其他
重症患者G-菌感染,β-内酰胺类药物最佳治疗方案
青霉素类
哌拉西林/他唑巴坦持续输注对于重症患者肾脏清除增强或者感染MIC值较高的病原菌可能更具优势。
为了验证这个结论,研究人员检索到以下研究:
<15ml/min 8g/天;
15-29ml/min 12g/天;
30-129ml/min 16g/天;
130-199ml/min 20g/天。
头孢菌素类
碳青霉烯类
对于eGFR为60-120ml/min的患者,目标为75%fT>MIC时,需要4小时持续输注给药以达到90%PTA,MIC为2mg/L时需要0.5g q6h给药,MIC为4mg/L则需要1g q6h方案给药。 对于eGFR为30-59ml/min的患者,在MIC为2mg/L时,0.5g q8h方案4小时内输注或0.5g q6h方案1小时内输注给药能达到至少90%PTA;在MIC为4mg/L时,则需要1g q6h方案1小时输注或1g q8h方案1小时输注方案给药。 对于eGFR为15-29.9ml/min的患者,在MIC为2mg/L时,需要0.5g q8h方案(1小时或4小时持续输注给药),而在MIC为4mg/L时,则需要0.5g q6h方案给药(1小时或4小时持续输注)。
单酰胺环类
在MIC为4mg/L时,eGFR 15-120ml/min时,达到90%PTA的最低模拟剂量为1g q8h,eGFR超过120ml/min时,需要2g q8h给药。 在MIC为8mg/L时,达到90%PTA,氨曲南剂量在eGFR 15-60ml/min为1g q8h,eGFR 60-90ml/min时为2g q8h,eGFR 90-120ml/min时为2g q6h,或2g负荷剂量然后8g每天持续输注给药。 当MIC为16mg/L时,只有当eGFR小于90ml/min才能达到90%PTA,eGFR 15-30ml/min时需要氨曲南1g q8h方案,eGFR 30-60ml/min时需要氨曲南2g q6h方案,eGFR 60-90ml/min时需要氨曲南2g负荷剂量、然后每天8g持续输注给药。
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