每周分子 Molecule of the Week

Original ACS美国化学会 ACS美国化学会 2022-07-01

Molecule of the Week: Hyaluronic acid

每周分子：透明质酸

《默克索引》表明，透明质酸（HA；有时被称为玻尿酸）是“一种天然的高粘度黏多糖”。如图所示，它由重复的2 -葡糖苷单元组成。这种天然材料的摩尔质量分布在10⁶到10⁷g/cm³之间。

在人体中，高粘性HA及其钠盐是关节液的主要成分；它们也存在于玻璃体和脐带中。HA的名字来源于hyalos（希腊语中玻璃状的意思）。

1934年，哥伦比亚大学（纽约）的Karl Meyer和John W. Palmer从牛眼玻璃体中分离出了HA，并检测了它的许多属性。20年后，Meyer和Bernard Weissman发现了取自脐带的HA结构。

含HA的关节液是软组织的天然润滑剂，这些软组织帮助天然或人造关节（如髋关节和膝关节）平稳运行。HA清除由炎症产生的自由基。有时HA被注射到患关节炎的关节处，帮助病患减轻疼痛和协助病患运动。

HA已被批准用于某些眼科手术，但没有证据表明它在抗衰老化妆品中的有效性。然而，它可以作为脸部真皮填充剂减少皱纹和提供饱满感。

透明质酸信息速览

登记号	9004-61-9
摩尔质量	3–7 x 10⁶ g/mol
分子式	(C₁₄H₂₁NO₁₁)_n
外观	透明，粘性液体或白色粉末
熔点	N/A
水溶性	无限水溶

透明质酸危害信息

GHS分类*：非危害物质或混合物

【关于每周分子】

自2001年以来，“每周分子”已成为广受欢迎的栏目。多数分子由读者推荐。每个结构都经由科学家审查，并以3-D和平面图像的形式显示，同时附有该分子简介。可以通过美国化学文摘社（CAS）提供的SciFinder中的CAS REGISTRY获取每周分子的更多信息。CAS REGISTRY中的每条物质信息都展示了物质的CAS登记号、索引名、通用名、商品名、书目信息等其他更多信息。发送邮件至motw@acs.org推荐您感兴趣的分子。

According to the Merck Index, hyaluronic acid (HA; sometimes called hyaluronan) is “a natural high-viscosity mucopolysaccharide”. As shown in the images, it consists of repeating two-glucoside units. The molar mass of the natural material is between 10⁶and 10⁷ g/cm³.

In the human body, highly viscous HA and its sodium salt are a major constituent of synovial fluid; they are also found in the vitreous humor and the umbilical cord. Its name is derived from hyalos, the Greek word for vitreous.

In 1934, Karl Meyer and John W. Palmer at Columbia University (New York) isolated HA from the vitreous humor of cattle eyes and measured many of its properties. Twenty years later, Meyer and Bernard Weissman described the structure of HA taken from umbilical cords.

HA-containing synovial fluid is a natural lubricant for the soft tissues that support natural or artificial joints such as hips and knees, helping them to function smoothly. HA scavenges radicals generated by inflammation. It is sometimes injected into arthritic joints to ease pain and assist movement.

HA is approved for use in some eye surgeries, but there is no evidence of its effectiveness in cosmetic anti-aging products. It can be used, however, as a dermal filler in the face to reduce wrinkles and provide fullness.

Hyaluronic acid fast facts

CAS Reg. No.	9004-61-9
Molar mass	3–7 x 10⁶ g/mol
Empirical formula	(C₁₄H₂₁NO₁₁)_n
Appearance	Transparent, viscous fluid or white powder
Melting point	N/A
Water solubility	Infinite

Hyaluronic acid hazard information

GHS classification*: not a hazardous substance or mixture

*Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals.

About Molecule of the Week

MOTW has been a popular feature on ACS website since 2001. Many molecules are suggested by our website visitors. Every structure is reviewed by a scientist and displayed in 3-D and flat images with a brief description. Each week’s molecule also links to a sample record from the CAS REGISTRY, which is searched using SciFinder. Each record displays the registry number, index name and synonyms, bibliographic information, and more. Send us a molecule suggestion at motw@acs.org.

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