《大学》The Great Learning Chapter 4

《大学》原为《礼记》第四十二篇，约为秦汉之际儒家作品。一说曾子作。提出明明德、亲民、止于至善的三纲领和格物、致知、诚意、正心、修身、齐家、治国、平天下的八条目。宋代程颢、程颐兄弟从《礼记》中把它抽出，以与《论语》、《孟子》、《中庸》相配合。至南宋淳熙年间（1174-—1189），朱熹撰《四书集注》，将它和《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》合为“四书”。现在如今流传最广的版本为朱熹版本。

《大学》

The Great Learning

By Confucius  Written ca. 500 B.C.E

 第四章 Chapter 4

《诗》云：“邦畿千里，维民所止。”《诗》云：“缗蛮黄鸟，止于丘隅。” 子曰：“于止，知其所止，可以人而不如鸟乎？”

《诗》云：“穆穆文王，於缉熙敬止！”为人君，止于仁；为人臣，止于敬；为人子，止于孝；为人父，止于慈；与国人交，止于信。

《诗》云：“瞻彼淇澳，菉竹猗猗。有斐君子，如切如磋，如琢如磨。瑟兮僴兮，赫兮喧兮。有斐君子，终不可喧兮！”“如切如磋”者，道学也。“如琢如磨”者，自修也。“瑟兮僴兮”者，恂栗也。“赫兮喧兮”者，威仪也。“有斐君子，终不可喧兮”者，道盛德至善，民之不能忘也。

《诗》云：“於戏，前王不忘！”君子贤其贤而亲其亲，小人乐其乐而利其利，此以没世不忘也。 

注解：《诗经》说：“京城及其周围，都是老百姓向往的地方。”《诗经》又说：“‘绵蛮’叫着的黄鸟，栖息在山冈上。”孔子说：“连黄鸟都知道它该栖息在什么地方，难道人还可以不如一只鸟儿吗？”

《诗经》说：“品德高尚的文王啊，为人光明磊落，做事始终庄重谨慎。”做国君的，要做到仁爱；做臣子的，要做到恭敬；做子女的，要做到孝顺；做父亲的，要做到慈爱；与他人交往，要做到讲信用。

《诗经》说：“看那弯弯的淇水岸边，翠竹郁郁葱葱。文质彬彬的君子，不断切磋，反复琢磨。他开朗而庄重，仪表堂堂。这样的君子，真是令人难忘！”这里所说的“不断切磋”，是指求道的态度；“反复琢磨”，是指自我修炼的精神；说他“开朗而庄重”，是指他内心谨慎而有所戒惧；说他“仪表堂堂”，是指他非常威严；说“这样一个君子，可真是令人难忘啊！”是指由于他品德非常高尚，达到了最完善的境界，所以使人难以忘怀。

《诗经》说：“啊啊，前代的圣君真使人难忘啊！”这是因为明君圣贤能够以前代的圣君王为榜样，尊重其应该尊重的，亲近其应该亲近的，平民百姓也都蒙受恩泽，享受到他们能够享受的，获得其能够获得的。所以虽然前代圣君已经去世，但大家还是不会忘记他。 

In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "The royal domain of a thousandli is where the people rest."

In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "The twittering yellow birdrests on a corner of the mound." The Master said, "When it rests, it knows where to rest. Is it possible that a man should not be equal to this bird?"

In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "Profound was King Wan. With how bright and unceasing a feeling of reverence did he regard his restingplaces!" As a sovereign, he rested in benevolence. As a minister, he rested in reverence. As a son, he rested in filial piety. As a father, he rested in kindness. In communication with his subjects, he rested in good faith.

In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "Look at that winding course of the Ch'i, with the green bamboos so luxuriant! Here is our elegant andaccomplished prince! As we cut and then file; as we chisel and then grind: so has he cultivated himself. How grave is he and dignified! How majestic and distinguished! Our elegant and accomplished prince never can be forgotten." That expression-"As we cut and then file," the work of learning. "As we chisel and then grind," indicates that of self-culture. "How grave is he and dignified!" indicates the feeling of cautious reverence. "How commanding and distinguished! indicates an awe-inspiring deportment. "Our elegant and accomplished prince never can be forgotten," indicates how, when virtue is complete and excellence extreme, the people cannot forget them.

In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "Ah! the former kings are notforgotten." Future princes deem worthy what they deemed worthy, and love what they loved. The common people delight in what delighted them, and are benefited by their beneficial arrangements. It is on this account that the former kings, after they have quitted the world, are not forgotten.

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