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原以为“失落的日本”,没想到人家又创了奇迹

雨中红莲 2020-08-17
作者:DJ 来源:掘金日本房产(Japan_gold)

截至11月20日,算上上一任的任期,安倍晋三担任日本首相的日数达2887日,顺利超过在明治·大正时期担任三任首相的桂太郎,成为日本宪政治国以来任期最长的首相。


这在日本,堪称奇迹。

战后73年,日本经历了45任首相,平均任期1年零7个月。最离谱的是2006-2012,六年7位首相,安倍上一任只干了一年。现在正在狱中的巴西前总统罗拉曾调侃,上午刚和一位日本首相道早安,下午就要跟另一位新首相道午安。


依然是安倍,他这一任的任期已经超过前五任的总和。


中国人可能会很奇怪,中国媒体不是一直说他啥啥都不行的吗?


其实不只是中国媒体,安倍在日本媒体上口碑也不咋样,甚至还可能更惨。


个人政治生命的奇迹得益于他在任上缔造的另一个奇迹。安倍带领日本走出通缩,并保持了长期增长,这个奇迹是属于整个日本的。


01

由于和日本冷淡的太久,这段时间的“日本”真有点抢头条的意味。


大国博弈的背景下,日本“失去的二十年”是最经常被国人引以为戒的经验教中国最担心步日本后尘,陷入通货紧缩、增长停滞。


谁能想到,当海这边满是殷鉴不远的忧心忡忡时,海那边却已翻了新篇。诸如“蛰伏20年,日本再度买下美国”,“日本2018年二季度GDP年化季环比增长3%,创9个季度以来新高”……霸占了各个新闻版面。


其中,最看好日本经济的莫过于著名投行摩根士丹利了。它在近期发布的一份报告《日本宏观和策略:日本从落后者到领导者的历程》中,就大胆预测日本拥有比G7集团中的其他成员还好的前景。



报告的利好体现为五点:


1. 通缩已经结束;

2. 私营部门资本支出自泡沫经济结束以来首次持续增长


3. 劳动生产率和全要素生产率增速在过去的5年里是G7集团里增速最高的


4. MSCI日本指数ROE已经从2012年的4.4%上升至目前的9.8%,与MSCI国际指数的差距从7.6%缩小到2.5%;


5. 过去5年,在日本24个上市股票板块中,有15个板块的股本回报率高于全球同行


是不是让人意想不到?对日本,摩根士丹利完全不吝于使用溢美之词,它还写道:日本的名义GDP已经来到史上最高,超过1997年的水平。别以为日本是一个热爱加班的国度,日本每年的平均工作时长已经比OECD组织,甚至美国的平均工作时长要低。


就连最糟糕的日本老龄化问题,摩根士丹利都予以反击:“学术研究并未有实质发现人口老龄化与生产效率减退直接相关。”


生产率是关键。注意报告中的措辞:日本在贯彻AI和机器人使用、安倍内阁解放女性就业力、提倡“永不退休制”,以及他大力推动的外籍劳动者来日工作,都让日本人均劳动生产率大幅提升。


拿外籍劳动者在日工作人数来看,据日本厚生劳动省的数据,近十年来,在日本就业的外国人总数逐年增长,2017年达到创历史新高的128万人。


近期,安倍政府就向留日就业的留学生发出邀请:只要留学生希望在日本找工作,日本政府就不能“让他们因为就业困难而失望地回国”。


日本这座大型“隐形移民国度”在为它的劳工短缺频频出招。


日本私营企业这一波的表现尤其好。


“日企回来了!”日本媒体颇有优越感地宣布日本企业在全球的存在感。


2018年1~6月以海外企业为目标的并购达到1122亿美元,创历史新高,超过欧洲企业。武田药品工业决定收购爱尔兰的夏尔(Shire)的这个案子可谓是近期最有名的,金额有望达到750亿美元左右,成为日本有史以来金额最高的并购案。


但话说回来,日本企业的并购潮不是从安倍上台后才开始的,早在2010年,日企在国外的扩张就随着企业资金增多而变得愈加频繁。“安倍经济学”只是助推了这一趋势。



日企这一轮的并购和中国不少企业走出去形成明显的反差,令人印象深刻。


和中国企业买地产、院线、足球俱乐部相比,日本就像巨蟒吞象,并购都认准要提高自家的技术。比如,日本的芯片公司瑞萨电子目前就在洽谈并购美国的半导体公司。从并购行业来看,日本企业选择的也是高利润高技术的医药、IT行业为主:



当然,这也和西方现在越来越多限制中国收购高技术企业相关。


日本经济景气拉动了GDP和就业,安倍一半靠运气乘上了这股东风,一半靠“忽悠”,他的承诺给民众打了一剂安慰剂,只是没想到效果还挺显著。

02

在安倍振兴日本的雄心里,有一个关键角色是连安倍本人最初没想到,现在更加不敢忽略——来自中国的购买力。


虽说中国人给日本贡献的GDP在日本庞大的经济基数上,还不那么明显,但国人这股来势汹汹的增长趋势也足够震惊日本了。


2013年,安倍出台了“观光立国”的政策,然而没想到因为日元贬值,曾经立志2020年要达到2000万外国访客的目标,不到4年就完成了。中国人就贡献了其中的1/4。


但在一年前,中日在钓鱼岛问题上争执不下,当时中国多地爆发反日示威,人们打砸日本品牌的汽车、商铺,民众的民族主义情节燃到了最高点,而中日关系也跌到了历史冰点。


2013年底,再度上任满一年的安倍晋三参拜靖国神社,引起国内外一片哗然,因为这一鞠躬,中方中断了中日高层来往。


当年,中国赴日游客第一次出现了负增长,比2011年3·11海啸时的影响还大。


可是到了2014年,安倍推出了观光立国战略之后,安倍参拜这件事儿似乎也顺风飘去,中国游客大军大量进入日本。那一年,中国赴日游客激增八成还多。


(安倍任内中国访日游客数;数据来源:日本国土交通省观光厅)


到了2015年,中国赴日游客数更是翻了一番,也是从2015年起,“中国人爆买日本”的新闻开始出现。日本的免治马桶、大米,女士们最爱、便宜又好用的日本化妆品……在日本大城市的购物街从此多了中国人的身影。


不过在贸易方面,日本向中国的出口确实受到了影响。从2012年起到2015年,日本对华出口一直为负增长,迄今未达到2012年的水平。也是从2013年起,日本出口美国的商品总量超过了中国。


(安倍任内日本向中国出口情况;数据来源:中国商务部)


不过,中日关系在2016年出现了转机,特朗普是不折不扣的功臣。澳大利亚战略专家休·怀特就说,中日接近?目的是表明,美国人靠不住。


所以到了2017年,中国对日本产品的需求也大幅提升。上图中最后一个蓝柱是2018年1-6月的进口额。也就是说,半年时间,中国对日本商品的需求已经达到2017年时的一半还多。


中国人到底多喜欢“日本制造”?华尔街日报捕捉到了中国消费对日本制造业的振兴作用。在一篇《中国中产阶层振兴了“日本制造”》中就有这么一段描述中国中产的选择:
现年32岁的北京教师AQ说,日本许多产品的设计迎合亚洲人的品味。AQ家里有许多日本产品,例如松下电器产业公司生产的电冰箱,以及大金工业株式会社生产的空调。


AQ说,这些日本家电做工精良,质量都很好,很多年了都还在用。她还是资生堂化妆品的粉丝,AQ给她尚处于婴儿期的女儿使用大王制纸生产的Goon纸尿裤。
“日本制造”就像一个中档品牌,给追求更好生活的中国中产们精细、质量好的感觉,从而带动了日本的制造业。2017年,日本约2900万海外游客中近一半来自内地、香港和台湾,他们的花销400亿美元,在日本海外游客总支出中占了近60%。


同样在这段时间,日本地价又出现了异动。


27年来第一次,日本平均地价上涨了0.1%。这看起来微乎其微,却说明一点:安倍的战略有了新成果。何出此言?因为带领日本地价上涨的最主要是来自北海道、京都这两个地方的旅游地产。住宅用地中,全国上涨最大的是北海道的俱知安町桦山,33%。


中国因素绵长。

03

安倍的未来两年,中国恐怕很难舒服。


因为贸易摩擦,中日关系正在快速回暖。李总理此前访日,两国没怎么经过事先繁琐的沟通,几乎是说走就走;同样的,去年10月,安倍时隔7年访问中国,签署各项联合声明, 再到明年,中国国家领导人也将在春季访问日本……


但中日关系变数依然很多。


还记得安倍这经典的一摔吗?



