600岁的网红,了解下?
历经600年风云变幻,依旧美丽如初,故宫创下了建筑奇迹!
网红好像有很多名称呢。
我们今日跟大家普及一下。
一:紫禁城
(The Forbidden City)
“紫”字的来源,是因为古人相信“天人合一”的理论,所以故宫的结构是模仿传说中的“天宫”而构造的。古代天文学把恒星分为三垣,周围环绕着二十八宿,其中紫垣(北极星)正处中天,是所有星宿的中心。紫垣成了代表天帝的星座。因而,把天帝所居的天宫称为“紫宫”。身居紫宫,可以四方归化、八面来朝,达到江山永固的目的。
“禁”字的来源,则是因为皇宫乃皇室所居,尊严无比,官员也需皇帝召见才能进,对于普通老百姓来说,更是禁地般的存在。
“城”字的来源,则是因为皇宫是一座守卫森严的城堡,由城墙围着,外围的城墙高近10米,底宽8.6米,质料坚固,墙侧表面光滑,使人难以攀爬。城墙周长约三公里,只分别在东、南、西、北四方,各开了一道门。城墙外还围绕着一条宽52米、深6米的护城河。
So where does the name Forbidden City come from? It's actually an English translation of the palace's Imperial name zijin cheng, a title rich in symbolism.
Cheng means "city", "jin" is "forbidden", but the Chinese character for zi, also meaning purple, references the north star, which in traditional Chinese astrology was the eternal abode of the emperor. Think of the zjin cheng as its earthly counterpart, where the "son of heaven" would reign eternal. Kind of like an interstellar holiday home.
二:故宫博物馆
(palace museum / imperial palace)
近来,故宫还有个名字,叫“palace museum”或“imperial palace”。这是由于故宫全称叫做“故宫博物馆”。
那小伙伴们,你们知道故宫宫殿的英语表达吗?我们一起积累一下吧!
图片来源:中国日报
The 178-acre (72-hectare) compound was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987 in recognition of its importance as the centre of Chinese power for five centuries, as well as for its unparalleled architecture and its current role as the Palace Museum of dynastic art and history.
紫禁城占地178英亩(72公顷),是中国五个世纪权力中心,其建筑无与伦比,目前还是王朝艺术和历史故宫博物院,于1987年被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。
让我们一起来感受一下紫禁城动人美貌吧!
The architecture of the walled complex adheres rigidly to the traditional Chinese geomantic practice of feng shui. The orientation of the Forbidden City, and for that matter all of Beijing, follows a north-south line. Within the compound, all the most important buildings, especially those along the main axis, face south to honour the Sun. The buildings and the ceremonial spaces between them are arranged to convey an impression of great imperial power while reinforcing the insignificance of the individual.
建筑四周筑有围墙,严格遵循中国传统风水学。紫禁城为南北走向,和北京的走向一致。院落内,所有最重要的建筑,尤其是主轴沿线的建筑,都坐北朝南,向太阳致敬。建筑间安排彰显了巨大的皇权,身处其间,人显得格外渺小。
午门
The Wu Gate is the imposing formal southern entrance to the Forbidden City. Its auxiliary wings, which flank the entryway, are outstretched like the forepaws of a guardian lion or sphinx. The gate is also one of the tallest buildings of the complex, standing 125 feet (38 metres) high at its roof ridge. One of its primary functions was to serve as a backdrop for imperial appearances and proclamations.
