据这项研究，高技能移民的贡献是广泛的，并非集中在特定的部门，他们在科技、医疗以及化学等领域的创新中都贡献了相当大的份额。

2

US Copyright Office Sets Sights on Artificial Intelligence in 2023

美国版权局2023年将聚焦于人工智能问题

The US Copyright Office over the next year will focus on addressing legal gray areas that surround copyright protections and artificial intelligence, amid increasing concerns that IP policy is lagging behind technology. The agency is standing by its decision that a copyright can’t be registered for a work created exclusively by an AI—an issue at the heart of an ongoing lawsuit against the office, according to the report. The office is currently defending itself against a federal lawsuit filed earlier this year by inventor Stephen Thaler, who argues that copyright protections should cover works created entirely by artificial intelligence. Shira Perlmutter, register of copyrights and the office’s director, said the office, which rejected Thaler’s registration application, applied existing case law to determine that human authorship is a prerequisite for copyright protection. However, Perlmutter, said the office is exploring open questions on copyright registration for works created by humans in conjunction with AI.

随着人们对知识产权政策落后于技术的普遍担心，美国版权局2023年将专注于解决围绕版权保护和人工智能的法律灰色地带。版权局目前坚持专门由人工智能创作的作品不能注册版权。据悉，这是针对版权局提起的一起诉讼中的核心争议。版权局目前正在为今年早些时候发明家Stephen Thaler提起的联邦诉讼进行辩护。Stephen Thaler认为版权保护应该涵盖完全由人工智能创作的作品。版权局局长Shira Perlmutter称，版权局根据现有的判例法确定人类作者身份是版权保护的先决条件，因此拒绝了Thaler的注册申请。然而，版权局局长Shira Perlmutter称，版权局正在探索关于人类与人工智能共同创作的作品的版权注册问题。

3

Ryanair, Wizz Air and easyJet face Italy antitrust inquiry

意大利反垄断监管机构对瑞安、威兹、易捷航空展开调查

Italy's antitrust regulator has opened an inquiry into possible price-fixing for flights in and out of Sicily by airlines including Ryanair, Wizz Air and easyJet. The investigation follows a complaint by consumer group Codacons, which alleged a specific collusive will of airlines to raise prices for domestic flights to and from Sicily during the Christmas holidays, the regulator said in its weekly bulletin. The complaint also targeted state-owned ITA Airways, it added. The antitrust authority said its inquiry would be completed by the end of next year.

意大利反垄断监管机构已经对瑞安航空、威兹航空和易捷航空等航空公司进出西西里岛航班的价格垄断问题展开了调查。该监管机构在其每周公告中表示，意大利消费者权益协会Codacons投诉称，几家航空公司串通在圣诞节期间提高往返西西里岛的国内航班价格。起诉书还针对国有ITA航空公司。意大利反垄断机构表示，其调查将于明年年底完成。

4

CNKI hit with 87.6 million yuan after antitrust probe

知网因反垄断行为被罚8760万元

On December 26, the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) imposed on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China’s largest online academic database, a fine of 87.6 million yuan for its monopoly behavior, accounting for 5 percent of CNKI's domestic revenue last year. Since 2014, CNKI has abused its dominant position to sell its database services at unfairly high prices. It has also restricted academic journals and universities by signing exclusive cooperation agreements. Such practices have impeded competition within China's academic database service market, infringed on the legitimate rights and interests of users, and affected the innovation and development of related markets and academic exchanges. 

12月26日，国家市场监管总局（SAMR）就知网的垄断行为对其处以8760万元的罚款，占知网2021年中国境内销售额的5%。据悉自2014年以来，知网一直滥用其主导地位，以不公平的高价出售其数据库服务。知网还通过签署独家合作协议来限制学术期刊和大学向第三方授权。知网的行为限制了中文学术文献网络数据库服务市场竞争，侵害了用户合法权益，影响了相关市场创新发展和学术交流传播，违反了反垄断法。

IP Practice

5

Intel, VLSI Agree to End $4.1 Billion Delaware Chip Patent Case

英特尔、VLSI同意结束价值41亿美元的特拉华州芯片专利案

Intel Corp. and VLSI Technology LLC took action to end a $4.1 billion legal battle in Delaware over five VLSI-owned microchip patents on Tuesday. VLSI agreed to dismiss its patent claims in the case, and Intel agreed to drop its counterclaims, with neither paying the other, the parties said in a joint filing with the US District Court for the District of Delaware. The stipulation also said VLSI had agreed to a covenant not to sue Intel or its suppliers or customers over the five patents at issue. The case began in June 2018. VLSI sued Intel for infringement of its five chip-related patents previously acquired from a Dutch-owned semiconductor company, seeking damages of as much as $4.12 billion.

周二，英特尔公司和VLSI技术有限责任公司采取行动，结束了在特拉华州41亿美元的法律诉讼，该诉讼涉及VLSI拥有的五项微芯片专利。双方在向美国特拉华州地区法院提交的联合文件中表示，VLSI同意撤回该案中的专利主张，英特尔同意放弃反诉，但双方均不支付对方费用。根据双方达成的协议，VLSI还同意不再就这五项争议专利起诉英特尔或其供应商及客户。该案始于2018年6月，VLSI起诉英特尔侵犯了其购自一家荷兰半导体公司的5项芯片相关专利，索赔高达41.2亿美元。

6

Viking accuses Chinese Ascletis of infringing fatty liver disease drug secrets

Viking指控中国歌礼公司侵犯脂肪肝药物商业机密

Biopharma company Viking Therapeutics Inc sued China-based Ascletis Bioscience Co in California federal court Thursday, alleging Ascletis stole trade secrets related to its leading liver-disease drug candidate to develop its own competitor. Viking said it shared confidential information about its drug while discussing a collaboration with Ascletis, which it called a "ruse" for Ascletis to steal its secrets. Viking asked the court for an unspecified amount of money damages, an order declaring it the rightful owner of products and intellectual property derived from its trade secrets, and a permanent block on development of the allegedly copied drug.

