【92,93,94,95】Turkish Ambassador’s Home Has Deep Jazz Roots
【92】AS IT IS
Former Buddhist Monk Uses Sand to Spread Peace Message
May 28, 2018
The world has more sand than any one of us could ever imagine.
One estimate says there are about seven quintillion, 500 quadrillion particles of sand on Earth. The number is so large that it is nearly uncountable. This makes sand an ideal material for creating spiritual images.
Losang Samten is a Tibetan scholar and former Buddhist monk. He uses colored sand to build circular images called mandalas. Mandalas are filled with complex imagery. They have deep meaning in both Buddhism and Hinduism.
The tradition of making mandalas is about 2,600 years old. Over the centuries, Tibetan monks have made them from different materials. Before sand, they used ground, colored stone.
Now, Samten travels around the world to find different colors of sand. He also uses water-based paints to change the sand’s colors.
Many years of mandalas
Samten is more than 60 years old. He learned the art of mandala-making many years ago from Tibet’s exiled spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama.
“When I was a teenager, age of 17, I had a privilege to enter to His Holiness Dalai Lama’s monastery … in India. I have been studying sand mandalas ever since then. So, it’s a long time.”
VOA found Samten carefully positioning colored sand at the Philadelphia Folklore Project in West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was working on a mandala about unconditional love.
In 1988, Samten created a sand mandala at the American Museum of History in New York at the request of the Dalai Lama. It was the first time the art form was seen outside of a monastery. Since then, Samten has made sand mandalas at museums, art galleries and universities across the United States and many parts of the world.
“They are used to enhance the spiritual practice through image and meditation, to overcome suffering. Mandalas represent enlightened qualities and methods which explain this path, making them very important for the spiritual journey,” Samten wrote on his website.
Nothing is permanent
Samten was born in Tibet. When he was a boy, his family escaped to Nepal, fleeing Chinese Communist control of his homeland. They lived in a refugee camp for years.
“The winter of 1959, [we] crossed Mount Everest, it took us two months to cross. You cannot travel during the day and so scared and not enough food, not enough clothes. I was age of 5. I saw, I mean unbelievable dead bodies, people dying without food. I become a monk at age 11, when I was in school, refugee school.”
Samten left monastic life in 1995 and became the spiritual director at the Tibetan Buddhist Center of Philadelphia. He says the patience of the creative process can lead observers to find peace and strength within themselves.
“When I am doing this mandala at the universities and the schools, many kids came to me, (saying) ‘when I saw you doing the sand mandala, that help me so much to finish my education, patience ...’ Well, I have a lot of stories.”
Beauty comes and goes
After a sand mandala is completed, it is destroyed as part of a ceremony. Samten says there are many reasons for this. One reason is for beauty.
“Whatever we see as a beauty on the earth, never be everlasting as a beauty and impermanent, impermanent, comes and goes.”
Samten often invites children to take part in the ceremony.
To visitor Traci Chiodress, that was part of the magnetism of the event.
“I think it’s powerful to see something so beautiful created, and then taken apart, and to be done in a community with a group of people of different ages,” she said. “I just think it’s an important type of practice.”
I’m Alice Bryant.
June Soh wrote this story for VOA News. Alice Bryant adapted her story for Learning English. George Grow was the editor.
_______________________________________________________________
Words in This Story
quintillion – n. a million raised to the power of 5
quadrillion – n. a thousand raised to the power of 5
scholar – n. a person who has studied a subject for a long time and knows a lot about it
monk – n. a member of a religious community of men who usually promise to remain poor, unmarried, and separated from the rest of society
privilege – n. a right or benefit that is given to some people and not to others
monastery – n. a place where monks live and work together
meditation – n. the act or process of spending time in quiet thought
journey – n. an act of traveling from one place to another
scared – adj. afraid of something
kid – n. a young person
【93】AS IT IS
Marvel Adds Indigenous Superhero from Canada’s North
May 28, 2018
Line art by Sean Izaakse. Colors by Marcio Menyz. Champions and all related content copyright © Marvel Comics.
