备考笔记|CATTI英语二口实务（5)
距离上半年CATTI口译考试还剩32天。
备考CATTI口译，实务真题当然是必不可少的学习材料。今天我们来继续学习吧！
2017年下半年二口实务真题
本篇备考笔记的材料节选自2017年CATTI二口实务英译汉的第一篇。
为了节省时间，提高效率，我们为大家节选了其中的重点段落，和大家一起学习。
01
听译
本篇文章有关经济话题，同时也提及了环境、基础设施建设、投资、教育等。这些都是二级口译考试经济话题中经常出现的要素。本文知识点较多，翻译时要注意行文逻辑通顺。
准备好纸笔，点击音频，即可听译，记得拿手机录音哦！方便回听，纠错！
02
视译
听译完毕之后，可以边视译，边对照，看看自己刚才听译的效果如何。
重点段落1.
原文：
The slowing of China's economic growth has many causes. In my view, it is a healthy development, resulting from a necessary change in China's growth model. Since the beginning of China's growth miracle, a large part of the country 's development has been directed from the centre. This top-down approach has focused on heavy industry, infrastructure, and the promotion of exports. This growth model had its roots in central planning, but China also encourages market liberalization and openness to international competition, thus making significant gains in productivity and technological upgrading. This strategy has been incredibly successful: The Chinese economy is two-and-a-half times bigger today than a decade ago.
参考译文：
中国经济增长速度放缓，这有很多原因。我认为，增速放缓是健康的，是中国发展模式改变造成的必然结果。从中国增长的奇迹一开始出现，中国的发展在很大程度上是中央主导的。这种自上而下的政策的重点是发展重工业、基础设施和出口。这种发展模式源于中央计划，但中国也鼓励市场自由化，欢迎国际竞争，从而在提高生产力和技术升级方面取得了重点进展 。这一战略取得了巨大成功。现在中国经济总量比十年前的大2.5倍。
笔记
◾openness noun
willingness or readiness to receive (especially impressions or ideas)
•Extensibility and openness& The flexibility to seamlessly add a new data source to the enterprise information system.
可扩展性和开放性：无缝地将新数据源添加到企业信息系统的灵活性。
◾ directed from the centre：中央主导
◾ top-down approach：(在文中可理解为)自上而下的政策
◾ market liberalization：市场自由化
◾ two and a half times bigger：比……大（多）2.5倍
译点拓展 ◾翻译时要注意中英思维转换，以及语言脱壳处理，不必逐词翻译。 必要时可重塑语言结构 ，同时加强对小词用法的了解。 • This top-down approach has focused on heavy industry, infrastructure, and the promotion of exports. 这种自上而下的政策的重点是发展重工业、基础设施和出口。 • but China also encourages market liberalization and openness to international competition. 但中国也鼓励市场自由化，欢迎国际竞争。 • This strategy has been incredibly successful. 这一战略取得了巨大成功。 |
重点段落2.
原文：
However, the top-down strategy has its limits. The share of economic output going into manufacturing, infrastructure, and exports is too large to be sustained, and there is overemphasis on investment and exports rather than on consumption. Recognizing these limits, China is working to make the transition to a bottom-up growth model, focused on the development of service industries, that is, retail trade, health, education, finance, and transportation. Services currently make up about half of the Chinese economy, compared to about four-fifths of the economy of the United States. As productivity and services generally does not grow as quickly as in manufacturing, this transition will involve slower economic growth.
参考译文 ：
但是这种自上而下的战略也有其局限性。经济产出用于制造业、基础设施和出口的部分过大,难以持续，过分强调投资和出口，而忽略了消费。中国已经认识到这一战略的局限性，正在努力转变为一种自下而上的发展模式，更加重视发展服务业，也就是说，零售业、保健、教育、金融和运输。目前服务业占中国经济总量的一半左右 ，而美国服务业占经济总量的五分之四左右由于服务业的生产率增长幅度一般不如制造业的快 ，这一转变将导致经济增长减速。
笔记
◾ involve verb
connect closely and often incriminatingly影响；牵连
involve sb in sth
•You have involved me in a great deal of extra work.你害得我添了一大堆额外的工作。
◾make up ( rather informal ) to be the parts or people that form sth 指组成、构成：
•Women make up 56% of the student numbers.
