博和观点 丨 The Practice of Defending Foreign Suspects in China

作 者 简 介

宋晨  博和律师事务所律师  

刑事法律业务三部副主任

原检察员、公诉人、纪检监察局案件审理室主任

专业领域：刑事辩护、企业合规、外国人刑事犯罪辩护

宋晨律师南京师范大学法学学士学位，佐治亚大学（美国）法学硕士学位。曾获得”江苏省检察机关岗位练兵先进个人“、”徐州市十佳公诉人“、”徐州市十佳青年公诉人“、”徐州市优秀公诉人“等荣誉称号。

宋晨律师擅长证券基金类金融犯罪、经济/白领犯罪、以及职务犯罪案件代理及辩护，擅长处理民商事活动中出现的民刑交叉类案件，为客户提供全面的法律服务，以及妥善的问题解决方案。在处理具体案件的同时，以商事刑事违规预防为研究方向，协助客户进行企业合规审查，以及专题性培训。

宋晨律师还擅长外国人在中国境内犯罪案件的代理及辩护，擅长境外证据的取证与审查，以及处理外国人所属国家使领馆及其家属与司法机关之间的沟通与协调工作。

Cesar S. Agreda B.S

Personal profile：Bachelor of Political Science, University of Nevada, Las Vegas

Continuing studies in Pre Law

Professional Brazilian Jujitsu Athlete

Competition Awards：

Asian Open Champion

Manila Open Champion 

New York Open Champion 

Los Angeles Pro Champion

Pan Pacific Medalists

Pan-American Bronze Medalists

Language：English, Spanish, Japanese native speaker

The Practice of Defending Foreign Suspects in China

外国人在中国境内刑事案件辩护实操

The judicial strength of criminal control of foreign suspects in China has been further enhanced with overall national strength. The specialized treatment of foreign-related criminal cases has gradually turned into normalized judicial governance. Nowadays, criminal cases involving foreigners are heard by the basic peoples courts，whereas they were listened to by intermediate peoples courts before 2013. However, the defense practice of foreign suspects are still quite different from that of domestic suspects, since the various regulations for foreign suspects are ruled by the Procedure of Criminal Law of the People's  Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Criminal Procedure Law), as well as the variations of nationality, language, and cultural differences.

随着我国对外开放程度的加深以及综合国力的不断增强，对外国人刑事犯罪管控的司法力度也进一步得到提升，从《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》（以下简称《刑事诉讼法》）将外国人刑事案件审级下移至基层法院即可看出，对于该类案件的特殊化对待已逐渐转变为常态化的司法治理。而在该类案件辩护过程中，由于当事人国籍、语言、文化传统等方面的区别，相关程序与实体审查工作仍与代理本国公民刑事案件有较大区别。

Part 1

I.  The criminal litigation rights for foreign suspects in China

While representing foreign suspects, the first thing we need to do is classify the basis and scope of the criminal rights of foreigners. According to provisions of Article 17 of the Criminal Procedure Law, "provisions of this law shall apply to foreigners who commit crimes for which are criminally charge and are investigated. If foreigners with diplomatic privileges and immunities commit crimes for which are criminally liable and are investigated, those cases shall be resolved through diplomatic channels." Similar provisions are also made in the Supreme People's Court's Interpretation of the Application of the Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China (from now on referred to as the Criminal Procedure Law Interpretation) and the Procedures for the Handling Criminal Cases by Public Security Agency.  These provisions give foreign criminal suspects litigation rights and obligations by Chinese law in criminal proceedings. 

1

外国人享有的刑事诉讼权利基础

在代理外国人刑事案件时，首先需要明确外国人所享有的刑事诉讼权利的基础与范围。根据最高人民法院《关于适用<中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法>的解释》(以下简称《刑事诉讼法》解释)第三百九十五条的规定，在刑事诉讼中，外国籍当事人享有我国法律规定的诉讼权利并承担相应义务，另公安部《公安机关办理刑事案件程序规定》第三百四十六条也作出了类似规定，外国籍犯罪嫌疑人在刑事诉讼中，享有我国法律规定的诉讼权利，并承担相应的义务。

Here are the rights and obligations for foreign suspects that can be divided into two aspects. First criminal cases of foreigners resolved through diplomatic channels depending on their diplomatic privileges and immunities. These cases do not enter the standard criminal procedure. Second, cases entering a criminal proceeding are ruled by the Criminal Procedure Law and its interpretation. Some provisions provide foreign suspects the same rights and obligations as Chinese citizens, such as the right to entrust legal defense at all stages, as well as the obligation to answer questions from investigators truthfully. However, some distinguishing provisions are offering foreign suspects exclusive rights, such as the embassy personnel, legal caretakers, and close relatives can visit them while incarcerated.

