QJE | 食荒与营养不平等的原因【转】

Hunt Allcott, Rebecca Diamond, Jean-Pierre Dubé, Jessie Handbury, Ilya Rahkovsky, Molly Schnell, Food Deserts and the Causes of Nutritional Inequality, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 134, Issue 4, November 2019, Pages 1793–1844

摘要简单翻译：

我们研究了“营养不平等”的原因：为什么美国的富人比穷人更健康地饮食?

利用超级市场进入和将家庭搬到更健康的社区，我们拒绝社区环境对营养不平等做出重大贡献。然后，我们使用一种新工具来估算杂货需求的结构模型，该工具利用了杂货零售链在不同地理区域的存在和不同产品类别的不同比较优势的组合。反事实模拟显示，将低收入家庭暴露于高收入家庭可使用的相同产品和价格下，可使营养不平等仅减少约10％，而其余90％由需求差异驱动。这些发现反驳了有关增加健康食品供应的政策在减少营养不平等方面可以发挥重要作用的观点。

Abstract 

We study the causes of “nutritional inequality”: why the wealthy eat more healthfully than the poor in the United States. Exploiting supermarket entry and household moves to healthier neighborhoods, we reject that neighborhood environments contribute meaningfully to nutritional inequality. We then estimate a structural model of grocery demand, using a new instrument exploiting the combination of grocery retail chains’ differing presence across geographic markets with their differing comparative advantages across product groups. Counterfactual simulations show that exposing low-income households to the same products and prices available to high-income households reduces nutritional inequality by only about 10%, while the remaining 90% is driven by differences in demand. These findings counter the argument that policies to increase the supply of healthy groceries could play an important role in reducing nutritional inequality.

https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz015

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