女生占学生人数的56%。
◾economic output：经济产出
◾bottom-up growth model：自下而上的发展模式
译点拓展 ◾服务业：服务业，指利用设备、工具、场所、信息或技能为社会提供服务的业务，包括代理业、旅店业、饮食业、旅游业、仓储业、租赁业、广告业和其他服务业。 服务业即第三产业，包括交通运输、仓储和邮政业，信息传输、计算机服务和软件业，批发和零售业，住宿和餐饮业，金融业，房地产业，租赁和商务服务业，科学研究、技术服务和地质勘查业，水利、环境和公共设施管理业，居民服务和其他服务业，教育，卫生、社会保障和社会福利业，文化、体育和娱乐业，公共管理和社会组织，国际组织等行业。 重点段落3. 原文： The experience of some old American industrial cities like Pittsburgh offers useful lessons to China as it goes through this crucial economic transition. The economy of Pittsburgh was built on heavy manufacturing, a model that eventually reached its limits. And heavy industry took a heavy toll on its environment. Pittsburgh another industrial American cities that succeeded in reviving their economies did so primarily by turning from manufacturing to services. In these cities, the government and private sector worked together to revitalize downtowns, develop tourist attractions and conference facilities, clean up the environment, and improve transportation links and other critical infrastructure. They then attract businesses in clean sectors like medicine, technology, finance, and retail. 参考译文 ： 在中国正经历这一关键的经济转型阶段时，像比兹堡这样老的美国工业城市的经验可以对其提供有益的借鉴。匹兹堡的经济是以重工业为基础的，但这种模式最终走到了尽头，重工业对其环境造成了严重污染。匹兹堡和其他一些美国工业城市重振经济发展，主要得益于成功地从制造业向服务业转型。在这些城市中，政府和私营企业共同努力重新发展市中心地区，发展旅游景点和会议设施，净化环境，并改进交通网和其他重要的基础设施，然后吸引公司在医药、技术、金融和零售业等清洁领域内投资。 笔记 ◾ toll：[C, usually sing.] the amount of damage or the number of deaths and injuries that are caused in a particular war, disaster, etc.（战争、灾难等造成的）毁坏；伤亡人数 take a heavy toll (on sb/sth) •Illness had taken a heavy toll on her.疾病对她的身体造成极大的损害。 take its toll (on sb/sth) •The recession is taking its toll on the housing markets.经济衰退使住房市场遭受着重大损失。 ◾private sector：私营企业 ◾took a heavy toll on its environment：给环境造成了严重污染 ◾revitalize downtowns：重新发展市中心地区
|
重点段落4.
原文：
Strengthening education was the key , as it has benefits like attracting and maintaining skilled workforces and setting up high-tech companies. Pittsburgh’s redevelopment was greatly helped by hosting several major universities, particularly the university of Pittsburgh, which led efforts to build research facilities where old factories had once stood. A symbol of Pittsburgh's transformation is the former U.S steel building in downtown Pittsburgh, the headquarters of a steel company. It is now the university of Pittsburgh Medical Center, which is the largest employer in the whole region. How can China make a transition to a more service-oriented economy like Pittsburgh has done? Reducing subsidies to exports and heavy industry, while continuing reforms to make it easier to start new businesses is a critical step. China can also enter into partnerships with foreign companies that can bring essential expertise in various fields.
参考译文：
加强教育是关键的环节，因为这可以吸收和留住以技术的劳动力，并成立高科技公司。匹兹堡的在发展在很大程度上得益于当地有机所知名大学，特别是匹兹堡大学。这所大学带头在老工厂的旧址上建立了研究机构。匹兹堡焕然一新的一个象征就是市中心原来的美国钢铁大楼。这座大楼以前是一家美国钢铁公司的总部，而现在是匹兹堡大学的医疗中心，该中心在整个医疗地区雇佣人员占第一位。那么中国如何像匹兹堡那样进行转型，发展以服务业为导向的经济呢?很重要的一步是，减少对出口和重工业务的 补贴，继续改革，使创业更容易。中国也可以与外国公司结成伙伴关系，以利用它们在各个领域的专业知识。
笔记
◾ expertise noun 专门知识；专门技能；专长
expertise(in sth/in doing sth)
They have considerable expertise in dealing with oil spills.
他们在处理溢油问题方面非常在行。
◾service-oriented economy：以服务为导向的经济
03
回译
回译，即将原文与译文调换，从译文往原文翻译，巩固提高双语能力。
重点段落1.