此处关于法律规定的权利义务范围的理解，笔者认为，可以分为两个层次：一是通过外交途径解决的外国人刑事案件，不进入我国刑事诉讼程序。根据《中华人民共和国刑法》（以下简称《刑法》）第十一条、刑诉法第十七条第二款规定，享有外交特权和豁免权的外国人犯罪的刑事责任，通过外交途径解决，即在先行审查阶段，将此类案件纳入外交管辖范畴。二是进入刑事诉讼程序中的外国人刑事案件，适用《刑事诉讼法》及其解释的规定，这其中，既有与我国公民相同的权利义务内容，如在各阶段委托辩护人的权利，以及如实回答侦查人员提问的义务等，同时，也有《刑事诉讼法》解释作出的一些区别性规定，如赋予了当事人所属国驻华使、领馆会见，监护人、近亲属会见等权利。

Part 2

II.The Entrustment method and Procedure 

1.Identifying the nationality of foreigners 

Finding the nationality of a foreigner is a prerequisite for determining a foreign criminal case. According to the provisions of Article 394 of the Criminal Procedure Law, the nationality of a foreigner shall be confirmed according to the valid documents at the time of entry and exit. If citizenship is unknown, the certificate issued by the public security agency, embassy, or consulate of the relevant country in China shall be issued. If the nationality cannot be obtained, it shall be treated as a stateless person. The applicable provisions of this chapter shall apply, as the “nationality is unknown” shall be stated in the judgment documents.

2

委托手续的办理流程及方式

1外国人国籍的查明

查明外国人的国籍是确定是否为外国人刑事案件的前提。根据《刑事诉讼法》解释第三百九十四条规定，外国人的国籍，根据其出入境时的有效证件确认，国籍不明的，根据公安机关或者有关国家驻华使、领馆出具的证明确认。国籍无法查明的，以无国籍人对待，适用本章有关规定，在裁判文书中写明“国籍不明”。

First, valid documents for entry and exit generally refer to passports. Secondly, in the case of lost passports, it can also be assisted by the public security agency entry and exit records, overseas personnel accommodation registration information and in conjunction with the certificates issued by the relevant state embassies and consulates in China. If the nationality is finally unidentifiable, and the nationality is unknown, the relevant provisions of the criminal procedure for foreigners are still applicable.

首先，出入境的有效证件一般是指护照。其次，在护照遗失的情况下，还可以辅助以公安机关的出入境记录、境外人员住宿登记信息等内容予以查询，同时结合有关国家驻华使、领馆出具的证明确认。再次，国籍最终无法查明的，载明国籍不明，仍然适用外国人刑事犯罪程序的相关规定。

2.The qualification requirements for practicing lawyers

The attorney must qualify as a lawyer in the People's Republic of China and obtain a Chinese law practicing license, which is the same as the requirement of a domestic criminal case. According to the provisions of Article 410 of the Criminal Procedure Law, if the defendant of a foreign nationality entrusts an attorney to be represented, or the plaintiff of the foreign nationality entrusts the lawyer to represent the litigation, shall be assign a lawyer of the People’s Republic of China to be qualified and obtain a Law practicing license.

2律师的执业资格要求

受委托律师必须具有中华人民共和国律师资格并取得执业证，这一点与国内刑事案件代理的要求相同。根据刑诉法解释第四百零二条的规定，外国籍被告人委托律师辩护，或者外国籍附带民事诉讼原告人、自诉人委托律师代理诉讼的，应当委托具有中华人民共和国律师资格并依法取得律师资格执业证书的律师。

3.Client qualification and requirements

(I)Principal qualification

According to the provisions of the Criminal Law and the Criminal Procedure Law, there are three types of subjects who have the right to entrust attorneys for foreign criminal suspects: the clients themselves, their legal caretakers or close relatives, and the embassy and consulates of the countries of nationality in China.