即使如此囧相被媒体无情地曝光了,安倍在事后却很气定神闲地说,特朗普夸他高尔夫水平很好,他还顺便评论一句,就跟摔倒后若无其事地站起来一样,在外交中,最重要的就是柔韧性。


这句话道出了安倍外交政策的核心姿态——能屈能伸。



特朗普著名的魔鬼之握,安倍体会过,但在握手全程他都笑眯眯地看着特朗普。



只有在特朗普松手的那一刻,痛苦才从安倍的眉间散开,还顺势当做摆正一下坐姿,而此时特朗普正好看向了其他地方。


还有这个,不拘一格的特朗普把鱼饲料一股脑儿全倒了,安倍也是陪笑。



在2015年联合国大会上,会晤俄罗斯大帝普京的安倍因为迟到,是小跑进的场:



即使两国有很多地方不对付,安倍还是选择先把礼数做到位。


不知你有没有发现,在中日关系逐渐回暖的2015年以来,安倍就再也没去参拜靖国神社……


但如果你以为这就是安倍的全部,他就是个唯唯诺诺的人,那你就大错特错了。


2006年,安倍第一次作为最年轻首相上任,但当时的他不善管理,多名阁员因为丑闻失言而相继辞职,自民党在上下议院的地位终于不保,安倍2007年下台后,自民党第一次在参议院成为第二大党,首次失去控制权。


调养好身体后再度出山,第二任内的安倍就显得老道很多。上面会见那些外宾时安倍的表现,反而证明了这个在党内拥有绝对地位的人的老练。
他能干这么久,一路看下来就一个字:忍。面对风尘仆仆的特朗普,他能忍,在其他国家的元首面前,他笑脸迎人。近年为了改善中日关系,他见缝插针,多次争取与中国国家领导人会面的机会。


这位处女座的首相是个绝对的务实派,深知世上没有永远的敌人,只有永恒的利益。在他的领导下,自民党以压倒性的优势赢得了下议院的三次选举和上议院的两次选举。与他的同盟一起,他的耳目占据了超过三分之二的国会议员。这些都还不是最令人印象深刻的,让人称道的是,安倍真正地平息了曾经困扰自民党的派别斗争。


你大概不知,安倍的座右铭是“不忘初心”。按这么看,他想要达成的政治目标,怕是千万头牛都拉不回来。长期驻日生活的媒体人徐静波的观察就是,
从家世出身来看,他是一个公子哥儿,本当展示出更多的任性。但从他过去六年的执政来看,他确实秉承了日本民族性格的某些特征。为了长期执政,为了国家利益,他能做到忍耐。无论是对美国、中国,还是俄罗斯,他都能采取一种隐忍、内敛甚至屈辱的姿态,同他国打交道。还有一点是,不管遇到多大的困难与阻碍,他始终不肯放弃自己的政治目标,也就是修改宪法,让日本成为普通国家,在经济上也一样。
一个“森友学园丑闻”打不倒安倍,他在去年当选后发的推特下面,仍然有很多网友留言“安倍加油!”“接下来也请多指教!”即使在日本媒体、学界,安倍和他的经济政策被劈头盖脸地痛批得体无完肤,但民众的选票却是最诚实的。


(里约奥运会闭幕式,安倍以马里奥的形象登台;来源:Daily Express)


今年7月,《朝日新闻》实施的民调显示,安倍内阁的支持率达到42%,在日本仍是非常高的水平。而且日本民调中,对修宪的态度也出现了一些微妙的变化。今年9月做的一项民调显示,已有77%的受访者表示赞同国会讨论修宪事宜。

当我们去日本与当地人聊天,他们虽然对安倍经济学和安倍本人的政策有微词,但说到他做首相的能力,无一不表现出认同。


65岁的安倍晋三,日本最长任期首相,他一人独大。跟早过了70岁才当上总统的特朗普比起来,安倍还很年轻。即使2021年他因任期到期离开政坛,他的影响力仍能久留于日本的政治中心。
在大国博弈中想着两头获利的日本,一个坚定要修宪并很可能成功的安倍,将会让中国很头痛。

