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小词详解 | brazen

田间小站 田间小站 2022-09-30

brazen 英 [ˈbreɪzn] 美 [ˈbreɪzn]
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外刊例句

  • America’s response to this public-health crisis was one of federal neglect, bureaucratic incompetence, corporate greed and brazen prejudice.
    美国对这一公共健康危机的反应体现出联邦政府的失职、官僚的无能、企业的贪婪以及厚颜无耻的偏见。
    ——《经济学人》
  • It is a brazen assault on the territorial integrity of Ukraine, a sovereign and independent European nation.
    这是对乌克兰这个主权独立的欧洲国家领土完整的公然侵犯。
    ——《纽约时报》

基本释义

[adjective] bold and without shame
[形容词] 大胆无耻的


深入解读

Brazen 一词源自古英语 bræs (黄铜,对应现代英语单词 brass ),由 brass 加形容词后缀 -en 构成,即表示“黄铜制的、黄铜色的”,比如:

  • 日落时黄铜色的天空衬映着教堂的轮廓。
    The church stood out in
    silhouette against a brazen sky at sunset.

虽然黄铜可以用来制作很多悦耳的铜管乐器,但用 brazen 来形容声音时,指的却是“响而刺耳的、粗重的”,比如:

  • 号角的震耳长鸣
    the brazen bellow of a horn

从其金属性质出发,可以用来形容如黄铜般“坚硬的、严厉的”,比如:

  • 他一早就认为军事革命是必要的,并且从未背离过这一思想路线。我想这就是革命者始终不渝的原则性。
    From very early on he believed a military revolution was necessary and he has never
    deviated from that ideological path. I think this is the brazen consistency of a revolutionary.

但从其外观颜色出发,则是到了16世纪70年代开始用 brazen-faced 来表示“厚颜无耻的”,可能是用黄铜色的脸显示不出羞耻来喻指。现在一般单用 brazen 表示“厚颜无耻的、恬不知耻的”,强调不仅毫无羞耻感,而且带有挑衅的傲慢,比如:

  • 该代孕妈妈对整件事已经不感到羞耻了。
    The
    surrogate mother had become brazen about the whole affair.
  • 他们在自己的双性恋问题上无所顾忌,毫不为意。可能他们觉得那样要比郁积在心里好。
    They're quite brazen about their bisexuality, it doesn't worry them. Maybe they feel that's better than let it
    fester inside them.

另外, brazen 也可以作动词使用,常搭配 brazen it/sth out 表示“厚着脸皮硬挺过去”,比如:

  • 既然大家都知道我脚踏两只船,只好硬着头皮撑过去。
    Now that everyone knew that I was
    juggling two guys, the only thing to do was to brazen it out.
  • 我决定厚着脸皮混过去,希望他们不会注意到我的针织衫被钩得全是洞。
    I decided to brazen it out and hoped they wouldn't notice my sweater's full of
    snags.

双语名著
She went and came, bearing her head well up, with a bitter smile, and was conscious that she was becoming brazen-faced.
她昂着头,带点苦笑,在街上往来,她感到自己已变成不懂羞耻的人了。
出自法国作家维克多·雨果的长篇小说《悲惨世界》(Les Misérables,原意为“悲惨的人们”“可怜的人们”)。该小说是19世纪最著名的小说之一,故事的主线围绕主人公土伦苦刑犯冉·阿让(Jean Valjean)的个人经历,融进了法国的历史、革命、战争、道德哲学、法律、正义、宗教信仰等,多次被改编演绎成影视作品。

同近义词

  • brash: self-assertive in a rude, noisy, or overbearing way
  • shameless: (of a person or their conduct) characterized by or showing a lack of shame
  • presumptuous: (of a person or their behavior) failing to observe the limits of what is permitted or appropriate

往期回顾
小词详解 | fester
译海纵横 | 干了!这一杯中国白酒
小词详解 | inaugurate

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