A new superhero has been added to Marvel Comics’ Champions series. Her name is Amka Aliyak. She is known as Snowguard.
Amka Aliyak is an Inuit teenager from northern Canada. She comes from Pangnirtung, a town in the territory of Nunavut.
Inuit is the name for the native, or indigenous, people living in northern Canada, as well as parts of Greenland and the American state of Alaska. Nunavut is one of four areas that make up the homeland for Canada’s Inuit population.
Amka Aliyak first appeared last month in Champion’s issue #19. She began as a normal girl who became interested in the sudden appearance of a mysterious factory near her home.
When she decides to investigate, a new, great adventure begins. Her character is powered by an Inuit spirit-force named Sila. She gains the power to shapeshift, which means she can change her form from a girl to an animal.
Amka Aliyak is struck with mythical power in the newest comic book, Champions #20. Her superhero persona, Snowguard, will come to life in Champions #21, to be released in June. Marvel Comics is known for many of its superheroes, including Spider-Man, Ms. Marvel, Cyclops and the Hulk.
The idea for Amka came from Jim Zub, a Toronto-based writer, artist and art teacher. He took over writing the Champions series, beginning with #19.
“I’d been doing Marvel stories for three years. And when I was on the Avengers series, I made a few new villains and a couple of new little elements,” Zub said. “There are Canadian superheroes at Marvel, but there haven’t been any new ones in quite a while and there haven’t been any teenaged heroes.”
That is when Zub decided to turn to the Inuit people, whose traditions include myths. Some of their stories describe creatures with human-like characteristics.
The writer teamed up with South African artist Sean Izaakse and colorist Marcio Menyz to bring Amka Aliyak to life. Zub said that in creating her character, they tried to keep an important balance. They wanted to make sure she represented the things that make indigenous culture special and interesting. But they did not want the character to “fall too far into stereotypes.”
Zub said he carefully researched Inuit history and culture. He also contacted Toronto-based film producer Nyla Innuksuk, who is the great-granddaughter of the last shaman of the north.
He said the producer was able to provide good ideas for the teenage girl’s character, as well as information about life and culture in her community. This resulted in details being added, such as traditional tattoos and clothing.
As with other superhero comics, the stories are often built around showing examples of good and bad behavior. The characters seek to “demonstrate the ways we should treat each other and the things we should watch out for,” Zub said.
He added that readers should not worry about Amka Aliyak disappearing after a few issues, as is sometimes the case with comics. He says she will be joining forces with the other Champions to fight evil and change the world for a long time to come.
I’m Bryan Lynn.
Cecily Hilleary wrote this story for VOA News. Bryan Lynn adapted it for Learning English. George Grow was the editor.
We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments section, and visit our Facebook page.
________________________________________________________________
Words in This Story
character – n. a person included in a story
issue – n. version of a newspaper, magazine, etc. that is published on a particular day
adventure – n. an exciting and sometimes dangerous experience
villain – n. someone in a story or movie who does bad things
mythological – adj. things or ideas that are believed by many people but are not true
stereotype – n. an often unfair and untrue belief that many people have about all people or things with a particular quality
element – n. a part of something
shaman – n. someone believed in some cultures to have powers to control or influence good and evil spirits
tattoo – n. a permanent picture or word added to the surface of skin, created by using needles to put colors under the skin
【94】AS IT IS
Turkish Ambassador’s Home Has Deep Jazz Roots
May 28, 2018
The Turkish ambassador’s home in Washington has deep jazz roots and was visited by several famous black musicians during segregation. (VOA)
Washington D.C. is home to many embassies and diplomatic offices representing the nations of the world.
Many ambassadors in Washington live in large, beautiful buildings with rich, interesting histories. One of them is home to Turkey’s ambassador, Serdar Kilic.
