马梅琳 Richard Sexton：现代农业价值链和小农农业系统的未来【转】
*中文标题和摘要系简单翻译，可能存在部分错误，请以英文为准
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摘要：
小农农场继续在许多发展中国家发挥着重要作用。作为现代农业价值链的一部分，小农农场作为使农村家庭摆脱贫困和促进粮食安全的一种手段，在未来的作用上已经出现了大的争议。我们建立了一个概念模型，来比较小农生产下的与家庭不再作为农场主经营者参与、而是为合并的商业农场提供土地和劳动力这一假设环境下的家庭收入和粮食总产量。根据实证文献，我们校准模型以量化获得营运资金和产出营销的优势，这些优势可能会增加到大规模农业经营中，并抵消与小农农场相比的任何劳动效率下降。结果表明，在各种可能的市场条件下，家庭可以通过将土地和劳动力出租到竞争要素市场来赚取更多收入。大农场的价格溢价越高，劳动效率的损失越小，对小农的信贷约束越严格，向大农场提供投入品相对于经营小农场的收入优势就越大。在类似条件下，大型农场也会产生产量优势。
Abstract
Smallholder farms continue to play a prominent role in many developing countries. A substantial debate has emerged regarding the future role of smallholder farms as a means to lift rural households out of poverty and contribute to food security as part of modern agricultural value chains. We build a conceptual model to compare household income and total food output under smallholder production versus a hypothetical setting wherein households cease engaging as farm owner-operators, but supply land and labor to consolidated commercial farms. Based on the empirical literature, we calibrate the model to quantify the advantages in acquiring working capital and output marketing that can plausibly accrue to large-scale farming operations and offset any labor efficiency decrement compared to smallholder farms. Results show that households can earn more from renting out land and labor into competitive factor markets for a wide range of plausible market conditions. The higher the price premium commanded by and less the loss in labor efficiency on large farms, and the tighter the credit constraints on smallholders, the greater is the income advantage from supplying inputs to large farms over operating small farms. An output advantage also accrues to large farms under similar conditions.
原文链接（点击“阅读原文”跳转）：
http://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12637
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