国际视野 | Nature Climate Change-2019第五期
Volume 9 Issue 5,
May 2019
Image:
Zhitong Zheng.
Cover Design:
Tulsi Voralia.
输
Combatting plastics emissions
The life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from plastic products are expected to increase, and could represent a substantial portion of the global carbon budget by 2050 if current trends are followed. An analysis of mitigation strategies finds that, to keep emissions below the 2015 level, an aggressive strategy of decarbonizing energy infrastructure, improving recycling, adopting bio-based plastics and reduction in demand, is required.
译：防止塑料排放
预计塑料产品的生命周期温室气体排放量将增加，如果遵循当前趋势，到2050年可能占全球碳预算的很大一部分。 对减缓战略的分析发现，为了将排放量保持在2015年以下水平，需要采取积极的战略，即对能源基础设施进行脱碳，改善回收利用，采用生物基塑料并减少需求。
See Zheng and Suh.
Editorial
Editorial | 26 April 2019
Future thinking
The unexpected swell of action, sparked by a Swedish teenager, has put climate change back on the political radar. With time on their side, youth will experience longer term climate change impacts more than those in decision making positions, meaning they want a say in their future.
译：未来的想法
由瑞典青少年引发的意外膨胀行动使气候变化重新回到政治雷达上。随着时间的推移，青年人将比决策者更能体验到长期的气候变化影响，这意味着他们希望在未来有发言权。
Correspondence
Correspondence | 22 April 2019
Foresight must guide geoengineering research and development
Andrew Lenton, Philip W. Boyd […] & Kathryn M. Emmerson
译：前瞻必须指导地球工程的研究和开发
Comment
Comment | 25 March 2019
The future is collaborative
The way in which climate change research funds are managed is shifting dramatically toward investments in large collaborative research networks. This poses significant challenges for researchers, and requires changes from the institutions and funders that support them.
G. Cundill, B. Currie-Alder & M. Leone
译：未来是合作的
管理气候变化研究基金的方式正在急剧转向大型合作研究网络的投资。这给研究人员带来了重大挑战，需要支持他们的机构和资助者做出改变。
Comment | 08 April 2019
Model-based assessments for long-term climate strategies
Many countries are formulating a long-term climate strategy to be submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change by 2020. Model-based, multi-disciplinary assessments can be a key ingredient for informing policy makers and engaging stakeholders in this process.
Matthias Weitzel, Toon Vandyck […] & Bert Saveyn
译：基于模型的长期气候战略评估
许多国家正在制定一项长期气候战略，以便在2020年之前提交给“联合国气候变化框架公约”。基于模型的多学科评估可以成为向决策者提供信息并让利益相关者参与这一进程的关键因素。
Books & Arts
Books & Arts | 26 April 2019
Fundamentals point to carbon capture
Hannah Chalmers
译：基本面指向碳捕获
Feature
Feature | 26 April 2019
Looking past the horizon of 2100
Long-term climate dynamics and impacts from sea level rise to heat stress make the case for much stronger mitigation efforts today
Sonja van Renssen
译：展望2100
长期的气候动态以及海平面上升对热应激的影响为更强的减缓措施提供了理由。
Research Highlights
Research Highlight | 26 April 2019
Mosquitos on the march
Alastair Brown
译：蚊虫肆虐
Research Highlight | 26 April 2019
Land protection benefits
Adam Yeeles
译：土地保护的好处
Research Highlight | 26 April 2019
A stronger South Asian monsoon
Baird Langenbrunner
译：一个更强大的南亚季风
Research Highlight | 26 April 2019
Fen drying versus warming
Laura Zink
译：Fen干燥与变暖
News & Views
News & Views | 22 April 2019
Feeling the heat is not enough
Climate change exposes more people to heat waves and other extreme weather events. New research shows that experiencing a heat wave can affect concerns about energy security, but not enough to change behaviour.
Peter D. Howe
译：感觉到热还不够
气候变化使更多人受到热浪和其他极端天气事件的影响。新研究表明，体验热浪可能会影响对能源安全的担忧，但不足以改变行为。
News & Views | 22 April 2019
Oscillating American winter temperatures
North American winters have varied from mild to extremely cold in recent years. Now, research provides a framework for understanding these changing temperature extremes.
Stephen Baxter
译：美国冬季气温涛动
近年来，北美的冬季从微冷变到极冷。现在，研究为理解这些极端温度变化提供了一个框架。
News & Views | 22 April 2019
The fate of Amazonia
A fifty-year observational record of Central Amazon forest reveals the multifaceted nature of tree death and concerning signs of vulnerability to increasing heat.
Emanuel Gloor
译：亚马逊的命运
亚马逊中部森林的五十年观测记录揭示了树木死亡的多方面性质以及易受热量增加影响的迹象。
News & Views | 26 April 2019
Experimenting with multistressors
Bronwyn Wake
译：试验多压力源
Review Articles
Review Article | 15 April 2019
Contributions of GRACE to understanding climate change
The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission, launched in 2002, allows monitoring of changes in hydrology and the cryosphere with terrestrial and ocean applications. This Review Article focuses on its contribution to the detection and quantification of climate change signals.
Byron D. Tapley, Michael M. Watkins […] & Isabella Velicogna
译：GRACE对理解气候变化的贡献
2002年启动的重力恢复和气候试验（GRACE）任务允许通过陆地和海洋应用监测水文和冰冻圈的变化。本综述文章侧重于其对气候变化信号检测和量化的贡献。
Letters
Letter | 22 April 2019
The UK summer heatwave of 2018 and public concern over energy security
The frequency of extreme weather events is increasing due to climate change. Here, the authors exploit regional variation in the UK summer heatwave of 2018 and find that exposure to extreme temperatures influenced concern about energy security.