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Every step towards your dream today is a step away from your regret tomorrow. 今日为梦想所付出的每一份努力都会减少明日的一份后悔。72. It's never too late to be what you might have been. 勇敢做自己,永远都不迟。(乔治·艾略特) 73. It's time to start living the life you've imagined. 是时候开始过自己想要的生活了!95. How can men succumb to force? 男人怎么能屈服于“武力”之下?《海贼王》 96. Life is like live TV show. There is no rehearsal. 人生没有彩排,只有现场直播。97. Dress shabbily and they remember the dress; dress impeccably and they remember the woman. 穿着破旧,人们记住衣服;穿着无瑕,人们则记住衣服里的女人。(Coco Chanel) 98. Hope is a good thing, maybe the best of things. And no good thing ever dies. 希望是一件好事,也许是人间至善,而美好的事永不消逝。《肖申克的救赎》 99. There are so many beautiful reasons to be happy. 有太多太多美好的理由让你笑对生活。100. Where the more different you are, the better. 你们之间越是不同,越好。(Glee) 101. I'm only brave when I have to be. Being brave doesn't mean you go looking for trouble. 我只在必要时才勇敢,勇敢并不代表你要到处闯祸。《狮子王》 102. Behind every successful man there's a lot of unsuccessful years. 每个牛B的成功者都经历过苦B的岁月。(鲍博.布朗) 103. If you want something done, do it yourself. 靠谁都不如靠自己。《第五元素》 104. Life is a wonderful journey. Make it your journey and not someone else's. 生命是一段精彩旅程,要活的有自己的样子,而不是别人的影子。105. No matter how many mistakes you make or how slowly you progress, you are already ahead of those who never tried. 无论你犯了多少错,或者进步得有多慢,你都走在了那些不曾尝试的人的前面。106. Some things are so important that they force us to overcome our fears. 总有些更重要的事情,赋予我们打败恐惧的勇气。107. Say to yourself: "No matter how many obstacles I encounter in life, I will do all that I can to complete the whole course." 请对自己说:无论生活之路上会遇到多少障碍,我会竭尽所能地跑完这一程。108. No cross, no crown. 不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹。109. Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value. 与其努力成功,不如努力成为有价值的人。(爱因斯坦) 110. Remember when life's path is steep to keep your mind even. 记住:当人生很苦逼的时候,你要保持淡定。111. If you're brave enough to say GOODBYE, life will reward you with a new HELLO. 只要你勇敢地说出再见,生活一定会给你一个新的开始。112. Sometimes the right path is not the easiest one. 对的那条路,往往不是最好走的。113. Just trust yourself, then you will know how to live. 只要相信自己,你就会懂得如何去生活。114. In life it's not where you go. It's who you travel with. 生命中,重要的不是你去哪里,而是与谁同行。115. Life is like a rainbow. You don't always know what's on the other side, but you know it's there. 生活像一道彩虹,你不知道另一端通向哪里,但你会知道,它总是在那里。116. When the world says,"Give up!"Hope whispers,"Try it one more time." 当全世界都在说“放弃”的时候,希望却在耳边轻轻地说:“再试一次吧”!117. I don't care about other questions and I just try to be myself. 我不在乎别人的质疑,我只会做好自己。118. Attempt doesn't necessarily bring success, but giving up definitely leads to failure. 努力不一定成功,但放弃一定失败!119. The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. 对明天最好的准备就是今天做到最好。120. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart. 你已经一无所有,没有什么道理不顺心而为。(乔布斯) 121. Life is a journey, one that is much better traveled with a companion by our side. 人生是一场旅程,我们最好结伴同行。122. Sometimes you have to fall before you can fly. 有时候,你得先跌下去,才能飞起来。123. If you are able to appreciate beauty in the ordinary, your life will be more vibrant. 如果你擅于欣赏平凡中的美好,你的生活会更加多姿多彩。124. Be who you are, and never ever apologize for that! 坚持做自己,并永远不要为此而后悔!125. Consider the bad times as down payment for the good times. Hang in there. 把苦日子当做好日子的首付,坚持就是胜利!126. Do not pray for easy lives, pray to be stronger. 与其祈求生活平淡点,还不如祈求自己强大点。127. Everybody can fly without wings when they hold on to their dreams. 坚持自己的梦想,即使没有翅膀也能飞翔。128. There is no such thing as a great talent without great will power. 没有伟大的意志力,便没有雄才大略。129. You can't change your situation. The only thing that you can change is how you choose to deal with it. 境遇难以改变,你能改变的唯有面对它时的态度。130. Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 凡是值得做的事,就值得做好。131. Perfection is not just about control.It's also about letting go. 完美不仅在于控制,也在于释放。《黑天鹅》 132. Dream is what makes you happy, even when you are just trying. 梦想就是一种让你感到坚持就是幸福的东西。