【慢速听力:398探索】Hoover Dam: Taming the Colorado River and Powering..
The following article is from 红渡中学22班 Author littleflute
Hoover Dam: Taming the Colorado River and Powering Millions
2012-3-6
BOB DOUGHTY: This is Bob Doughty.
STEVE EMBER: And this is Steve Ember with EXPLORATIONS in VOA Special English. Today we tell about Hoover Dam.
(MUSIC)
BOB DOUGHTY: Our report today about Hoover Dam must begin with the Colorado River. This river made the dam necessary. The Colorado River begins high in the Rocky Mountains. It begins slowly, during the dark months of winter. Heavy snow falls on the Rocky Mountains.
The snow is so deep in some areas that it will stay on the ground well into the hot days of summer. But the snow does melt. Ice cold water travels down the mountains and forms several rivers -- the Gila River, the Green River, the Little Colorado, the San Juan, the Virgin and the Gunnison Rivers. These rivers link together and form the beginnings of the Colorado River. The Colorado River flows through, or provides water for, the states of Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada and California. Then it crosses the border into Mexico.
STEVE EMBER: The Colorado River has always been extremely powerful. The river created the huge Grand Canyon. The violent water cut hundreds of meters deep into the desert floor of Arizona.? The Grand Canyon is proof of the power of this great river.
The Grand Canyon was cut into the desert floor beginning thousands of years ago.? But the power of this river has been demonstrated in more modern times.
Between nineteen-oh-five and nineteen-oh-seven, the Colorado River caused great amounts of flooding in parts of Arizona and California. Huge amounts of water ran into a low area in the dry, waterless desert that had once been an ancient lake. In two years of flooding, the Colorado River filled the ancient lake. That lake is called the Salton Sea. Today, it is about fifty-six kilometers long by twenty-five kilometers wide. It is even larger in years of heavy rain.
BOB DOUGHTY: The flooding that created the Salton Sea also flooded homes, towns and farming areas. Many people were forced to flee their homes. Government leaders knew they had to do something to prevent such floods in the future.
In nineteen eighteen, a man named Arthur Davis proposed building a dam to control the Colorado River. Mister Davis was a government engineer. He said the dam should be built in an area called Boulder Canyon on the border between the states of Arizona and Nevada.
STEVE EMBER: Building the dam would not be a simple matter. The people of seven states and the people of Mexico needed and used the water of the Colorado River. Much of that area is desert land. Water is extremely important. Without water from the Colorado River, farming is not possible. Without water, life in the desert is not possible.
On November twenty-fourth, nineteen twenty-two, officials signed a document in Santa Fe, New Mexico. That document is called the Colorado River Compact. The document tells how the seven states would share the water of the Colorado River. It was agreed this could be more easily done with the aid of a dam. Later an agreement was signed with Mexico to supply it with water from the Colorado River.
(MUSIC)
BOB DOUGHTY: The area chosen for the dam was called Black Canyon. The walls of Black Canyon rise almost two hundred forty-three meters above the river. An ancient volcano formed the rock in Black Canyon. Engineers decided the rock would provide a good strong support for the proposed dam.
However, the area also presented problems. The nearest railroad was sixty kilometers away. There was no electric power. And, in the summer, the temperature in the desert in Black Canyon could reach as high as forty-eight degrees Celsius.
A great deal of work was done before operations started on the dam. Workers built a town called Boulder City to house employees working on the dam. They built a large road from Boulder City to the area of the dam. They built a railroad from a main line in Las Vegas, Nevada to Boulder City. They built another railroad from Boulder City to the dam area. And they built a three hundred fifty kilometer power line from San Bernadino, California. This provided electric power to the area where the dam was being built.
usbr.gov
STEVE EMBER: The work on the dam began in April of nineteen thirty-one. Workers called "high scalers" were some of the first to begin building the dam. They were suspended from ropes as they used heavy air-powered hammers to break any loose rock away from the face of the canyon walls. When they could not use hammers, they used dynamite. One high scaler became very famous. His name was Arnold Parks. He caught another worker who had fallen off the top of the canyon.
Mister Parks held the worker to the wall of the canyon until others came to help. Today, visitors can see a statue of the men who worked as high scalers to build Hoover Dam.
The high scalers worked on the sides of the canyon. Other workers dug huge tunnels deep in the floor of the canyon. This was done to permit the Colorado River to flow away from the construction area. This had to be done so the floor of the dam could be built.
On June sixth, nineteen thirty-three, workers poured the first load of a building material called concrete. Men in two special factories worked day and night to make the concrete building material for the dam.