3

委托人资格及文书要求

1

委托人资格

根据刑法及刑诉法的规定，有权为外国籍当事人委托律师或辩护人的有三类主体：外国籍当事人本人、其监护人或近亲属、国籍国驻华使领馆。

(II)Requirements for verifications of foreign entrusted legal materials.

The valid entrustment contract is the basis for the establishment and continuation of the defense work. Verifications of foreign entrusted legal materials are specially required by Criminal Procedure Law, which is the premise of legal forms of the entrustment contract. The condition is for two types of materials: one is an entrusted letter sent by clients from abroad; the other is proof of relationship materials provided by the legal caretaker or close relatives when they assign attorneys on their behalf for clients.

2

委托材料的“一证明两认证”的形式要求

委托合同合法、规范、有效是代理及辩护工作成立和继续的基础，“一证明两认证”是《刑事诉讼法》对于在国外形成的委托材料的特殊形式要求，是委托合同形式合法的前提。该要求针对两类材料：一是当事人自行委托的情况下，当事人从国外寄交或者托交的委托书；二是当事人的监护人、近亲属代为委托的情况下，监护人、近亲属提供的与当事人的关系证明。

Except there is a mutual exemption agreement between the foreign country and China; the two types of materials must be certified by three steps. (1) A notary from the host country (2) A verification of the central government of the host country or approved by an official government office (3) Approval from the Chinese embassy of the host country.

除国籍国与我国之间有互免认证协定的除外，以上两类材料必须经（1）所在国公证机关证明；（2）所在国中央外加主管机关或者其授权机关认证，（3）经我国驻该国使领馆认证。经过以上“一证明两认证”三个步骤，委托手续方能形式合法，生效履行。

4. Critical points for signing the entrustment contract

Usually, a law firm will demonstrate a client a sample contact to begin to the process, but in foreign cases, this method is inapplicable, due to the clients may wanting to use their foreign language for the contract and specialized services not included in sample contracts.

4委托合同签订要点

目前，律所在规范管理的运行模式下，基本都形成了形式规范、内容统一的委托合同模板，在与案件当事人或其近亲属就代理意向商定后，只需要在模板合同上勾选必要选项，即可完成合同的制作，但是对于代理外国人刑事案件来说，这种做法并不完全适用。

The language used in the contract needs to be determined first. In some cases, the client can directly provide the foreign language version of the contract, which can be in English or another foreign language to produce the contract. Second, in terms of service content, in foreign-related criminal cases, the family members, the staff of the embassy or consulate usually require attorneys’ to accompany them to meet incarcerated clients, or prepare relevant foreign language versions of the case materials. Therefore, when signing a foreign criminal case contract, you need to pay special attention to the following points.

一是委托合同语言的要求，一些情况下，客户直接提供外文版本的委托合同，或者要求使用英文或者其他外文现场制作委托合同。二是在服务内容上，在涉外刑事案件中，当事人家属或者使领馆工作人员通常要求律师陪同会见，或是准备相关外文版本案件材料等，其合同内容超过一般刑事案件的代理范围。因而，在签订外国人刑事案件代理合同时，需要尤其注意以下几点。

(I)Agreement of the language to be used in the contract

An attorney entrustment contract is essentially a service contract. No matter what language is adopted, as long as the content complies with the agreement, it is valid. Also, from the Criminal Procedure Law and its interpretation, there is no mandatory requirement for the language of the criminal litigation contract. The goal is to entrust the client to be comfortable with the language of the contract to sign and to ensure the accuracy of the agreement.

