期刊动态 | 翻译学SSCI期刊Perspectives 2020年第3期摘要

2020年第3期摘要

Article

Journalistic translation research goes global: theoretical and methodological considerations five years on

Roberto A. Valdeón

This article presents an overview of the publications on journalistic translation research spanning the period 2015-present day. It includes three sections that highlight the main theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches used by researchers, namely discourse analysis and linguistics, sociology, and communication/journalism studies. As regards the latter, particularly relevant is the use of the concepts of framing, gatekeeping and convergence. These sections lead to a discussion of mixed method approaches, as defended and used by many researchers, and also serve to introduce the contributions to this issue, which represent the geographical, theoretical and methodological variety that now characterises journalistic translation research.

Article

The translation of ‘transparency’ in the Canadian press: an inquiry into symbolic power

Pier-Pascale Boulanger & Chantal Gagnon

Despite new transparency regulation in 2002, a lack of transparency was identified only five years later among the causes of the financial crisis in North America. With this paradox in mind, the authors investigated the terms ‘transparency’ and ‘transparence’ in a corpus of seven Canadian newspapers (English and French) comprising nine million words, from the Dot-com crash of 2001 to the subprime crisis of 2007–2008. When contrasted with a test corpus of annual reports, the press corpus showed that during this period journalists mentioned ‘transparency’ intermittently, and most frequently in 2007–2008, whereas the banks used it with a steady increase. When represented on a Transparency Perception Continuum, the data showed the press as critically pointing to a lack of transparency, and the banks as positively or neutrally discussing transparency. It was also evidenced that English-Canadian reporters used a wider array of sources than did their French-speaking counterparts when recasting statements on transparency. The francophone press seldom quoted American sources, selecting instead statements originally made in French by local banks in the province of Québec. The findings show that by avoiding translation the French-Canadian press contributed to a more bank-centric view on transparency, entangled in the production of a dominant discourse.

Article

The role of stylistic features in constructing representations of Muslims and France in English online news about terrorism in France

Ashley Riggs

Part of a larger study on style and cultural representation in the online news of three European countries, this article examines a corpus of news articles from the online versions of The Guardian and The Telegraph about the terrorist attack that took place in Nice, France in July 2016. Specifically, modality, use of the term ‘jihad’, and treatment of ‘integration’ and of Muslims are analyzed, and instances of alliteration and metaphor observed, to determine how these elements contribute to shaping journalistic representation of the event, Muslims and French society more generally. Preliminary findings suggest that both English news sources sometimes use modality to give suppositions a patina of fact, but that The Telegraph uses ‘reportedly’ and ‘alleged(ly)’ more often. In addition, The Guardian journalists sometimes misuse the term ‘jihad’ and its derivatives, despite the clear indications about this term that are provided in the editorial guidelines, while this does not occur in The Telegraph articles. The news sources also address the topics of integration and Muslims in diverging ways, which in turn lead to distinct portrayals of French society. These differences may be tied to the political affiliations of the sources or to journalist identity, and merit further research.

Article

The translation of tweets in Spanish digital newspapers

María José Hernández Guerrero

Twitter has become an essential tool in newsrooms worldwide. Tweets included in news texts function as quotations and though this discursive practice is relatively recent it continues to grow in digital media. Many of these tweets are written in languages different from that of the receiving media company. This article analyzes how foreign tweets are presented to audiences and how they are translated when inserted in news texts. For this, we have examined the articles from the first five months of 2018 in the Universo Trump [Trump Universe] blog published by the Spanish digital newspaper El País. This blog publishes news about the president of the United States, the people he surrounds himself with as well as his government and it was selected because all the tweets cited in the articles are originally in English. This article presents the translation strategies used by the journalist-translators and we argue that the translation of tweets as quotes in news reports, especially when accompanied by a screenshot of the original tweet, makes the use of translation more obvious and more visible in the transmission of information.

Article

Evaluation in translation: a case study of Ukrainian opinion articles

Angela Kamyanets

The research draws on the combined findings from two fields of translation studies, in particular the study of mass media translation and the study of evaluation in translation, which uses the system of appraisal. The focus is on the language of evaluation in Ukrainian opinion articles and their English translations. The corpus consists of ten opinion articles published between 2015 and 2017 in a quality Ukrainian magazine, namely Ukrainskyi Tyzhden (The Ukrainian Week), which has both Ukrainian and English versions. The paper discusses different types of evaluation that are present in the selected source texts and analyses translation shifts in the target texts. The analysis starts with the most overt, ‘inscribed’, evaluation and proceeds to its most covert type, irony, incorporating the latter into the appraisal framework. The results suggest that in the translation of opinion articles there is a general tendency towards reducing the intensity of evaluation and metaphorical strength, while certain harsh judgements are omitted altogether in the target texts. Irony appears to be a special case, as ironic remarks are not only omitted, but on occasion they are also added in the translations, if the tone of the original article is generally ironic.