133. Never frown,because you never know who is falling in love with your smile. 别愁眉不展,因为你不知道谁会爱上你的笑容。134. It's easy once you know how. 一旦你明白,就会很简单。135. In order to be irreplaceable, one must always be different. 要做到不可替代,就要与众不同。136. I honestly think it is better to be a failure at something you love than to be a success at something you hate. 宁愿失败地做你爱做的事情,也不要成功地做你恨做的事情。(George Burns) 137. Don't hide. Run! You'll make it to tomorrow. 别躲避,奔跑吧,你就会找到明天。138. Life comes with many challenges.The ones that should not scare us are the ones we can take on and take control of. 生活充满了挑战,唯有勇敢面对并自我掌控,我们才能克服恐惧。(安吉丽娜·朱莉) 139. Life doesn't just happen to you; you receive everything in your life based on what you've given. 一切发生在你身上的都不是碰巧。你获得什么,在于你付出了什么。140.You are more beautiful than you think. 你,要比你想象的更美丽。141. Throughout life's complications, you should maintain such a sense of elegance. 不管生活有多不容易,你都要守住自己的那一份优雅。142. When you feel like giving up, remember why you held on so long in the first place. 每当你想要放弃的时候,就想想是为了什么才一路坚持到现在。143. Enjoy your youth.You'll never be younger than you are at this very moment. 好好享受青春,你再也不会有哪个时刻会比此时更年轻了。144. You'd better bring, cause I'll bring every I've got it. 你最好全神贯注,因为我定会全力以赴!145. Take time to enjoy the simple things in life. 慢慢享受生活中的简单。146. As long as you are still alive, you will definitely encounter the good things in life. 只要活着就一定会遇上好事。147. Hold on, it gets better than you know. 挺住,事情会比你想像中要好!148. If you are fine,the sun will always shine. 你若安好,便是晴天。149. What doesn't kill you makes you stronger. 磨难会让你更强大。150. Every life deserves our respect. 每一个生命都应该被尊重。151. The best feeling in the world is when you know your heart is smiling. 世间最美好的感受,就是发现自己的心在笑。152. Don't ever underestimate the heart of a champion. 永远不要低估一颗冠军的心。(Rudy Tomjanovich) 153. There is nothing permanent except change. 唯一不变的是变化。154. The difference between successful persons and others is that they really act. 成功者和其他人最大的区别就是,他们真正动手去做了。155. Don't follow the crowd, let the crowd follow you. 不要随波逐流,要引领潮流。(Margaret Thatcher) 156. People pay in advance for a coffee meant for someone who cannot afford a warm beverage. 人们提前买咖啡,让付不起的人享受温暖。157. No one is born a genius.Just keep on doing what you like and that itself is a talent. 哪有什么天才!坚持做你喜欢的事情,这本身就是一种天赋。(大野智) 158. The world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page. 世界是一本书,不旅行的人只读了其中一页。159. You can create something more glorious than the championship. 你可以创造比冠军更荣耀的事。160. You never get a second chance to make a first impression. 永远没有第二次机会,给人留下第一印象。161. You can always be a worse version of "him", or better version of yourself. 你不是要做一个单纯优秀的人,而是要做一个不可替代的人。162. Give every day the chance to become the most beautiful day of your life. 让每一天都有机会成为你人生中最美好的一天。163. Honesty is the best policy. 做人以诚信为本。164. To a crazy ship all winds are contrary. 对于一只漫无目标的船而言,任何方向的风都是逆风。165. The outer world you see is a reflection of your inner self. 你看到什么样的世界,你就拥有什么样的内心。166. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。167. Knowing what you cannot do is far more important than knowing what you are capable of. 知道自己不能做什么远比知道自己能做什么重要。168. People cry, not because they're weak. It's because they've been strong for too long. 哭泣,不代表脆弱,只因坚强了太久。169. Don't let yesterday use up too much of today. 别留念昨天了,把握好今天吧。(Will Rogers) 170. If you are not brave enough, no one will back you up. 你不勇敢,没人替你坚强。171. If you don't build your dream, someone will hire you to build theirs. 如果你没有梦想,那么你只能为别人的梦想打工。172. Beauty is all around, if you just open your heart to see. 只要你给自己机会,你会发现你的世界可以很美丽。173. The difference in winning and losing is most often...not quitting. 赢与输的差别通常是--不放弃。(华特·迪士尼) 174. I am ordinary yet unique. 我很平凡,但我独一无二。175. I like people who make me laugh in spite of myself. 我喜欢那些让我笑起来的人,就算是我不想笑的时候。176. Image a new story for your life and start living it. 为你的生命想一个全新剧本,并去倾情出演吧!177. I'd rather be a happy fool than a sad sage. 做个悲伤的智者,不如做个开心的傻子。178. The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. 