Huge equipment moved millions of tons of rock and sand. In the summer months, the terrible desert heat slowed the work but did not stop it. Men who worked at night on the dam suffered less, but the heat was still as high as thirty degrees Celsius.
BOB DOUGHTY: Slowly the great dam began to rise from the floor of the canyon. From the canyon floor it reaches two hundred twenty-one meters high. Workers poured the last of the concrete on May twenty-ninth, nineteen thirty-five.? They had used almost four million cubic meters of concrete in the dam. Workers also used more than twenty million kilograms of steel to strengthen the concrete in the dam.
STEVE EMBER: The work was dangerous for the more than five thousand men who worked on the structure. The extreme temperatures, falling objects and heavy equipment caused accidents. The workers were provided with medical care and two emergency vehicles to take them to a new hospital in Boulder City. However, ninety-six men lost their lives during the building of the great dam.
The companies building the dam had been given seven years to complete the work. They did it in only five. The dam was finished on March first, nineteen thirty-six.
Other work now began. This work would make the dam into one of the largest producers of electric power ever built. The dam was built to control the powerful Colorado River. But it was also meant to use the river to produce large amounts of electric power.
Today, seventeen huge machines use the river's power to produce electric power. The states of Arizona and Nevada share the power. So do many cities in California, including Los Angeles, Burbank, and Pasadena.
(MUSIC)
BOB DOUGHTY: When the Hoover Dam was finished in nineteen thirty-six, it was the largest dam in the world. It was also the tallest. And it was the largest power producer that used water power to make electricity. Today this is no longer true. Taller dams, larger dams and a few that produce more power have been created. But Hoover Dam is still a huge and interesting place.
Visitors to Hoover Dam drive on a small road that passes Lake Mead. They enter a special visitors' center to learn about the dam and the men who built it. They ride high-speed elevators that go deep inside the dam. They see the huge machines that produce electric power.
Many visitors say they thought the name of the huge structure was Boulder Dam.? They are told that Hoover Dam is often called Boulder Dam. However, it is named after former President Herbert Hoover.
AP
Before he was president, Mister Hoover worked for many years to make the construction of the dam possible. It was officially named to honor him in nineteen forty-seven.
Visitors leave the great dam with an understanding of how difficult the project was. They learn that it still safely controls the great Colorado River. And it also provides water and electric power to millions of people in the American southwest.
(MUSIC)
STEVE EMBER: This program was written by Paul Thompson. It was produced by Mario Ritter. This is Steve Ember.
BOB DOUGHTY: And this is Bob Doughty. Join us again next week for another EXPLORATIONS program in VOA Special English.
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【慢速听力:193探索】黄石公园:超级美丽,和一个睡眠的火山
【慢速听力: 192探索】 Dry Tortugas: 佛罗里达海岸,一个最不寻常的国家公园
【191探索】Saving Lives and Guiding Ships Along the Eastern US Coast
【慢速听力190探索】It's a Zoo Up There in Space. Make That a Galaxy Zoo
【慢速听力: 189探索】加拉帕戈斯群岛被联合国教科文组织列入濒危名单
【慢速听力: 188探索】寻找一项活动,为勇敢的心(和高地)?试着运动跳伞
【慢速听力: 187探索】空间站仍是一项正在进行中的工作,一次是一件大事
【慢速听力: 186探索】科罗拉多州的一个国家公园展示了大自然的艺术
【慢速听力: 184探索】 第一个独自飞越大西洋的女人Amelia Earhart, 1897-1937:
【慢速听力: 183探索】“水星13”:追逐梦想却从未成为宇航员的女人
【慢速听力: 181探索】好到最后一滴:咖啡文化在美国生机勃勃
【慢速听力: 180探索】国家野生动物保护区体系:保护美国毛茸茸的朋友
【VOA慢速听力: 179探索】在400年后,是什么使莎士比亚的作品如此生机勃勃?
【VOA慢速听力: 178探索】 整个世界仍是莎士比亚永恒想象的舞台
【VOA慢速听力: 177探索】查尔斯·林德伯格(CharlesLindbergh)80年前飞往巴黎,进了历史书
【VOA慢速听力: 176探索】对火山很感兴趣?那么,一个可以四处看看的地方是夏威夷
【VOA慢速听力: 175探索】发现给巨石阵带来了新的曙光,但谜团依然存在
【VOA慢速听力: 174探索】塔斯基吉空军:第一批被训练成战斗机飞行员的非洲裔美国人
【173探索】Eleanor Creesy 帮助导航一艘有史以来建造的最快帆船之一
【169探索】世界各地自学成才的艺术家创造出强大而不寻常的艺术
【167探索】国际妇女节纪念争取平等、正义、和平与发展的斗争
【165探索】与大象对视,在非洲的Safari上观看饥饿的鳄鱼
【164探索】Press Freedom: Is It Alive and Well in the World?