壹委托合同语言的商定

律师委托合同本质上属于服务合同的类别，无论是采取何种语言，只要内容形式符合合同法等相关法律的规定，都是有效的委托合同。此外，从《刑事诉讼法》及其解释来看，亦未对刑事诉讼委托合同的语言有任何强制性要求。因而，在合同签订语言的选择上，应本着有利于委托合同达成的目标，对于客户强烈要求使用本国语言签署委托合同的情况，可以在确保合同内容准确无误的前提下，使用该国语言促成委托合同的达成。

在一般情况下，委托合同本着有利于己方的原则，可采取中文版本签订，对于外国籍当事人不通晓中文的，可以附有外文译本，译本不加盖公章，以中文委托合同为准。此种做法参考《刑事诉讼法》解释四百零一条关于人民法院诉讼文书的语言要求，既有利于在委托阶段达成合同，又在一旦发生争议时，有利于法院解决争议。

(II)Agreement of entrusted matters

In addition to meeting suspects, filing petitions for pending trials, and open courts, the clients of foreign-related cases usually submit other services based on the rights stipulated in the Criminal Procedure Law, such as writing meeting applications for diplomatic and consular officials in the country where the clients are located. Or on behalf of the client, the attorney may collect foreign evidence and conduct professional consultation with experts. These specialized services are better to be written in the contract.

贰委托事项的约定

除了会见嫌疑人、提出取保候审申请、开庭等常规代理内容，涉外案件的委托人通常会基于《刑事诉讼法》规定的权利提出其他服务内容，如为当事人所在国外交、领事官员书写探视申请，为近亲属书写会见申请，以及陪同会见等，或是在证据搜集上要求辩护人主动收集证据，进行专业意见咨询，组织专家论证等，上述代理内容建议在委托合同中予以书写详尽，并设定兜底条款。

(III)Method of legal fees

As cases may vary, different services may be used, the method of legal fees will be discussed while the attorney is meeting with the client to view different options depending over the services that may be required.

叁诉讼费的计时方法

刑事案件的收费方式存在计时收费与按阶段收费等模式，由于涉外案件的办案难度相对较大、委托事项相对较多，因此在收费模式上，采用计时收费更为合理，并且在收费内容的约定上，要做到向委托人充分说明和收费标准透明。

在计时收费的设计上，需要注意以下几点：一是根据律师级别设定收费标准，涉外刑事案件的代理存在刑事团队分工合作的情况，在多人参与案件处理的情况下，通常会根据高级合伙人、合伙人、助理等不同身份约定每小时收费标准，分别计时；二是明确设定计时方法，如与当事人明确在途时间全额或是减半计入时长；三是根据服务事项设定单独计费方法，如撰写特别要求的文书材料或是组织专家论证等，可以根据项目设定单独计费方式。

Part 3

III.The attorney knowledge and preparation

In addition to requiring attorneys to master the transparency of our laws, and to achieve better handling of cases, attorneys are also required to have a precise understanding of the foreign language terms and regulations. Also, attorneys need to be fully prepared in advance.

3

辩护律师的知识准备

外国人刑事案件的办理除了要求律师对于我国法律规定的通透掌握，为了实现更好的办案效果，还要求律师对相关外文术语和规定有一定了解，为此，律师需要提前做好充分的准备工作。

1.Preparation and understanding of legal terminology in the foreign language.

Legal terminology has always been known for its rigorous and precision demand in criminal cases. Although in foreign-related criminal cases, clients can employ a translator to participate in a meeting with the attorney to review the legal discussion. The attorney's knowledge for a clear and accurate understanding is essential to a trusted relationship between both parties and the clients.

After the attorney has signed a contract with the client, the attorney should have a general understanding of the necessary information of the case such as nationality, race, and the suspected crime. In the case that the party uses only one language, the attorney can prepare the foreign language version concerning the crimes and procedures involved in the case. When the client uses multiple languages, they can choose the language best for communication.

In the preparation of the corresponding foreign language version three main contents are prepared: one is the substantive legal provisions of the parties involved in the crime; the second is the procedural provisions of the parties at the stage and the possible follow-up procedures; the third is the description and reasonable description of the critical behaviors of the suspected crimes. For languages that are frequently used in foreign-related cases, such as English, Korean, and Japanese, lawyers can strengthen their studies in their daily lives and prepare them in advance as a second language of work.