生物制药公司Viking Therapeutic周四在加州联邦法院对中国歌礼生物科技有限公司提起诉讼，指控歌礼窃取了其领先的肝病候选药物的商业秘密，以开发竞争药物。Viking表示，在与歌礼就合作事宜进行商讨时，Viking分享了有关其药物的机密信息。Viking称这是歌礼窃取其商业秘密的策略。Viking要求法院赔偿数额不详的金钱损失，宣布Viking为来自其商业秘密的产品和知识产权的合法所有者，并永久禁止歌礼开发窃密复制药物。

7

Novartis to pay $245 mln to end antitrust cases over Exforge drug generics

诺华将支付2.45亿美元结束Exforge仿制药反垄断案件

Novartis AG said on Wednesday it will pay $245 million to end antitrust litigation accusing the Swiss drugmaker of trying to delay the launch in the United States of generic versions of its Exforge hypertension drug. The settlements require approval by a federal judge in Manhattan, and will resolve all outstanding claims against the company over the matter, Novartis said. In 2018, several purchasers and retailers filed a class action against Novartis, accusing the company of entering an illegal "reverse payment" license agreement in 2011 with Par Pharmaceutical to delay launches of less expensive, generic versions of Exforge. According to the agreement, Par agreed not to launch an Exforge generic for two years after the expiration of one of Novartis's patents, and Novartis agreed not to compete with Par by launching its own Exforge generic during the 180-day exclusivity period following Par's entry into the market.

瑞士制药巨头诺华周三表示，将支付2.45亿美元结束一起反垄断诉讼，该诉讼指控诺华试图推迟其高血压药物Exforge的仿制药在美国上市。诺华表示，和解协议将解决针对该公司的所有未决索赔，但需得到曼哈顿联邦法官的批准。2018年，几家购买商和零售商对诺华提起集体诉讼，指控诺华制药与Par Pharmaceutical于2011年达成一项非法的“反向付款”许可协议，以推迟推出价格较低的Exforge仿制药。根据该协议，Par同意在诺华的一项专利到期后的两年内不推出Exforge仿制药，而诺华也同意在Par进入市场后的180天排他性期限内不通过推出自己的Exforge仿制药与Par进行竞争。

8

Apple Watches violate AliveCor patents but import ban on hold -U.S. ITC

ITC裁定Apple Watch侵犯AliveCor专利，但暂不执行禁令

Apple Watches with an electrocardiogram (ECG) function infringe patents belonging to medical device maker AliveCor Inc, the U.S. International Trade Commission affirmed last Thursday. The ITC said imports of the infringing watches should be banned, but that it would not enforce a ban until appeals were finished in a separate dispute before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), where a panel found AliveCor's patents invalid earlier this month. AliveCor accused Apple last year of infringing three patents related to its KardiaBand, an Apple Watch accessory that monitors a user's heart rate, detects irregularities and performs an ECG to identify heart problems like atrial fibrillation.

美国国际贸易委员会ITC上周四裁定，搭载心电图功能的Apple Watch侵犯了医疗器械制造商Allive Cor的专利。ITC表示应该禁止进口侵权手表，但在美国专利商标局USPTO的另一起纠纷上诉结束之前，ITC不会执行该禁令。本月早些时候，一个专家组裁定AliveCor的专利无效。AliveCor去年指控苹果公司侵犯了与KardiaBand相关的三项专利。KardiaBand是苹果手表配件，可以监测用户的心率，检测不正常，并通过心电图识别房颤等心脏问题。

Case Analysis

9

For a trademark which is well known to the public but is not approved for registration due to others' squatting, the people's court may, upon the parties’ request in the trademark infringement case, consider a lot of factors such as the use duration, promotional investment, scope, degree and protection records about the trademark, and may legally identify it as an unregistered well-known trademark and protect it. If anyone, in violation of the good faith principle, by using the principle of applying for trademark registration first, with the knowledge that a trademark is a well-known trademark not yet registered by others in China, applies for registration or receives by assignment a trademark identical or similar to the unregistered well-known trademark and uses it on the identical or similar goods to obtain improper benefits, causing damage to the right holder, the people's court may, upon the request of the right holder, rule the first person to stop the use and compensate for the losses.

对于相关公众广为知晓但因他人抢注而未能核准注册的商标，人民法院可以根据当事人请求，在商标侵权案件中结合该商标使用持续时间、宣传投入、范围、程度以及受保护记录等因素，依法认定为未注册驰名商标并予以保护。行为人违反诚实信用原则，对于明知是他人未在中国注册的驰名商标，利用商标注册先申请原则，抢先申请注册或受让与该未注册驰名商标相同或近似的商标，并使用在相同或者类似商品上，获得不当利益，给权利人造成损害的，人民法院可以根据权利人请求，判决行为人停止使用并赔偿损失。

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编译：China IP 国际部

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