未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。(埃莉诺·罗斯福) 179. Even if you get no applause, you should accept a curtain call gracefully and appreciate your own efforts. 即使没有人为你鼓掌,也要优雅的谢幕,感谢自己的认真付出。180. Don't let dream just be your dream. 别让梦想只停留在梦里。181. A day without laughter is a day wasted. 没有笑声的一天是浪费了的一天。(卓别林) 182. Travel and see the world; afterwards, you will be able to put your concerns in perspective. 去旅行吧,见的世面多了,你会发现原来在意的那些结根本算不了什么。183. The key to acquiring proficiency in any task is repetition. 任何事情成功关键都是熟能生巧。《生活大爆炸》 184. You can be happy no matter what. 开心一点吧,管它会怎样。185. A good plan today is better than a perfect plan tomorrow. 今天的好计划胜过明天的完美计划。186. Nothing is impossible, the word itself says 'I'm possible'! 一切皆有可能!“不可能”的意思是:“不,可能。”(奥黛丽·赫本) 187. Life isn't fair, but no matter your circumstances, you have to give it your all. 生活是不公平的,不管你的境遇如何,你只能全力以赴。188. No matter how hard it is, just keep going because you only fail when you give up. 无论多么艰难,都要继续前进,因为只有你放弃的那一刻,你才输了。189. It requires hard work to give off an appearance of effortlessness. 你必须十分努力,才能看起来毫不费力。190. Life is like riding a bicycle.To keep your balance,you must keep moving. 人生就像骑单车,只有不断前进,才能保持平衡。(爱因斯坦) 191. Be thankful for what you have.You'll end up having more. 拥有一颗感恩的心,最终你会得到更多。192. Beauty is how you feel inside, and it reflects in your eyes. 美是一种内心的感觉,并反映在你的眼睛里。(索菲亚·罗兰) 193. Friendship doubles your joys, and divides your sorrows. 朋友的作用,就是让你快乐加倍,痛苦减半。194. When you long for something sincerely, the whole world will help you. 当你真心渴望某样东西时,整个宇宙都会来帮忙。     When Paul Jobs was mustered out of the Coast Guard after World War II, he made a wager with his crewmates. They had arrived in San Francisco, where their ship was decommissioned, and Paul bet that he would find himself a wife within two weeks. He was a taut, tattooed engine mechanic, six feet tall, with a passing resemblance to James Dean. But it wasn’t his looks that got him a date with Clara Hagopian, a sweet-humored daughter of Armenian immigrants. It was the fact that he and his friends had a car, unlike the group she had originally planned to go out with that evening. Ten days later, in March 1946, Paul got engaged to Clara and won his wager. It would turn out to be a happy marriage, one that lasted until death parted them more than forty years later. Paul Reinhold Jobs had been raised on a dairy farm in Germantown, Wisconsin. Even though his father was an alcoholic and sometimes abusive, Paul ended up with a gentle and calm disposition under his leathery exterior. After dropping out of high school, he wandered through the Midwest picking up work as a mechanic until, at age nineteen, he joined the Coast Guard, even though he didn’t know how to swim. He was deployed on the USS General M. C. Meigs and spent much of the war ferrying troops to Italy for General Patton. His talent as a machinist and fireman earned him commendations, but he occasionally found himself in minor trouble and never rose above the rank of seaman. Clara was born in New Jersey, where her parents had landed after fleeing the Turks in Armenia, and they moved to the Mission District of San Francisco when she was a child. She had a secret that she rarely mentioned to anyone: She had been married before, but her husband had been killed in the war. So when she met Paul Jobs on that first date, she was primed to start a new life. Like many who lived through the war, they had experienced enough excitement that, when it was over, they desired simply to settle down, raise a family, and lead a less eventful life. They had little money, so they moved to Wisconsin and lived with Paul’s parents for a few years, then headed for Indiana, where he got a job as a machinist for International Harvester. His passion was tinkering with old cars, and he made money in his spare time buying, restoring, and selling them. Eventually he quit his day job to become a