1

涉案行为和罪名对照外文的准备

法律术语一向以其艰深晦涩著称于世，而刑事案件又以其严谨精确为内在要求，虽然涉外刑事案件可以聘请翻译参与会见，但承办律师对于法律条文对照外文的审核掌握，有助于提高交流的准确与流畅度，快速建立与当事人、委托人的信任关系，推进案件办理深度。 

律师在代理案件后，通过与委托人的接触，对于当事人的国籍、种族和语言以及涉嫌罪名等基本信息应当有了大致了解。在当事人仅掌握一种语言的情况下，律师可就当事人涉案罪名、程序等相关内容针对该外文进行对照准备，在当事人掌握多种语言的情况下，应本着最佳交流原则选择双方交流最为顺畅的语言进行准备。

在对应外文的准备上，主要准备三类内容：一是当事人涉嫌罪名的实体性法律规定；二是当事人所处阶段的程序性规定以及可能的后续程序；三是涉嫌罪名的关键行为描述与可能的事实陈述。对于涉外案件中经常使用的语言，如英语、韩语、日语等，律师可以在日常生活中加强学习，作为工作的第二语言予以提前准备。

2.Knowledge preparation of provisions of the client’s country

In addition to the professional terminology by Chinese law, the attorney needs to learn the legal knowledge of the country where the client is located and search for any relevant regulations and terminology that needs to be prepared in advance.

When interviewed, the client often compares the legal consequences of his or her actions in China with the laws of their own country and raises some questions. At this time, attorneys will answer the question of how regulations in China are different from their own country by using examples of laws from the client home country to understand. 

If fully prepared, when the client raises the question of whether the alleged crime was a misdemeanor or felony, the attorney would understand the client’s question and inform the differences of offenses in China.

2

当事人国籍国相关规定的检索

律师除了应对我国法律规定的专业术语进行对照外文的语言准备，同时对于被代理人所在国的法律制度应当进行检索，对相关对照规定和术语进行提前准备。当会见时，被代理人经常会就其行为在我国的法律后果与其本国的法律规定进行比较，或提出一些疑问，在此时，律师如果一概以我国没有相关规定为理由进行回答，不仅过于生硬扩大距离感，同时也暴露出律师知识面狭窄和准备不足的缺点，降低的不仅是被代理人对该名律师的评价，同时也降低其对我国律师整体执业水平的评价。如在一案中，被代理人提出了其涉嫌的罪名是Misdemeanor还是Felony这一疑问，承办律师根据其提出的问题迅速定位到被代理人想要了解其涉嫌的是轻罪还是重罪，据其该国法律，Misdemeanor是指刑期在一年以下或者罚金刑的犯罪，Felony是指刑期在一年以上至死刑的犯罪，而我国轻罪与重罪的划分界限是三年，并存在管制、拘役、有期徒刑、无期徒刑、死刑等五种主要刑种，对于外国嫌疑人还存在独立适用或者附加适用驱逐出境的处罚措施。通过被代理人询问目的定位，辩护人对两国制度的异同进行的对比说明，取得了较好的释法说理效果，也赢得被代理人的尊重。

3.Updating social information

In addition to preparing for legal provisions and international regulations, attorneys should also follow up on China's overall criminal justice policy and even current events at home and abroad. Also, excellent communication between the client and the attorney will significantly move the progress of the case.

3

社会化信息的及时更新

除了对具体法律条文对照外文和国外规定进行准备，律师还应当对我国整体的刑事司法政策甚至国内外时事动态保持跟进。当事人与律师会见时的交流内容往往会随着案件的推进逐渐扩展。在案件初期，双方的交流内容一般集中于行为事实和可能的法律后果，随着会见次数的增多，交流内容一般会延伸向社会事件与生活经历，有些当事人也希望从律师处得知一些商业信息的跟进等，交流的广度和深度会逐渐增进。律师应及时做好社会化信息的更新储备，并始终保持对敏感性话题的察觉，以便更为圆融的处理好会见谈话。

Part 4

IV. Full range of legal services

The method of handling criminal cases for foreigners is similar to that of citizens in China, like the way to examine the evidence. However, when handling foreign criminal cases, we should also pay attention to the extensive variety of legal methods that enhance the trust between attorneys and clients, optimize the quality of legal services, and improve the overall handling of the cases.

