散文最重要的品质
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The Cardinal Virtue of Prose
散文最重要的品质
Arthur Clutton-Brock
亚瑟•克拉顿-布罗克
Prose of its very nature is longer than verse, and the virtues peculiar to it manifest themselves gradually. If the cardinal virtue of poetry is love, the cardinal virtue of prose is justice; and, whereas love makes you act and speak on the spur of the moment, justice needs inquiry, patience, and a control even of the noblest passions... By justice here I do not mean justice only to particular people or ideas, but a habit of justice in all the processes of thought, a style tranquillized and a form moulded by that habit. The master of prose is not cold, but he will not let any word or image inflame him with a heat irrelevant to his purpose. Unhasting, unresting, he pursues it, subduing all the riches of his mind to it, rejecting all beauties that are not germane to it; making his own beauty out of the very accomplishment of it, out of the whole work and its proportions, so that you must read to the end before you know that it is beautiful. But he has his reward, for he is trusted and convinces, as those who are at the mercy of their own eloquence do not; and he gives a pleasure all the greater for being hardly noticed. In the best prose, whether narrative or argument, we are so led on as we read, that we do not stop to applaud the writer, nor do we stop to question him.
就其本质而言,散文比韵文篇幅长,因而其特有的品质是逐渐表现出来的。如果说诗歌最重要的品质是爱,散文最重要的品质是公正;爱使你因一时冲动而采取行动、表达自己,但要做到公正则需要调查,需要耐心,需要控制激情,即使这种激情是最崇高的。说起公正,我不是针对具体的人或具体的想法,而是指在思想的全过程中的一种公正的习惯,一种由此习惯所形成的沉静的文风和由此习惯所造就的形式。散文大师并不冷漠,但他也不允许那些含有激情但又与他的初衷毫不相干的字词或形象来激发他的感情。他不慌不忙又永不停止地追求着,克制着他丰富的主观色彩,抛弃所有无关的藻饰,他从完成的作品里,从作品的整体和各部分之间恰当的比例里,创造着他自己的美,所以,你要想知道作品是美的,就必须把它读完。然而,他也得到应有的奖赏,因为人们信任他,他令人信服,正像那些依靠言辞雄辩的人不能令人信服一样,而且,正因为他不显声露色而能给人更大的愉悦。在阅读最好的散文时,无论是叙事的还是说理的,我们会一直读下去,不会停下来为作者欢呼,也不会停下来向作者发问。
译后语
一篇关于散文的散文
“The Cardinal Virtue of Prose”是一篇关于散文的短论,文章从散文本身、作者、读者三个角度论述散文。前三句讲散文本身,中间三句讲作者,最后一句讲读者。讲散文时由“Prose”起始,讲作者时由“The master of prose”起始,讲读者时由“In the best prose … we”起始。从形式到内容,这三部分的衔接与连贯都是内在的,在它们之间没有使用连接词。主题集中,思路清晰,发展自然。
在第一部分,作者从三个方面论述散文的性质:首先说“the cardinal virtue of prose is justice”,所谓“justice”,是指“真实”“公正”地反映思想、感情和事物;接着说“justice needs inquiry, patience, and a control even of the noblest passions …”,是指这种“真实”和“公正”需要“调查”“耐心”和“头脑清醒”;最后,作者进一步明确,it is “but a habit of justice in all the processes of thought, a style tranquillized and a form moulded by that habit”,所谓“justice”,是指思想过程中“真实”和“公正”的习惯,以及由此习惯所形成的沉静的文风和由此习惯所造就的形式。这部分是文章的核心。
以上内容摘自《英语经典散文翻译与赏析》,刘士聪选译,谷启楠审译。书中还有对原文译文的赏析和讲解,对学英语和学翻译都大有帮助。图片来自网络。
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