It is called Everett House. It is in a neighborhood known for its many embassies and diplomatic buildings. The home was built in 1914 for a wealthy businessman named Edward H. Everett. He made his money working in the glass and oil industries.
After Everett’s death in 1929, the Turkish government began to pay for its use. Later, Turkey bought the home and all its contents.
In 1935, Turkey’s second ambassador to Washington, Mehmet Munir Ertegun, moved into Everett House. He and his two sons – Ahmet and Nesuhi - had a great love for jazz music. They wanted to experience it with musicians in Washington.
But Ahmet said in a 2005 interview that when he first arrived in the U.S., jazz music by black musicians was not easy to find. This was during a period of segregation - laws and customs that blocked blacks from mixing with whites in America. But, over time, he said his family got to know some famous black musicians by seeing their shows at Washington’s Howard Theatre.
The current ambassador says the Ertegun family organized many jazz events and jam sessions at the residence.
“But not only the white Americans, also the black Americans. And that was the segregation period in the United States. And that was a big move on the part of the Turkish ambassador at that time.”
Ahmet Ertegun said several major black performers came to the ambassador’s home. They included black musicians Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong. But the family also invited famous white performers including Benny Goodman and Tommy Dorsey.
Kilic said the fact that black musicians were permitted to enter the home upset some powerful people in Washington. He said that one southern member of Congress even wrote a letter to Ambassador Ertegun, expressing shock that black people could be seen walking in and out the front doors.
“What the Turkish ambassador said, ‘I mean they are equal citizens of the American society, as far as Turkey is concerned, and he invited all the guests through the front door.”
John Whittington Franklin is with the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture. He says the Turkish ambassador’s treatment of blacks showed the community that his home was a safe place for them in Washington.
“That it gives assurance to African Americans that there are people from Europe who appreciate them and appreciate their music. And treat them as equals.”
Later, Ahmet Ertegun himself made a big mark on American music. In 1947, he co-founded the famous recording company Atlantic Records. His brother helped him run it. Atlantic Records became a very influential part of the music business. It helped launch the careers of some of America’s biggest stars in jazz, rock’n’roll, and rhythm and blues.
I’m Bryan Lynn.
Ozlem Tinaz reported this story for VOA News. Bryan Lynn adapted it Learning English, with additional information from other sources. Caty Weaver was the editor.
We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments section, and visit our Facebook page.
_____________________________________________________________
Words in This Story
jam session – n. a gathering or performance in which musicians play together informally without any preparation
assurance – n. the state of being sure or certain about something
appreciate – v. to understand the worth and importance of
AS IT IS
Strong Demand in Illegal Pangolin Trade Leads Countries to Take Action
May 28, 2018
FILE- A Malaysian pangolin walks past cages containing 45 others as a wildlife officer watches in Kuala Lumpur, Aug. 8, 2002.
You may be surprised to learn that the world’s most trafficked endangered mammalis a strange-looking animal.
It is the pangolin, also known as the scaly anteater.
An adult pangolin can be almost 100 centimeters in length, although the smallest are only about 30 centimeters long.
The animal’s body is covered in small, thin scales that help to protect the animal from attack. Pangolins can fight off attackers with their sharp claws. Yet they possess little defense against human attackers.
Several years ago, demand for the meat and scales of pangolins was rising in China. It got so high that all eight kinds of pangolin were declared vulnerable or critically endangered.
The International Union For Conservation of Nature, or IUCN, is an organization working to protect wild animals and their environment. It claims that pangolins represent as much as 20 percent of all illegal wildlife trade. The IUCN reports that more than a million pangolins were illegally hunted in the 10 years leading up to 2014.
Environmental activists and nongovernmental organizations have worked hard to learn all they can about pangolins. An IUCN Species Survival Commission formed a pangolin specialist group in 2012. One hundred experts from 25 countries are a part of the group.
Commission members organized a pangolin awareness day each year in February, starting in 2014. It is called World Pangolin Day.
Pangolins can be found in parts of Asia, including China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam.