full-time used car salesman. Clara, however, loved San Francisco, and in 1952 she convinced her husband to move back there. They got an apartment in the Sunset District facing the Pacific, just south of Golden Gate Park, and he took a job working for a finance company as a “repo man,” picking the locks of cars whose owners hadn’t paid their loans and repossessing them. He also bought, repaired, and sold some of the cars, making a decent enough living in the process. There was, however, something missing in their lives. They wanted children, but Clara had suffered an ectopic pregnancy, in which the fertilized egg was implanted in a fallopian tube rather than the uterus, and she had been unable to have any. So by 1955, after nine years of marriage, they were looking to adopt a child. Like Paul Jobs, Joanne Schieble was from a rural Wisconsin family of German heritage. Her father, Arthur Schieble, had immigrated to the outskirts of Green Bay, where he and his wife owned a mink farm and dabbled successfully in various other businesses, including real estate and photoengraving. He was very strict, especially regarding his daughter’s relationships, and he had strongly disapproved of her first love, an artist who was not a Catholic. Thus it was no surprise that he threatened to cut Joanne off completely when, as a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, she fell in love with Abdulfattah “John” Jandali, a Muslim teaching assistant from Syria. Jandali was the youngest of nine children in a prominent Syrian family. His father owned oil refineries and multiple other businesses, with large holdings in Damascus and Homs, and at one point pretty much controlled the price of wheat in the region. His mother, he later said, was a “traditional Muslim woman” who was a “conservative, obedient housewife.” Like the Schieble family, the Jandalis put a premium on education. Abdulfattah was sent to a Jesuit boarding school, even though he was Muslim, and he got an undergraduate degree at the American University in Beirut before entering the University of Wisconsin to pursue a doctoral degree in political science. In the summer of 1954, Joanne went with Abdulfattah to Syria. They spent two months in Homs, where she learned from his family to cook Syrian dishes. When they returned to Wisconsin she discovered that she was pregnant. They were both twenty-three, but they decided not to get married. Her father was dying at the time, and he had threatened to disown her if she wed Abdulfattah. Nor was abortion an easy option in a small Catholic community. So in early 1955, Joanne traveled to San Francisco, where she was taken into the care of a kindly doctor who sheltered unwed mothers, delivered their babies, and quietly arranged closed adoptions. Joanne had one requirement: Her child must be adopted by college graduates. So the doctor arranged for the baby to be placed with a lawyer and his wife. But when a boy was born—on February 24, 1955—the designated couple decided that they wanted a girl and backed out. Thus it was that the boy became the son not of a lawyer but of a high school dropout with a passion for mechanics and his salt-of-the-earth wife who was working as a bookkeeper. Paul and Clara named their new baby Steven Paul Jobs. When Joanne found out that her baby had been placed with a couple who had not even graduated from high school, she refused to sign the adoption papers. The standoff lasted weeks, even after the baby had settled into the Jobs household. Eventually Joanne relented, with the stipulation that the couple promise—indeed sign a pledge—to fund a savings account to pay for the boy’s college education. There was another reason that Joanne was balky about signing the adoption papers. Her father was about to die, and she planned to marry Jandali soon after. She held out hope, she would later来源:小兵说天下

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