Shaun Larcom, Po-Wen She & Terry van Gevelt
译：英国2018年的夏季热浪以及公众对能源安全的关注
由于气候变化，极端天气事件的频率正在增加。在这里，作者研究了2018年英国夏季热浪的区域变化，发现暴露在极端温度下会影响对能源安全的关注。
Letter | 15 April 2019
Strategies to reduce the global carbon footprint of plastics
The life-cycle GHG emissions from plastics are expected to increase. Here, it is shown that an aggressive strategy of decarbonizing energy infrastructure, improving recycling, adopting bio-based plastics and reducing demand is required to keep emissions below 2015 levels.
Jiajia Zheng & Sangwon Suh
译：减少塑料全球碳足迹的战略
预计塑料的生命周期温室气体排放量将增加。在此，需要采取积极的战略，即将能源基础设施脱碳，改善回收利用，采用生物基塑料并减少需求，以使排放量保持在2015年以下水平。
Letter | 18 March 2019
Unchanged frequency of moraine-dammed glacial lake outburst floods in the Himalaya
Melting glaciers are increasing Himalayan glacial lakes and potentially the risk of outburst floods. An advanced automated algorithm identifies glacial lake outburst floods from Landsat images since the late 1980s to improve understanding of these events and trends in their frequency.
Georg Veh, Oliver Korup[…] & Ariane Walz
译：喜马拉雅山的冰碛冰川湖爆发洪水的频率不变
融化的冰川正在增加喜马拉雅冰川湖泊，并可能造成突发洪水的风险。先进的自动算法识别20世纪80年代后期以来Landsat影像中的冰湖溃决洪水，以提高对这些事件及其频率趋势的理解。
Letter | 22 April 2019
Amazonian rainforest tree mortality driven by climate and functional traits
Fifty years of monthly observation of rainforest canopy trees in the Central Amazon reveals that drought, heat, storms and extreme rain can all increase tree mortality. Pioneers, softwoods and evergreen functional groups were particularly vulnerable.
Izabela Aleixo, Darren Norris […] & Lourens Poorter
译：由气候和功能特征驱动的亚马逊雨林树死亡率
对于亚马逊中部雨林冠层树木50年的月尺度观察表明，干旱，炎热，暴风雨和极端降雨都会增加树木的死亡率。先锋植物，软木和常绿功能群尤为脆弱。
Articles
Article | 22 April 2019
Asserting the climate benefits of the coal-to-gas shift across temporal and spatial scales
The benefits of using natural gas as a bridge fuel are often called into question. A coal-to-gas shift in China, Germany, India and the United States is broadly consistent with climate stabilization goals in the Paris Agreement, except when metrics emphasizing very short-term outcomes are used.
Katsumasa Tanaka, Otávio Cavalett […] & Francesco Cherubini
译：时间和空间尺度上的煤转气的气候效益评估
使用天然气作为桥梁燃料的好处经常被质疑。中国，德国，印度和美国的煤转气与“巴黎协定”中的气候稳定目标基本一致，除非使用强调非常短期结果的指标。
Article | 08 April 2019
Climate damages and adaptation potential across diverse sectors of the United States
In this Article, modelling results from a consistent set of sectoral climate change impact models, covering 22 impact sectors of the United States, are summarized. Findings are complex, but largely negative and expensive.
Jeremy Martinich & Allison Crimmins
译：美国各个部门的气候损害和适应潜力
在本文中，总结了涵盖美国22个影响部门的一致的部门气候变化影响模型的模拟结果。调查结果很复杂，但很大程度上是消极和昂贵的。
Article | 01 April 2019
Reconciling opposing Walker circulation trends in observations and model projections
The Pacific Walker circulation is predicted to weaken, however, observations suggest a current strengthening. Satellite humidity observations show a weaker response than reanalyses; coupled with model simulations, this suggests that internal variability dominates recent strengthening.
Eui-Seok Chung, Axel Timmermann […] & Viju O. John
译：在观测和模型预测中调和相反的沃克环流趋势
预计太平洋沃克环流会减弱，但观测结果显示目前正在加强。卫星湿度观测显示反应比重新分析更弱; 加上模型模拟，这表明内部变化主导了近期的强化。
Article | 22 April 2019
Tropical influence on the North Pacific Oscillation drives winter extremes in North America
Interdecadal modulations in the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) influence North American winter temperatures. An eastward shift of the NPO in recent decades has increased its influence, resulting in more extremes, depending on the NPO phase.
Mi-Kyung Sung, Hye-Young Jang[…] & Changhyun Yoo
译：对北太平洋涛动的热带影响驱动了北美的冬季极端事件
北太平洋涛动（NPO）的年代际调制影响北美冬季气温。近几十年来北太平洋涛动的东移增加了其影响力，导致更多的极端情况，这取决于北太平洋涛动的相位。
Article | 15 April 2019
Advances in phenology are conserved across scale in present and future climates
Spaceborne thermal observation is used to monitor discrete phenophases of forest understory plants in near-real time and the thermal relationship is used to project phenological changes under future climates.
David N. Laskin, Gregory J. McDermid[…] & Alessandro Montaghi
译：跨尺度是当前和未来的气候中物候学的前沿
星载热观测用于近实时监测森林林下植物的离散物候，热关系用于预测未来气候下的物候变化。
来源：
Nature Climate Change
说明：
小编翻译了部分题目及摘要，但专业能力有限，若有不当之处，还请读者指正！
整理、排版：地小联
责任编辑：梁龙武
审核：任宇飞 、王波涛
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