Article

(Re-)voicing Beijing’s discourse through self-referentiality: a corpus-based CDA analysis of government interpreters’ discursive mediation at China’s political press conferences (1998–2017)

Chonglong Gu & Rebecca Tipton

The premier's annual press conferences are an interpreter-mediated and institutionalised event, which enables the Chinese government to articulate its official discourse on a variety of topics in front of a domestic and international audience. Framing the conferences as part of an autopoietic system, following Luhmann, helps to shed light on the imperative for such systems to legitimate themselves for their autonomous and continued existence through discourse. This is achieved, in part, through self-reference. Drawing on a corpus-based study informed by Critical Discourse Analysis, we explore the government-affiliated interpreters' mediation of Beijing's discourse on different levels using self-referential terms. The interpreters are found to frequently add self-referential terms (e.g. we, our, government, China) in English overall. They are also observed employing the broader WE (e.g. we, our, us) proportionally at the expense of the premier's personal voice I and that of the GOVERNMENT and CHINA. The interpreters' institutional positioning and identity as part of the government is therefore confirmed through their explicit discursive interventions, which help convey what Searle terms ‘collective intentionality’ and contribute to the legitimacy of the government. The discursive effects of these are discussed using bilingual examples.

Article

Politeness strategies in translating Donald Trump's offensive language into Arabic

Haneen Abudayeh & Barkuzar Dubbati

This paper examines the strategies employed by six Arabic news channels in translating the controversial comments that Donald Trump made during his election campaign (2015–2016) and his first three years in office (2017–2019). Drawing on politeness theory, we look at the ways in which translators negotiate the offensive and inappropriate nature of comments made by Donald Trump that could threaten the positive face of Arab audiences. However, protecting the face of their target audience is not the only concern Arab translators consider when dealing with Donald Trump speech. Translators might also intervene to protect their own face because, in reproducing Donald Trump’s offensive comments, they might also be considered responsible for the use of face-threatening language acts. Additionally, we argue that translators are aware of Donald Trump’s discursive ethos which is central to his rise to power. Mitigating the offensive and inappropriate content of Donald Trump’s comments might alter his public image in the eyes of Arab viewers. We argue that translating Donald Trump’s ethos as an abrasive speaker who uses insults as a rhetorical weapon outweighs the need to protect the positive face of Arab audiences.

Article

Instances of translatorial action: a journalist as a translating reporter of speech

Nina Havumetsä

This paper examines a case of a Finnish foreign correspondent exhibiting translatorial action by reporting on a Russian-language speech in Finnish, in journalistic articles. The material consists of (1) a Finnish-language liveblog, with translated sections of the speech appearing in (2) an online article and (3) a printed article based on the speech. The concepts of translatorial action and reported speech are applied as well as research into journalistic quoting. The results of the study show that quoting practices appear to be similar in both monolingual and translated reported speech and that summarizing is a common strategy used, even in direct quotes. Interdisciplinary efforts between journalism and translation research are discussed.

Article

Translation in Serbian media discourse: the discursive strategy of argumentation as an adaptation technique

Jasmina P. Đorđević

Global news agencies provide local news organizations with ready-made news that is often adapted for the target audience rather than translated. The aim of the present study is to explore whether news adaptation by the Serbian media is motivated by the need to abide by the political affiliation of the government in order to ensure survival. The study compares headlines and leads from 357 news articles published by Reuters and their respective translations in online newspapers in Serbian, focusing on the discursive strategy of argumentation and the identification of the topoi of authority, burden, reality, threat and urgency. Besides confirming that news translation in the Serbian media relies on adaptation to disseminate international news content, the analysis shows that many Serbian news outlets tend to adapt news in order to confirm their political affiliation to the government, even when the news does not relate directly to the Serbian context. The research also demonstrates that the study of discursive strategies may be applied not only to the analysis of news texts in a given language, but also to the processes involved in translating and adapting news for a different readership.

Book Review

Book review

The fixers: local news workers’ perspectives on international reporting

Lindsay Palmer, Oxford: Oxford Scholarship, Published August, 2019, 241 pp., £19.99, ISBN: 9780190680824 

Jerry Palmer

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