【162探索】Learning at the Smithsonian in Washington, D.C.
【160探索】对老年人来说,有很多机会把学习变成一种终生的活动
【159探索】对于55岁以上的人来说,世界是一个通过老年人宿舍的教室
【157探索】From Clay to Art: Exploring the World of Ceramics
【155探索】从玛雅金字塔到耶路撒冷老城再到互联网:新的“奇迹”
【149探索】犹他州的四个国家公园,在那里你可以找到拱门,巫术和天空中的一个岛
【145探索】海盗可能在书和电影中很受欢迎,但海盗行为仍然是一个威胁
【144探索】环顾四周,你可以在世界各地的街道上看到这种免费艺术
【142探索】Street-Wise: Building Houses That Are Healthier for...
【141探索】Days of Apollo: Collecting Rocks, and Making History...
【140探索】'Houston, We've Had a Problem Here': The Survival of...
【139探索】'That's One Small Step ...': The Story of the First...
【138探索】Spaceflight History: Excitement and Tragedy on Road...
【137探索】1965: Two Gemini Craft Meet in Space, Another Step...
【136探索】'The Greatest Experience': Ed White Goes for the ...
【135探索】1961: Telling Mission Control 'Light This Candle,' ...
【134探索】Project Mercury: Soviet Successes Push U.S. to Build...
【133探索】Klondike Gold Rush: Stories of Riches Waiting to Be...
【132探索】Gold Rush! Thousands of People Traveled to the...
【131探索】 Visiting Seven Man-Made Wonders of the United States
【130探索】Tuskegee Airmen: The First African-Americans Trained...
【129探索】 A Place of Beautiful Extremes: Yosemite National...
【128探索】Above Ground but Under the Sea: Visiting Some...
【127探索】Carl Sagan Helped People Understand Science
【126探索】Mesa Verde National Park in Colorado: Protecting the...
【125探索】 Development Marketplace: Turning Ideas Into Action
【124探索】Venus Express Spacecraft Explores Earth's Mysterious...
【123探索】Forensic Science Is Often Used to Solve Crimes
【122探索】A Sticky Black Hole of Ancient Death, Right in the...
【121探索】Population Growth is Dropping in Industrialized...
【120探索】George Catlin Painted Native American Tribes and Their...
【119探索】George Catlin Became One of the Most Famous Artists in...
【118探索】Mysterious Creatures: Are Bigfoot and the Loch Ness...
【117探索】The Castillo de San Marcos: A Story of Ships, ...
【116探索】A Trip Along the Potomac River, One of America's Most...
【115探索】Wet and Dry, Fire and Ice: Visiting Seven of America's..
【114探索】Women Around the World Continue to Struggle for Their。。。
【113探索】 Providing Health Care for Native Communities in Mexico
【112探索】Styrofoam Stonehenge: A Full-Size Copy in a Search for..
【111探索】Nanotechnology: How the Science of the Very Small Is ...
【110探索】Let the Games Begin: Winter Olympics Start Feb. 10 in...
【109探索】International Consumer Electronics Show Presents ...
【108探索】Sustained Dialogue: Solving Conflicts Among People in...
【107探索】International Sustained Dialogue: Solving Long-Term...
【106探索】Young People Around the World Are Active in Politics
【104探索】Where Did the English Language Come From?
【103探索】South Street Seaport Museum Offers a Living Link With...
【102探索】The Internet and Its Future
【101探索】The Lewis and Clark Exploration: One of the Most...
【100探索】Opening the American West: Lewis and Clark and the...
【99探索】Lewis and Clark and the Corps of Discovery Map a Nation
【98探索】 Shadow Wolves Find and Arrest People Trying to Bring...
【97探索】Carbon Monoxide Poisoning is a Silent Killer That ...
【96探索】 More Than Half of All Languages in the World Are in...
【95探索】Isaac Newton: One of History's Greatest Scientists
【94探索】America's Interstate Highway System Has Almost 70,000...
【93探索】Mauna Kea in Hawaii: Astronomy on the World's Highest...
【92探索】The National Cryptologic Museum Tells Top Secrets of...
【91探索】In an Age of Modern Science and Medicine, Infectious...
