诺奖话题：肿瘤免疫治疗的最新8篇高分综述

我们知道今年的诺贝尔生理或医学奖是颁给了James P. Allison 和Tasuku Honjo，获奖理由是发现了通过抑制免疫负调节治疗肿瘤。我们知道每年诺奖颁布后都有一批同学想在申请基金的时候向诺奖靠拢（免疫治疗如何应用到2019年国自然申请中？）今天我们就来梳理一下肿瘤免疫治疗的最新高分综述：

1. Cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade.Science 2018 03 23 ;359(6382)

这篇发表在Science杂志上的综述对通过阻断免疫检查点CTLA-4和PD-1进行肿瘤治疗的研究进行了综述：

Fig. 1. Blockade of CTLA-4 and of PD-1 and PD-L1 to induce antitumor responses

Fig. 2. Timing of clinical development of anti–CTLA-4, anti–PD-1, and anti–PD-L1 antibodies, from first administration to humans to FDA approval.

Fig. 3. Mechanism of action of PD-1–blockade therapy

2. The microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: Diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies.Science 2018 03 23 ;359(6382)

这篇综述也是Science杂志上的文章，主要从微生物菌群角度对肿瘤免疫治疗进行了介绍：

Fig. 1. The microbiome at the crossroads between physiology and pathology in cancer

Fig. 2. Harnessing the microbiome for the discovery of diagnosis and therapeutic tools in cancer.

3. The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Cancer, Immunity, and CancerImmunotherapy.Cancer Cell 2018 Apr 09 ;33(4)

这篇综述发表在杂志上，与上篇Science类似，讲的也是肠道微生物与肿瘤和免疫治疗这话题：

Figure 1. The Microbiome and Immunity

4. Targeting Programmed Cell Death -1 (PD-1) and Ligand (PD-L1): A new era in cancer active immunotherapy.Pharmacol. Ther（IF 10.3）. 2018 Sep 28

这篇综述重点介绍的是通过靶向调控PD-1/PD-L1进行肿瘤免疫治疗：

A. Inhibitory or activation effects of interactions between the surface membrane receptors on antigen presenting cells (APC) or tumor cells and T-lymphocytes; 

B. T-Cell antitumor response. 

PD-1 signaling pathway inhibits TCR signaling.

Timeline of PD-1 discovery and PD-L1/2 antibodies development. 

5. CTLA-4: a moving target in immunotherapy. Blood 2018 01 04 ;131(1)

这篇综述主要围绕CTLA-4在免疫治疗中的作用展开：

Figure 1 – Schematic of CTLA-4 cell biology

Figure 2 – CTLA-4 function and the impact of immune checkpoint blockade

6. Mouse Models for Cancer Immunotherapy Research.Cancer Discov 2018 Oct 11

如题，这篇综述介绍的是肿瘤免疫治疗研究中的小鼠模型：

Figure 1.  Preclinical murine models for evaluation of immuno-oncology agents.

7. The hallmarks of successful anticancer immunotherapy.Sci Transl Med 2018 Sep 19 ;10(459)

肿瘤免疫治疗成功的标志有哪些？

Fig. 1. Malignant cells in the regulation of tumor-targeting immune responses driven by immunotherapy.

Fig. 2. Impact of the tumor infiltrate on clinical responses to immunotherapy. 

Fig. 3. Regulation of anticancer immunity by the tumor stroma and endothelium.

Fig. 4. Systemic hallmarks of successful anticancer immunotherapy.

8. Biochemical Aspects of PD-L1 Regulation in Cancer Immunotherapy.Trends Biochem. Sci. 2018 Oct 01

文章综述了PDL1表达的调控因素：

Figure 1. A Schematic Illustration of the Molecular Mechanism for Reactivating T Cells Using PD-1/PD-L1 Blocking Antibodies

Figure 2. Inhibition of Epigenetic Modifiers Lead to Activate Interferon Signaling Pathways Largely through Increasing Endogenous Retroviral Elements (ERVs). 

Figure 3. Genetic, Epigenetic, and MicroRNAs Regulation of PD-L1. 

Figure 4. Upstream Signaling Pathways Regulating PD-L1 at Transcriptional Level.

Figure 5. PD-L1 Regulation by Post-translational Modifications (PTMs). 

Figure 6. DNA Damage Signaling Pathways Regulating PD-L1 at Transcriptional Level.

好，八篇综述就介绍到这里了，如果对文章感兴趣，可以通过Sci-hub下载。

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