午门气势雄伟,为正式南门。其辅助翅膀位于入口两侧,像守护狮子或狮身人面像的前爪一样张开。午门也是建筑群中最高建筑之一,屋顶高125英尺(38米)。主要功能之一是作为帝国外观和公告的背景。
【词汇】auxiliary:(technical) (of a piece of equipment) used if there is a problem with the main piece of equipment 备用的
【例句】The restaurant is operated by the Palo Alto Auxiliary for the benefit of the Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital.这家餐厅由帕洛阿尔托附院经营,收益用来资助露西尔·帕卡德儿童医院。
【拓展】supporting, helping, aiding, assisting, accessory, ancillary
太和门
North of the Gate of Supreme Harmony lies the Outer Court, heart of the Forbidden City, where the three main administration halls stand atop a three-tiered marble terrace overlooking an immense plaza. The area encompasses some seven acres (three hectares)—enough space to admit tens of thousands of subjects to pay homage to the emperor. Towering above the space stands the Hall of Supreme Harmony, in which the throne of the emperor stands. This hall, measuring 210 by 122 feet (64 by 37 metres), is the largest single building in the compound, as well as one of the tallest (being approximately the same height as the Wu Gate). It was the centre of the imperial court.
太和门北面是紫禁城的中心—外院,三个主要的行政大厅矗立在一个三层大理石平台之上,俯瞰着巨大广场。太和门占地约七英亩(三公顷)—足够容纳数万名臣民参拜皇帝。太和殿高耸入云,皇帝宝座矗立其间。这座大殿的尺寸为210乘122英尺(64乘37米),是最大单体建筑,也是最高建筑之一(与午门差不多高)。它是朝廷的中心。
御花园
Farther north lies the Inner Court, which contains the three halls that composed the imperial living quarters. Adjacent to these palaces, at the northernmost limit of the Forbidden City, is the 3-acre (1.2-hectare) Imperial Garden, the organic design of which seems to depart from the rigid symmetry of the rest of the compound. The garden was designed as a place of relaxation for the emperor, with a fanciful arrangement of trees, fish ponds, flower beds, and sculpture.
再往北是内院,内院有三个大厅,构成了皇室的起居室。临近这些宫殿,在紫禁城的最北端是御花园,占地3英亩(1.2公顷),御花园的设计并不像其余宫殿那样规整。花园被设计成皇帝的休闲场所,树木,鱼塘,花坛和雕塑布置得极具观赏性。
关于故宫,还有一些建筑词汇需要积累!
图片来源:中国日报
在刚刚过去的2019年,故宫博物院的年接待量首次突破1900万人次大关。
截至2019年12月31日闭馆,故宫博物院全年接待观众累计达到1933万6275人次,同比增长10%。
2019年故宫博物院实行每日8万人次限流措施的总天数111天。2018年为76天,2017年为52天,2016年为47天,2015年为32天。限流天数的不断增长,表明了观众参观热情的不断上升。2019年暑期,7月仅1天未限流,8月仅3天未限流,表明学校和家庭带领青少年参观博物馆的热情越来越高。11月下旬,故宫雪景吸引大批观众,罕见出现了淡季限流日。
按照年龄统计,20岁以下观众共计265万人次,占比15%;20至30岁观众352万人次;30至40岁的观众最多,共计372万人次。40岁以下年轻观众占比56%。80后、90后、00后成为参观故宫博物院的“主力军”。
另外值得一提的是,今年还有81名观众是百岁以上的老人。 北京观众翻倍,外国观众占总比5%从地域分布来看,观众来源地排名前五的省份分别为:山东154万人次、河北150万人次、河南128万人次、江苏114万人次、四川86万人次。北京观众今年达到了81万人次,较去年增长一倍。港澳台观众共8777人次。外国观众106万人次,占年度观众总数的5%。
根据故宫博物院有档案记载的观众数据统计,1949年至2019年(70年)来,故宫博物院累计接待观众4亿5614万6658人次。
1979年至2019年(40年),接待观众3亿8835万7535人次,占70年来总参观人数的85.14%。
2012年至2019年(7年),接待观众1亿2983万8506人次,占70年来总参观人数的28.46%。
可见,改革开放及十八大以来,故宫博物院的参观接待数量大幅度增长,反映了随着经济社会的不断发展,人们对精神文化的需求日益提升。
数据来自故宫官方
我们最后再目睹一下故宫的绝世风采吧!
“腊八”用英文怎么说?
北京策马寒假班火热招生,口笔译、MTI、法语线上全部都有!