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“宜人天气”与“酒肉朋友”

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“宜人天气”与“酒肉朋友”

 

英国是个岛国,四面环海。大西洋的海风影响着英伦三岛的天气,一天里忽阴忽晴,一会儿下雨,一会儿又刮风。天气影响着人们的日常生活,英国人爱聊天气,打招呼问天气如何。天气也影响着人们的言谈话语,英国人爱拿天气打比方,英语里不乏天气隐喻。风和日丽,反映喜悦快乐心情。阴云密布,代表低沉抑郁情绪。雷声大作,体现怒气冲冲。狂风暴雨,象征困难重重。

 

英国是传统的航海国家。水手或海员常年在海上漂泊,容易受风寒,他们说to be/feel/look under the weather时,意思是to be/feel/look slightly ill/sick and not as well as usual,即“感觉/看上去稍有不适”,是种委婉的说法。例如:

I am a bit under the weather today, so I can't go to work.

今天我有点身体不适,所以不能去上班。

I'm feeling a bit under the weather at the moment.

这会儿我觉得有点不舒服。

 

风吹日晒或风吹雨淋,使人皮肤变化或使东西褪色、变色或变形。英语的weather可以当动词用,意思是to change, or make sth change, colour or shape, because of the effect of the sun, rain or wind:

My face was weathered by the sun.

我的脸被太阳晒黑了。

This brick has weathered to a lovely pinky-brown.

这块砖头经过风吹日晒,变成令人喜爱的略带粉红的褐色。

 

人饱经风吹日晒或饱经风霜,皮肤变黑,变得粗糙,英语用weather-beaten表示,即(esp of sb's skin or face) tanned, stained, damaged, worn down, sunburned, or roughened, etc. as a result of being exposed to the sun and wind。例如:

The frosty hair showed that the old man was weather-beaten.

灰白的头发表明这位老人饱经风霜。

The old experienced sailor had a ruddy, weather-beaten face.

这个富有经验的老水手有一张红润而饱经风霜的脸。

 

经历恶劣的天气变化,如同经历一场磨难后渡过难关。to weather另有to come safely through a difficult period or experience的意思,即“渡过难关”。例如:

During the financial crisis, the company just managed to weather the recession.

在金融危机期间,这个公司勉强渡过了经济衰退难关。

The company has taken some effective measures to weather the crisis.

这个公司已采取若干有效措施度过危机。 

storm是恶劣天气,to weather the storm的意思是to survive difficulties,to pull through difficulties,to win out,即“挺过/扛过难关”例如:

The general manager of the company refused to resign, intending to weather the storm.

这位公司总经理拒绝辞职,打算挺过难关。

 

fair weather的意思是“宜人的天气”。例如:

We were blessed to have a fair weather when we arrived at our destination that afternoon.

我们很有福气,当那天下午到达目的地时遇上宜人的天气。

 

fair-weather作为形容词修饰具体事物时,意思是suitable or used only during fair weather,即“只适宜于好天气的”,其言外之意是“不适宜于坏天气”。例如:

I have a fair-weather car that is not built for the snow.

我有一辆只适宜于好天气的汽车,它的构造不适于在下雪时行驶。

 

fair-weather作为形容词修饰人时,意思是doing a particular activity only during fair weather,即“只在好天气行事”,其言外之意是“不在坏天气行事”,一般不带贬义。例如:

As a fair-weather hiker, he brings fair-weather hiking gear with him.

作为一名只在好天气远足的人,他随身携带只适宜于好天气的远足装备。

In fact, I'm a fair-weather person in general in that I love sunshine, warm weather and most of all summer.

事实上,我总的来说是个只喜欢好天气的人,表现为我喜爱阳光、温暖的天气和夏日大部分时光。 

可是,有时fair-weather当形容词用修饰人时,就不那么宜人了,它的意思是present and dependable only in good times或behaving in a particular way only when it is pleasant for them,相当于汉语的“只能同甘、不能共苦”或“只能同荣华、不能共患难”。例如:

You can never draw on him to help you for he is merely a fair- weather person.

你永远不要指望他会帮助你,因为他仅仅是个只能同荣华、不能共患难的人。

 

fair-weather friend指的是只能同甘、不能共苦的朋友,跟“酒肉朋友”的意思接近。人们从不同角度描述fair-weather friend。例如:

A fair-weather friend is a good friend only when you are enjoying good times. Once you have problems, he or she will disappear.

只有当你享受美好时光时,酒肉朋友才是好朋友。一旦你遇到问题,酒肉朋友就消失了。

A fair-weather friend is only a friend when circumstances are pleasant or profitable.

酒肉朋友只是顺境时或有利可图时的朋友。

 

有人出于无奈,觉得fair-weather friend还不是坏透了的人。例如:

I'd rather have a fair-weather friend than a "friend" who merely pretends to be my friend.

我宁愿有个酒肉朋友,也不愿交个只会假装是我朋友的“朋友”。 

本文摘自《英语“说文解字”》,最早发表于2011年5月《英语世界》,有删节。

解词:解释英语单词的意义用法

释义:论说词语的文化内涵

翻译:追寻英汉互译的方法技巧

应用:探讨中西文化的异同之处



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