4

全方位的法律服务工作

在案件具体办理上，外国人刑事案件的审查与我国公民刑事案件的审查方法有相同之处，同样是通过证据认定案件事实，依据事实得出有罪或者无罪的意见，确定影响量刑的相关情节。此外，在办理外国人刑事案件时，还应当注意多种法律服务方式的综合应用，增强律师与当事人、委托人之间的信任，优化法律服务品质，全方位提升办案效果。

1.Identification of diplomatic privileges and immunities

When parties involved may have diplomatic immunity and may determine whether the case enters the criminal procedure. Therefore, the identification of diplomatic immunity is the first step in the case review.

On this issue, attorneys should not be limited to the judicial authorities and findings but should study in depth the International Conventions on the Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities of the People’s Republic of China, Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, and the Consulates provisions. As well as the requirements of the diplomatic documents signed between China and the country where the parties are concerned and check the facts of the clients' identity, reasons, and types of passports held by the client to determine the identification of diplomatic immunity.

（一）当事人外交特权和豁免权的再查明

涉案当事人是否具有外交豁免权是决定案件是否进入刑事程序的前提，因而对外交豁免权的查明是案件审查的第一步。在这一问题上，律师不应仅限于司法机关的查明结论，而应深入研究《中华人民共和国外交特权与豁免权条例》、《维也纳外交关系公约》、《维也纳领事公约》等国际公约的规定，以及我国与当事人所属国签订的外交文件的规定，并逐一核对当事人来我国的身份、事由、所持护照类别等事实细节，做好外交豁免权的查明工作。

2.The collection of foreign evidence.

Evidence is the core of fact-finding and the basis of case handling. Many criminal cases, especially transnational economic criminal cases, often involve the extraction of foreign evidence. 

When attorneys understand that this part of the evidence exists abroad, they can proceed from the following steps. First, if the piece of evidence belongs to the judicial agency to collect, the attorney should promptly inform the legal authorities of the relevant evidence and clues. The judicial agency shall make the transfer; the second is that the judicial agency believes that the part of the evidence does not need to be obtained; the attorney should take the proper steps by collecting the evidence themselves.

In the case of evidence collection, special attention should be paid to the legality of the form of evidence. According to the provisions of Article 405 of the Criminal Procedure Law, for evidence materials from overseas provided by the client, legal defenders, and litigants, the evidence should be certified by the notary office of the host country and verified the authenticity by the Chinese embassy or consulate in the country.

（二）国外证据的提取固定

证据是事实认定的核心，也是案件处理的依据，涉外刑事案件尤其是跨国经济类刑事案件经常涉及到国外证据的提取和固定工作，一些情况下，该部分证据往往是认定罪与非罪、罪轻罪重的重要依据。律师在了解该部分证据存在境外的情况下，可从以下几个方面着手，一是若该部分证据属于司法机关需要依职权进行调取的证据，律师应当尽快将相关证据线索书面告知司法机关，由司法机关进行调取；二是司法机关认为该部分证据不需要取证，而承办律师认为可能影响案件定性量刑的情况下，律师应当自行调取。在取证时，应尤其注意证据形式的合法性，根据《刑事诉讼法》解释第四百零五条的规定，对于当事人及辩护人、诉讼代理人提供的来自境外的证据材料的，该证据材料应当经过所在国公证机关证明，所在国中央外交主管机关或者其他授权机关认证，并经我国驻该国使、领馆认证。

3.Consulting of legal experts

The opinions of well-known experts have two main functions in handling foreign criminal cases. First, it can be used as a method of identification of foreign laws for foreigners accused of crimes in China. Second, it can be used as a legal basis for supporting defense opinions. Through the exchanges of opinions with legal experts, attorneys can form a comprehensive defense strategy and further support the legal opinions of legal experts.

