心理语言学线上论坛|| Jingjing Zhao/Brian MacWhinney

讲座一

Speaker: Jingjing Zhao

Title: Cognitive, neuroanatomical, and genetic basis of developmental dyslexia 

Time: 15:00 – 16:30, Wed, 14 July 2021  

           (Beijing, Hong Kong time)

Venue: https://cuhk.zoom.us/j/779556638

            https://cuhk.zoom.cn/j/779556638

About the speaker 

Jingjing Zhao received a B.Sc. (Electronic Information and Technology, 2004) and an M.Sc. (Psychology, 2007) from Beijing Normal University, and a Ph.D. (Psychology, 2012) from University of Connecticut. Before she joined the faculty at Shaanxi Normal University in the School of Psychology where she has been a full professor since 2015, she completed two post-doctoral positions at Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris(2012-2014)and National University of Ireland in Galway (2014-2015), respectively. She was awarded Early Career Investigator Prize by the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics (2015) and Outstanding Achievement Award of Scientific Research in Colleges and Universities (HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES) with a Youth Achievement Award by Ministry of Education of People’s Republic of China (2020).  

Dr. Zhao’s current research interests are the development of language, math, and social cognition, its disorders (e.g., developmental dyslexia, dyscalculia, autism) and its determinants at multiple levels of description (e.g., cognitive, neural, genetic, environmental). Her main focus is on the etiology of the following neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders: developmental dyslexia, developmental dyscalculia, autism, and psychiatric disorders (such as bipolar disorders, major depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders) in young population.

Cognitive, neuroanatomical, and genetic basis of developmental dyslexia 

Jingjing Zhao 

School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University 

Abstract: Developmental dyslexia is a common learning disability affecting the acquisition of fluent reading skills despite normal intelligence and schooling. It is increasingly acknowledged to be a genetically influenced disorder with a neurological basis, which in turn engenders cognitive deficits affecting the behavior of reading acquisition. In this talk, I will present my main works about the cognitive, neuroanatomical, and genetic basis of developmental dyslexia during the past five years. Moreover, I will also show some of our new results about how parental education moderates genetic and neural influences on reading dis/ability.

Representative Publications:

1. Cheng, C., Yao, Y., Wang, Z., & Zhao, J.* Visual attention span and phonological skills in Chinese developmental dyslexia. (2021). Research in Developmental Disabilities, 116C, 104015.

2. Lou, C., Duan, X., Altarelli, I., Sweeney, J., Ramus, F., Zhao, J.* (2019). White matter network connectivity deficits in developmental dyslexia, Human Brain Mapping, 40, 505-516.

3. Su, M., Zhao, J., Thiebaut de Schotten, M., Zhou, W., Gong, G., Ramus, F., Shu, H. (2018). Alterations in white matter pathways underlying phonological and morphological processing in Chinese developmental dyslexia. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience,31, 11-19. 

4. Ramus, F., Altarelli, I., Jednoróg, K., Zhao, J., & Scotto di Covella, L. (2018). Neuroanatomy of developmental dyslexia: pitfalls and promise. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 84, 434-452. 

5.Zhao, J. *, Thiebaut de Schotten, M., Altarelli, I., Dubois J., & Ramus, F. (2016). Altered hemispheric lateralization of white matter pathways in developmental dyslexia: Evidence from spherical deconvolution tractography. Cortex,76, 51-62.

讲座二

Speaker: Brian MacWhinney

Title: The emergence of grammar from perspective

Time: 21:00 – 22:30, Wed, 11 Aug 2021  

           (Beijing, Hong Kong time)

Venue: https://cuhk.zoom.us/j/779556638

            https://cuhk.zoom.cn/j/779556638

About the speaker 

Brian MacWhinney is Teresa Heinz Professor of Psychology, Computational Linguistics, and Modern Languages at Carnegie Mellon University.  He received his Ph.D. in psycholinguistics in 1974 from the University of California at Berkeley.  With Elizabeth Bates, he developed a model of first and second language processing and acquisition based on competition between item-based patterns. In 1984, he and Catherine Snow co-founded the CHILDES (Child Language Data Exchange System) Project for the computational study of child language transcript data.  This system has extended to 13 additional research areas such as aphasiology, second language learning, TBI, Conversation Analysis, developmental disfluency and others in the shape of the TalkBank Project. MacWhinney’s recent work includes studies of online learning of second language vocabulary and grammar, situationally embedded second language learning, neural network modeling of lexical development, fMRI studies of children with focal brain lesions, and ERP studies of between-language competition. He also explores the role of grammatical constructions in the marking of perspective shifting, the determination of linguistic forms across contrasting time frames, and the construction of mental models in scientific reasoning.  Recent edited books include The Handbook of Language Emergence (Wiley) and Competing Motivations in Grammar and Usage (Oxford).

The emergence of grammar from perspective

Brian MacWhinney

Carnegie Mellon University

Humans demonstrate a remarkable ability to take other people’s perspectives.  When we watch movies, we find ourselves identifying with the actors, sensing their joys, hopes, fears, and sorrows.  This system of perspective taking relies on neural processes that support body image matching, localization, empathy, and perspective tracking.  These cognitive processes build upon more fundamental processes for the coordination of mind and body. Together, these mechanisms allow us to use language to update our shared mental models of the world.  To do this effectively, language provides a series of cues to facilitate the construction and shifting of perspectives.  These cues include a wide variety of constructions from reflexive pronouns and discourse adverbs to relative clause structures.  Many of the traditional results of psycholinguistic research, such as the processing of competitive attachments and sentential ambiguities, as well as dimensions of typological analysis can be interpreted within the theory of perspective shifting.  In this regard, we can see grammar as arising diachronically from repeated operation of the function of tracking perspectives during conversational interactions.

References on Perspective-taking:

MacWhinney, B. (2008). How mental models encode embodied linguistic perspectives. In R. Klatzky, B. MacWhinney, & M. Behrmann (Eds.), Embodiment, Ego-Space, and Action (pp. 369-410). Lawrence Erlbaum. https://psyling.talkbank.org/years/2008/perspect-symp.pdf 

MacWhinney, B. (2013). Using perspective to construct mental models. IEEE AMD Newsletter, 10(2), 4-6. https://psyling.talkbank.org/years/2013/dominey.pdf 

McDonald, J., & MacWhinney, B. (1995). The time course of anaphor resolution: Effects of implicit verb causality and gender. Journal of Memory and Language, 34, 543-566. https://psyling.talkbank.org/years/1995/time.pdf 

MacWhinney, B., & Pléh, C. (1988). The processing of restrictive relative clauses in Hungarian. Cognition, 29(2), 95-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(88)90034-0

MacWhinney, B. (1977). Starting points. Language, 53, 152-168. https://psyling.talkbank.org/years/1977/starting.pdf 

References on Emergentism more generally:

MacWhinney, B., & O'Grady, W. (Eds.). (2015). The Handbook of Language Emergence. Wiley. https://www.amazon.com. 

MacWhinney, B. (2015). Emergentism. In E. Dabrowsksa & D. Divjak (Eds.), Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics (pp. 689-706). Mouton-DeGruyter. https://psyling.talkbank.org/years/2015/dabrowska.pdf 

MacWhinney, B. (2014). Conclusions: Competition across time. In B. MacWhinney, A. Malchukov, & E. Moravcsik (Eds.), Competing motivations in grammar and usage (pp. 364-386). Oxford University Press. https://psyling.talkbank.org/years/2014/competing-conclusion.pdf 

Virtual Psycholinguistics Forum: 

(https://cuhklpl.github.io/forum.html)

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