【90探索】Wiley Post: The First Pilot to Fly Around the World Alone
【89探索】World Summit in New York Will Mark 60th Anniversary of...
【88探索】Emperor Penguins Survive in World's Most Extreme Climate
【87探索】Lessons Learned From the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima...
*【86探索】VOA慢速英语听力Camping in America's National and State Parks
*【85探索】'The Big Muddy' is the longest river in the United States
【84探索】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 The Story of Longitude
【83探索】South Asia Continues to Recover After December Tsunami
【82探索】Lower East Side Tenement Museum Recreates Life in New ...
【81探索】Igor Sikorsky: Aircraft and Helicopter Designer
【80探索】A Visit to Two National Parks: Mount Rainier in。。。
【79探索】As Long as It Remains Profitable, Child Trafficking Will..
【78探索】One of the World’s Natural Wonders: the Grand Canyon
【77】Four Companies Working for the Common Good Instead of Profit
【76探索】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 The Story of Radio
【75探索】VOA慢速英语听力 The Guitar: an Instrument for Any Kind of Music
【74探索】Amelia Earhart: She Showed That Women, Too, Could Set...
【73探索】Unusual creatures live on the Galapagos Islands in the...
【72探索】VOA特别英语节目:慢速英语听力Wade Davis: Scientist, Explorer and Writer
【71探索】The Indiana Dunes: Beautiful Sand Hills and Wildlife in..
【70探索】How Robert Goddard Helped Lead America Into Space
【69探索】Around the World, Helping Victims of War and Natural...
【68探索】美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力How the Internet Grew from a Simple Idea
【67探索】The Internet: Linking People in a Way Once Thought...
【66探索】美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Information Age, Part 1
【65探索】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力SPACE DIGEST
【64探索】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力The Columbia River
【63探索】美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Albert Einstein
【62探索】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Space Digest
【61索】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力Aviation Hall of Fame
【60探索】特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Satellite Photos of Mayan Ruins
【59探索】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Cassini-Huygens at Titan
【58探索】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力The Mississippi
【57探索】特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 The National Museum of Natural History
【56探索】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力Space Digest
【55探索】特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Puppets Teaching Children Around the World
【54探索】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力The Year in Space
【53探索】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Wireless Internet Connection
【52探索】美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 California Missions
【51探索】美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Indian Museum Education Programs
【50探索】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Appalachian Trail
【49探索】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Ecotourism
【48探索】美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Exploring Africa
【47探索】美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Erie Canal
【46探索】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Running a Marathon
【45探索】美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Children's Press Line
【44探索】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 National Geographic Worldwide
【43探索】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Mount Saint Helens
【42探索】美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Space Digest
【41探索】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Computer Software Theft
【40探索】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Robert Edison Fulton, Jr.
【39探索】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Space Digest
【38探索】 慢速英语听力 Wonders of the World, Part 3, Modern Wonders
【37探索】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Wonders of the World, Part 2
【36探索】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Wonders of the World, Part 1
【35探索】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Jacqueline Cochran
【34】 美国之音特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Yellowstone Volcano
【33】 美国之特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Space Digest
【32】 美国之特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Hoover Dam
【31】 美国之特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Yosemite National Park
【30】 美国之特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Cassini-Huygens at Saturn
【29】 慢速英语听力 San Francisco Maritime National ParkNational Park
【28】 美国之特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 North Carolina Lighthouses
【27】 美国之特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Space Digest
【26】 美国之特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Volcanoes National Park
【25】 美国之特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Rio Grande, Part 2
【24】 美国之特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Rio Grande, Part 1
【23】 美国之特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 James Doolittle
【22】 美国之特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Dry Tortugas National Par
【21】 美国之特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Sport Parachuting
【20】 美国之特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Global Positioning System
【19】 美国之特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Space Digest
【18】 美国之特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Doc Holliday and the Old West
【16】 美国之特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Colorado National Monument
【15】 美国之特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 The Voyager Airplane
【14】 美国之特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Ford's Theater
【13】 美国之特别英语节目:慢速英语听力 Space Digest
【10】New Communications Technology
【8】EXPLORATIONS - Mars Exploration, Part 2 - 2004-02-03
【7】EXPLORATIONS - Mars Exploration, Part 1 - 2004-01-27
【6】 Who Were the Deadliest Gunmen of the Wild West?
【5】 Famous Outlaws and Gunmen of the Wild West
【4】National Air And Space Museum's Udvar-Hazy Center
【2】Music Would Not Be The Same Without the Guitar
【1】On the Shoulders of Giants: Isaac Newton and Modern Science
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