周洁红 等：直接干预还是间接支持？ 合作社控制措施对农民实施质量安全标准的影响【转】

Zhou Jiehong, Yang Zhiying, Li Kai, Yu Xiaohua.Direct intervention or indirect support? The effects of cooperative control measures on farmers’ implementation of quality and safety standards. Food Policy, 2019, 86

摘要简单翻译：

近年来，发展中国家的劳动密集型农产品由于质量和安全事故在国际贸易中表现较差，其中农药残留是一个主要问题。为了在合作社的背景下改善食品质量和安全，我们引入了三类控制措施：结果控制，过程控制和社会控制。基于安全期间隔标准（PHIS），我们选择了三个指标，PHIS的农民实施率，与PHIS的绝对距离以及与PHIS的相对距离，以评估农药使用的适当性，减少农药残留和农产品的安全性改进。通过使用随机抽样调查数据，我们实证分析了控制措施及其组合对食品质量和安全标准的边际效应。实证结果表明，实施过程控制，即统一生产标准或统一农业投入供给，可以全面提高农民对PHIS的实施率、与PHIS绝对距离、与PHIS的相对距离分别平均提高34.9％，3.2天和46.0％ 。结果控制（安全检查）和社会控制（奖金惩罚激励或培训）的影响仅限于其他措施。因此，我们建议合作社应考虑农民的特点、实施条件和控制措施的效果，以制定可持续的管理计划，以改善食品质量和安全，提高国际市场的竞争力。

Abstract

In recent years, labor-intensive agricultural products from developing countries have exhibited inferior performance in international trade due to quality and safety incidents, among which pesticide residue is a major issue. Aiming to improve food quality and safety in the context of cooperatives, we introduced three categories of control measures: outcome control, process control and social control. Based on the Pre-Harvest Interval Standard (PHIS), we selected three indices, farmers’ implementation rate of PHIS, absolute distance to PHIS and relative distance to PHIS, to evaluate appropriateness of pesticides use, reduction of pesticide residue and safety improvements of agricultural products. By using random sampling survey data, we empirically analyzed the marginal effects of control measures and their combinations on food quality and safety standards. The empirical results show that implementing process control, namely, unified production standards or supply of unified agricultural inputs, can comprehensively improve farmers’ implementation rate of PHIS, absolute distance and relative distance to PHIS respectively by 34.9%, 3.2 days and 46.0% on average. While the effects of outcome control (safety inspection) and social control (bonus-penalty incentive or training) are restricted to other measures. Therefore, we suggest cooperatives should take farmers’ features, implementation conditions and the effects of control measures into consideration in order to make a sustainable management plan for improving food quality and safety and enhancing competitiveness in international markets.

出处：

Zhou Jiehong, Yang Zhiying, Li Kai, Yu Xiaohua.Direct intervention or indirect support? The effects of cooperative control measures on farmers’ implementation of quality and safety standards. Food Policy, 2019, 86

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2019.05.011

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