预防老年痴呆的最全面方法,涉及各个年龄段,收藏!
*仅供医学专业人士阅读参考
如果说老年痴呆是一次“脑子短路”,“短路”对大脑的损害是不可估量的,如何能逃离老年痴呆的魔爪?哪怕只是逃开一点点?
1
世界上每3秒就会有一人被诊断为痴呆
2
痴呆成为全球第五大死因
3
1/3的痴呆其实可被预防
▍生命早期:好好学习
▍人到中年:控制血压
但年龄、遗传是不可控制因素,而血管性因素,尤其高血压是可防可控的重要因素。
43~53岁时收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)越高,69~71岁的WMHV值越大;
36~43岁时SBP越高,69~71岁时海马体积越小;
36~43岁时DBP越高,69~71岁时全脑容量越小。
▍人到老年:多参加社交活动
2019年,英国爱丁堡大学的研究者考察了玩非数字游戏(如下棋、打牌和猜字谜等)对老年人认知能力的影响[8],结果发现70岁时玩非数字游戏频率高的人在76岁和79岁时的总体认知功能更好。
水果:≥3份/天; 蔬菜:≥3份/天; 鱼:≥2份/周; 加工肉类:≤1份/周; 未加工的红肉:≤1.5份/周; 全谷物:≥3份/天; 精制谷物:≤1.5份/天。
≥150分钟/周中等强度活动(快步走、慢跑等); ≥75分钟/周剧烈活动(游泳、竞技类运动等); 每周至少5天的中等强度活动; 或每周1次的剧烈运动。
参考来源:
[1] Maria Cohut, Fact checked by Jasmin Collier. Dementia: 10-year risk estimates may inform prevention. Medical News Today. 5 September 2018. Available at: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322981.php Last assessed on 2018-09-09.
[2] GBD 2016 Dementia Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet. Neurology. 2019;18(1):88-106.
[3]https://n.neurology.org/content/93/24/e2247
[4] Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Jon C. Aster. (2015). Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th Edition. ELSEVIER SAUNDERS, Philadelphia, PA. pp.1287-1288.
[5]https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-05-blood-pressure-lowering-dementia.html
[6]Wang Zengwu,Chen Zuo,Zhang Linfeng et al. Status of Hypertension in China: Results From the China Hypertension Survey, 2012-2015.[J] .Circulation, 2018, 137: 2344-2356.
[7]Lane C A, Barnes J, Nicholas J M, et al. Associations between blood pressure across adulthood and late-life brain structure and pathology in the neuroscience substudy of the 1946 British birth cohort (Insight 46): an epidemiological study[J]. The Lancet Neurology, 2019, 18(10): 942-952.
[8]Drew M Altschul et al.Playing Analog Games Is Associated With Reduced Declines in Cognitive Function: A 68-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study, The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, gbz149, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz149
[9]Lourida I, Hannon E, Littlejohns T J, et al. Association of lifestyle and genetic risk with incidence of dementia[J]. Jama, 2019, 322(5): 430-437.
[10]Rasmussen K L, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Nordestgaard B G, et al. Absolute 10-year risk of dementia by age, sex and APOE genotype: a population-based cohort study[J]. CMAJ, 2018, 190(35): E1033-E1041.
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