邵帅 等：中国农村劳动力转移如何影响环境污染？【转】
*中文标题和摘要系简单翻译，可能存在部分错误，请以英文为准
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摘要：
在中国农村环境污染日益严重的背景下，本文具体考察了中国农村劳动力转移（RLT）对农村环境污染的影响。基于中国家庭数据库和中国社区治理调查中农村社区的微观数据，我们调查了农村劳动力转移对农业污染 (AP)、农村工业污染 (RIP) 和农村生活污染 (RDP) 的影响。此外，我们通过应用中介效应模型确定了农村劳动力转移影响农村环境污染的机制。结果表明，随着更多的农民工流出村庄，农业污染和农村工业污染的概率降低，而农村生活污染的概率增加。然而，不同的转移方式对农村环境污染的影响具有异质性。当农村劳动力转移包括整个家庭时，农业污染、农村工业污染和农村生活污染的概率会更高，而部分家庭成员的农村劳动力转移T则导致农业污染和农村生活污染的概率更高，而农村工业污染的概率更低。此外，在劳动力净流入和劳动力净流出的社区之间，农村劳动力转移对上述三类污染的影响是不同的。劳动力净流出显着加剧了流出社区中农业污染和农村生活污染的概率，但降低了农村工业污染的概率。相比之下，劳动力净流入显著增加了流入社区农村工业污染的概率。机制分析结果表明，农村劳动力转移通过增加留守老人和儿童比例增加农业污染发生概率，但通过增加闲置耕地数量降低农业污染发生概率。此外，农村劳动力转移使社区不太可能遭受农村工业污染，因为农村劳动力转移降低了高污染企业进入社区的可能性。然而，通过提高农村居民的人均可支配收入，农村劳动力转移增加了社区农村生活污染的可能性。
Abstract:
In the context of increasingly serious rural environmental pollution in China, this paper specifically examines the impact of China's rural labor transfer (RLT) on rural environmental pollution. Based on the micro data of rural communities from the Chinese Family Database and the China Community Governance Survey, we investigate the impacts of RLT on agricultural pollution (AP), rural industrial pollution (RIP), and rural domestic pollution (RDP). Furthermore, we identify the mechanisms of RLT affecting rural environmental pollution by applying the mediation effect model. The results show that, with more migrant labors flowing out of the village, the probabilities of AP and RIP decrease, while the probability of RDP increases. However, different transfer modes have heterogeneous effects on rural environmental pollution. When RLT includes the whole family, higher probabilities of AP, RIP, and RDP will present, while RLT with some (but not all) family members gives rise to higher probabilities of AP and RDP, and a lower probability of RIP. In addition, the effects of RLT on the above three types of pollution are different between communities with labor net inflow and labor net outflow. Labor net outflow significantly aggravates the probabilities of AP and RDP in the outflow communities, but reduces the probability of RIP. In contrast, labor net inflow significantly increases the probability of RIP in the inflow communities. The results of mechanism analysis reveal that RLT increases the probability of AP by increasing the proportion of left-behind elderly and children, but lessens the probability of AP by increasing the amount of idle cultivated land. Moreover, RLT renders communities less likely to suffer from RIP, because RLT lowers the probability of high-polluting enterprises moving into communities. However, by improving rural residents' per capita disposable income, RLT increases the likelihood of communities exposing to RDP.
原文链接（点击“阅读原文”跳转）：
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105515
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相关阅读：
撰文编辑：王煜正
审核：龙文进