学术视界 | 信息化对中国工业行业创新效率的影响（附下载）
信息化对中国工业行业创新效率的影响
何洋，宋林
（西安交通大学经济与金融学院，陕西 西安710061）
摘要：本文根据信息化投入类型的不同，对中国各工业行业不同类型的创新效率进行了分析。面板数据回归分析的结果表明：信息化软件水平提升对工业行业创新效率的影响较信息化基础设备投入的影响更显著，信息化基础设备水平上升仅促进了高市场化行业的创新效率提升，但对低市场化行业影响不显著。信息化软件服务水平越高，则非政府部门研发的创新效率越高，而信息化基础设备水平提升对非政府部门研发的创新效率无显著影响。研究从市场化程度和非政府部门研发角度揭示了信息技术发展中“索洛悖论”产生的原因，建议对市场化程度较低的行业更多进行信息化软件服务投入，提升信息化对创新的促进效果。
关键词：信息化;非政府研发;市场化水平;创新效率
主要研究结论：本研究首先从理论上论述信息化对中国工业行业创新效率的影响机制，将信息化分为基础设备和软件服务两方面论述其对中国工业行业创新效率产生的影响。并根据不同工业行业的市场化程度和非政府研发支持比重两个互补性条件出发，论述信息化水平的提高对工业行业创新效率产生影响的作用状况及其机理：
（1）信息化从总体上可以提升工业行业市场导向型的创新效率。信息化投入服务和行业市场化水平的不匹配，有可能导致信息化促进创新的作用得不到发挥。（2）信息化基础设施水平提高不能直接提高行业的创新效率，只有自身市场化程度较高的行业，信息化基础设施水平的提高才能带来创新效率的提升。非政府部门研发支持比率的提高，并不一定能发挥信息化基础设施投入对创新效率的促进作用。（3）信息化软件服务的提高能直接提高工业行业的创新效率。但若行业市场化水平较高，信息化软件服务投入的增加反而使市场导向型创新效率下降。非政府部门研发支持比例的提高能促使信息化软件服务发挥提高行业创新效率的作用。该研究结论经稳健性测试后依然成立。
Influence of informatization on the innovation efficiency of China′s industrial industries
He Yang, Song Lin
(School of Economics and Finance, Xi′an Jiaotong University, Xi′an 710061, Shaanxi ,China)
Abstract:The new information and communications technology are constantly penetrating the production of various industries through the mobile network, changing the mode of innovation in different industries. Today we face a new trend of unilateralism and protectionism. Therefore, it′s necessary to explore how to use new information and communications technology to improve the efficiency of industrial innovation and correctly use it in innovation is conducive to the breakthrough of key technologies. And we can realize the dream about Chinese industry: from a low level to a high level in manufacturing.
Different from the previous studies, this paper discusses the infrastructure investment and software service investment in the informatization investment, and distinguishes the different impacts of two types of information investment; To better understand different types of innovation, this paper divides the innovation efficiency into market-oriented innovation efficiency and non-market-oriented innovation efficiency.
Subsequently, this paper discusses the influence of two complementary conditions, namely, the strength of R&D support of non-governmental departments and the condition of industry marketization. This paper also explores the different efficiency of industry innovation under different marketization levels and reveals the potential causes of the "Solow paradox" in Chinese industries.
The research mainly combined the method of theory and empirical study. In theoretical research, this paper explains what kind of informatization has an impact on the industrial industry, and the mechanism of informatization on industrial innovation efficiency. This paper puts forward the hypothesis that the higher the degree of informatization of industry, the higher the coordination of elements and the availability of information, which can better improve the innovation efficiency of the industry. However, the effect of informatization on innovation depends on the marketization level of the industry and the origination of R&D funds. There are differences in the impact of different oriented innovation. Information and communications technology bring out the spillover effects of skills, and there will be less obstruction in knowledge learning. So higher marketization level will promote innovation efficiency more frequently. The improvement of informatization has a much more significant effect on promoting market-oriented innovation. The larger the proportion of non-governmental funds in R&D funding sources, the more innovations tend to be market-oriented, which may improve the market-oriented innovation efficiency. In the empirical study, this paper has controlled the variables that may affect the innovation efficiency, and also controlled individual and time heterogeneity of industries. This paper uses a two-way fixed effect model to estimate the coefficient of informatization, and makes a robust analysis of the endogenous problems.
The conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) As a whole, informatization can significantly improve the efficiency of market-oriented innovation. The mismatching of informatization service input and marketization of industry may lead to the failure of informatization in promoting innovation. (2) When we consider the different types of informatization investment, the improvement of infrastructure investment cannot directly improve the innovation efficiency of the industry. Only when industries with higher marketization level, the improvement of informatization infrastructure can promote innovation efficiency. When the marketization level of the industry is low, it is difficult to improve the innovation efficiency by simply increasing the investment in information infrastructure. The increase of R&D support ratio of non-governmental departments has no significant effect on promoting innovation when input more infrastructure. (3) The input of information software services can directly improve the innovation efficiency of the industrial industry. However, if the market-oriented level of the industry is high, the increase of information software service investment will reduce the efficiency of market-oriented innovation. The higher the proportion of R&D support from non-governmental departments, the more obvious the effect of informatization software services on improving the efficiency of industry innovation. The conclusion is still valid after robustness test.
This paper gives the following policy suggestions: firstly, when we plan to increase the investment in information and communications technology, it is necessary to determine what kinds of investment we should take. For the industrial industry with a high marketization level, it is necessary to expand the investment of information infrastructure. Secondly, we should guide the support of non-governmental departments to invest in R&D and make full use of foreign capital with other non-governmental financing resources. We should not only focus on infrastructure investment but also pay attention to providing more guides to those who are familiar with information technology service. Only in that way can scientific research institutions make better use of information technology to improve their innovation efficiency.
Key words:informatization; non-government R&D; marketization level; innovation efficiency
引用本文：何洋，宋林.信息化对中国工业行业创新效率的影响[J].科研管理,2022,43(4):20-28.
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