（三）法律专家意见书的应用

法律专家意见书作为法学界知名专家出具的论证法律关系的专家意见，在外国人刑事案件的办理中有两方面主要作用：一是可以作为外国法律的查明方法。外国人在我国境内犯罪适用我国刑法，但在其本国法律不认定为是犯罪且当事人并未得知两国法律差异的情况下，当事人的主观故意是量刑情节的考虑因素之一，专家意见书针对外国法律的论述可以辅助司法机关查明国外规定，以便于判断当事人的主观认识。二是可以作为佐证辩护意见的法学理论依据。律师通过与法学专家的交流，能够形成更为完善的辩护思路，并进一步得到法律专家法律意见书的有力支持。

4.Use of trial techniques

A criminal trial strategy is mainly to achieve the exclusion of evidence through legal procedures, and then to obtain the results of the acquittal or mistrials.

First, the illegal evidence exclusion procedure can be initiated by petitions, and the unlawful collective evidence could be excluded before trial. Second, to examine the authenticity of the evidence, the attorney could file petitions requesting the witness or evidence collector to attend the trail to be questioned. Third, when doubting the appraisal and auditing result, the attorney could also require appraisers and auditors to appear in court to identify the qualifications for appraisal and auditing, require relevant personnel to explain the assessment, audit methods and processes, and the basis for the conclusions, and accept the questions of the legal defense in court. 

（四）庭审技巧的综合应用

刑事庭审策略主要是通过法定程序实现对证据的排除否定，进而争取无罪或者罪轻的判决结果，一是可以通过申请法院启动非法证据排除程序，对于收集程序不合法的证据在庭前予以排除；二是在证据收集程序以及证据真实性存疑的情况下，申请调查人员出庭作证，接受辩护人的提问，当庭予以查明证据收集程序和真实性；三是在鉴定意见和审计结论存疑的情况下，申请鉴定人、审计人员出庭，查明鉴定、审计资格，要求相关人员说明鉴定、审计方法和过程，以及结论得出的依据，并当庭接受辩护人的提问。

V. Effective Communication

Communication is an essential skill of attorneys. Excellent communication skills cannot only quickly close the distance when the lawyer communicates with the client or the agency, but also gain trust. Effective communication between both parties can ease the process. In the field of communication of foreign-related cases, in addition to communicating with the family members of the client and the judicial agency, it also includes contact with the embassy or consulate of the country of nationality of the client.

In the field of multi-sector communication, the joint contact work is: according to the needs of the consulate and the relatives of the client, the application for the meeting will be submitted to the judicial agency in time. Also, the interpretation work will be assisted according to the needs of the legal and foreign affairs departments, besides various aspects of communication and coordination on the evidence clues and handling methods of the case.

（五）有效的沟通对接

沟通是律师执业的基本技能，良好的沟通技能不仅在律师与委托人或被代理人等进行交流时能够迅速拉近距离，获取信任，多方的有效沟通更能够缓和被代理人方与司法机关的对立关系，帮助有效衔接案件流程，聚焦问题核心。在涉外案件的沟通领域，除与被代理人家属、司法机关沟通外，还包括与被代理人国籍国驻华使领馆联系，部分情况下还包括与审理法院同级人民政府外事主管部门等的衔接沟通。在多部门的沟通领域中，常见的联系工作有：根据使领馆和被代理人家属的需要及时向司法机关提出会见申请，根据司法机关和外事部门的需要辅助做好释法说理和稳定工作，关于案件证据线索和处理方式等的多方面沟通与协调。

The defense work for criminal cases involving foreign suspects is complicated, and attorneys are required to deal with multiple legal issues and some international affairs. The attorneys should carry out work in a step-by-step and multi-dimensional manner to offer high-quality services for their clients.

At the same time, the attorneys need to have the concept of no matter how small the foreign-related case is, the attorney is not only a representative of his or her individual but also follows the rule of law and legal practice in China. They should be in a professional and conscientious legal service to win on behalf of the client and respect the rules of the embassies and consulates, as well as respect for the Chinese legal system.

外国人刑事案件的代理及辩护工作外延广、层次多，对律师应对多重法律问题和国际关系的处理能力要求较高，律师应根据案件进展的顺序节点有步骤、多维度的开展工作，提供优质全面的法律服务。同时，代理律师还需具有涉外案件无小事的概念，律师不仅是代表其个人，还是中国法治进程和司法实践的一个缩影，需以专业与尽责的法律服务，赢得外国当事人及其家属、以及所属国使领馆的尊重、以及中国法律共同体和法治文明程度的尊重。

END

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