In Africa, Uganda appears to be a leading supplier of pangolins. Radio Free Asia reports the pangolin trade is highly profitable. Traders can purchase the animals at low prices in Uganda, for example, and then sell them at high prices in Asia.
Experts say that most of the illegally bought and sold pangolins are shipped either to China or to Vietnam. In both countries, the animals’ scales are said to be prized for medicinal value.
At least one media report noted that some people have worn pangolin scales like jewelry.
In addition, pangolin meat is considered a rare, very costly food. In Vietnam, some restaurants serve the meat as their most costly meal.
In 2016, an international agency governing wildlife trading worldwide banned illegal hunting, trafficking and sale of pangolins. All 182 member nations of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species voted to support the ban.
Some countries slow to move
China’s government has been increasing its efforts to fight the pangolin trade. And on January 1, Vietnam amended its laws to increase prison sentences for illegal wildlife sales. The longest sentence is now 15 years, up from seven years.
But when it comes to the illegal trade of pangolins and rhinoceros horns, Vietnam has been slow to act on its promises. The same has been true of its willingness to enforce the strongest sentences.
In 2014, CNN television reported that Vietnam had only a limited ability to deal with rescued pangolins. Activists working to halt the trade and care for captured pangolins had little support, the report said.
Hong Kong has also been slow in enacting punishment. There is no scientific evidence to support the belief that pangolin scales have medical uses. Still, many citizens in Hong Kong apparently believe they do.
Pangolins’ thick protective scales are made from keratin, the same material that makes up human fingernails. Users heat the animal’s skin in water to remove the scales, then dry and cook them.
On March 22, the French news agency Agence France Presse reported that some Hong Kong businesses were still involved in the trade. They were selling pangolins scales, sometimes hidden behind boxes containing other goods.
One salesman selling the scales for $108 for only 40 grams claimed that the scales could remove toxic substances. The scales can cost more than $3,000 for just one kilogram.
The illegal trade in pangolins is reported to be widespread in Indonesia. Between 2007 and 2015, Indonesian officials seized 31,000 pangolins.
Separately, in Malaysia, Thailand, and Uganda, some 21,000 pangolins were reported to have been collected during the same period.
Indonesia has declared bans on the hunting and trading of the endangered animals, while threatening severe punishment for violators. But enforcement is a problem, with a lack of money going to control the trade.
Pangolin publicity problem
Endangered pangolins have gained much less international attention than elephants and rhinoceroses. Some experts say these larger animals possess a kind of special appeal lacking in the smaller anteaters.
Pangolins are only active at night, making them difficult to observe in the wild. In captivity, pangolins easily fall victim to disease and depression, so they are rarely to be found with other animals in zoos. An exception can be seen in Taiwan, where they have been treated as stars of the animal world. They are taken to zoos, brought back to good health when injured, and returned to the wild when possible.
I’m Pete Musto. And I’m Dorothy Gundy.
Dan Southerland first reported this story for Radio Free Asia. Pete Musto adapted his report for VOA Learning English. George Grow was the editor.
We want to hear from you. What more can countries do to stop the illegal trade of pangolins? Write to us in the Comments Section or on our Facebook page.
______________________________________________________________
Words in This Story
trafficked – adj. bought or sold illegally, especially between countries
mammal – n. a type of animal that feeds milk to its young and that usually has hair or fur covering most of its skin
scaly – adj. covered with many small thin plates
claw(s) – n. a sharp curved part on the toe of an animal, such as a cat or bird
vulnerable – adj. easily hurt or harmed physically, mentally, or emotionally
species – n. a group of animals or plants that are similar and can produce young animals or plants
awareness – n. knowledge that something, such as a situation, condition, or problem, exists
horn(s) – n. one of the hard pointed parts that grows on the head of some animals, such as cattle, goats, or sheep
fingernail(s) – n. the hard covering at the end of your fingers
toxic – adj. containing poisonous substances
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