原文：
中国经济增长速度放缓，这有很多原因。我认为，增速放缓是健康的，是中国发展模式改变造成的必然结果。从中国增长的奇迹一开始出现，中国的发展在很大程度上是中央主导的。这种自上而下的政策的重点是发展重工业、基础设施和出口。这种发展模式源于中央计划，但中国也鼓励市场自由化，欢迎国际竞争，从而在提高生产力和技术升级方面取得了重点进展 。这一战略取得了巨大成功。现在中国经济总量比十年前的大2.5倍。
参考译文：
The slowing of China's economic growth has many causes. In my view, it is a healthy development, resulting from a necessary change in China's growth model. Since the beginning of China's growth miracle, a large part of the country 's development has been directed from the centre. This top-down approach has focused on heavy industry, infrastructure, and the promotion of exports. This growth model had its roots in central planning, but China also encourages market liberalization and openness to international competition, thus making significant gains in productivity and technological upgrading. This strategy has been incredibly successful: The Chinese economy is two-and-a-half times bigger today than a decade ago.
重点段落2.
原文：
但是这种自上而下的战略也有其局限性。经济产出用于制造业、基础设施和出口的部分过大,难以持续，过分强调投资和出口，而忽略了消费。中国已经认识到这一战略的局限性，正在努力转变为一种自下而上的发展模式，更加重视发展服务业，也就是说，零售业、保健、教育、金融和运输。目前服务业占中国经济总量的一半左右 ，而美国服务业占经济总量的五分之四左右。由于服务业的生产率增长幅度一般不如制造业的快 ，这一转变将导致经济增长减速。
参考译文 ：
However, the top-down strategy has its limits. The share of economic output going into manufacturing， infrastructure， and exports is too large to be sustained, and there is overemphasis on investment and exports rather than on consumption. Recognizing these limits, China is working to make the transition to a bottom-up growth model, focused on the development of service industries, that is, retail trade, health, education, finance, and transportation. Services currently make up about half of the Chinese economy, compared to about four-fifths of the economy of the United States. As productivity and services generally does not grow as quickly as in manufacturing, this transition will involve slower economic growth.
重点段落3.
原文：
在中国正经历这一关键的经济转型阶段时，像比兹堡这样老的美国工业城市的经验可以对其提供有益的借鉴。匹兹堡的经济是以重工业为基础的，但这种模式最终走到了尽头，重工业对其环境造成了严重污染。匹兹堡和其他一些美国工业城市重振经济发展，主要得益于成功地从制造业向服务业转型。在这些城市中，政府和私营企业共同努力重新发展市中心地区，发展旅游景点和会议设施，净化环境，并改进交通网和其他重要的基础设施，然后吸引公司在医药、技术、金融和零售业等清洁领域内投资。
参考译文：
The experience of some old American industrial cities like Pittsburgh offers useful lessons to China as it goes through this crucial economic transition. The economy of Pittsburgh was built on heavy manufacturing, a model that eventually reached its limits. And heavy industry took a heavy toll on its environment. Pittsburgh another industrial American cities that succeeded in reviving their economies did so primarily by turning from manufacturing to services. In these cities, the government and private sector worked together to revitalize downtowns, develop tourist attractions and conference facilities, clean up the environment, and improve transportation links and other critical infrastructure. They then attract businesses in clean sectors like medicine, technology, finance, and retail.
重点段落4.
原文：
加强教育是关键的环节，因为这可以吸收和留住以技术的劳动力，并成立高科技公司。匹兹堡的在发展在很大程度上得益于当地有机所知名大学，特别是匹兹堡大学。这所大学带头在老工厂的旧址上建立了研究机构。匹兹堡焕然一新的一个象征就是市中心原来的美国钢铁大楼。这座大楼以前是一家美国钢铁公司的总部，而现在是匹兹堡大学的医疗中心，该中心在整个医疗地区雇佣人员占第一位。那么中国如何像匹兹堡那样进行转型，发展以服务业为导向的经济呢?很重要的一步是，减少对出口和重工业务的 补贴，继续改革，使创业更容易。中国也可以与外国公司结成伙伴关系，以利用它们在各个领域的专业知识。
参考译文：
Strengthening education was the key , as it has benefits like attracting and maintaining skilled workforces and setting up high-tech companies. Pittsburgh’s redevelopment was greatly helped by hosting several major universities, particularly the university of Pittsburgh, which led efforts to build research facilities where old factories had once stood. A symbol of Pittsburgh's transformation is the former U.S steel building in downtown Pittsburgh, the headquarters of a steel company. It is now the university of Pittsburgh Medical Center, which is the largest employer in the whole region. How can China make a transition to a more service-oriented economy like Pittsburgh has done? Reducing subsidies to exports and heavy industry, while continuing reforms to make it easier to start new businesses is a critical step. China can also enter into partnerships with foreign companies that can bring essential expertise in various fields.
04
二次听译
经过上面的三遍训练之后，大家可以再返回上文，重新听译一遍，将材料练透。
在这遍中，要更加注意细节的处理，如单复数、句子的完整性、时态等问题。
本学习笔记由北京策马翻译小编整理、编写，
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