国务院新闻办14日发表《新疆各民族平等权利的保障》白皮书。白皮书介绍，70多年来，中国共产党和中国政府始终坚持“以人民为中心”的人权理念，始终把生存权、发展权作为首要的基本人权，把人权的普遍性原则与中国实际相结合，不断丰富和发展治疆方略，坚持依法治疆、团结稳疆、文化润疆、富民兴疆、长期建疆，新疆人权事业不断得到新的发展和进步。白皮书指出，新疆有效保障生命权、尊重保护自由权、切实维护公正审判权；在保障公民政治权利方面，新疆各民族不论人口多少、历史长短、发展水平高低、风俗习惯差异等，都具有平等的地位，共同参与国家事务、管理地方事务、行使基层民主权利。 在经济权利方面，白皮书显示，新疆经济社会快速发展，民生建设和投入力度持续加大，各民族拥有平等的发展机会，共同开发建设，共享幸福生活。在文化权利方面，新疆高度重视各民族优秀传统文化的挖掘、传承和保护，不断提升公共文化服务水平，切实保障公民受教育权。 白皮书指出，新疆建立了覆盖全民的社会保障体系，健康保障水平显著提升；新疆高度重视妇女儿童工作，着力解决妇女儿童发展中的突出问题，促进妇女儿童事业稳步发展。 白皮书强调，新疆坚持保护合法、制止非法、遏制极端、抵御渗透、打击犯罪的原则，全面贯彻落实宗教信仰自由政策，正常宗教活动依法受到保护，公民宗教信仰自由的权利得到有效保障。 以下是正文：新疆各民族平等权利的保障Respecting and Protectingthe Rights of All Ethnic Groupsin Xinjiang（2021年7月）中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室The State Council Information Office ofthe People's Republic of ChinaJuly 2021目录Contents前言Preface一、公民权利的保障I. Civil Rights二、政治权利的保障II. Political Rights三、经济权利的保障III. Economic Rights四、文化权利的保障IV. Cultural Rights五、社会权利的保障V. Social Rights六、妇女儿童权利的保障VI. Rights of Women and Children七、宗教信仰自由权利的保障VII. Freedom of Religious Belief结束语Conclusion前言Preface 人人充分享有人权，是人类社会的伟大梦想，也是包括新疆各族人民在内的全体中国人民长期追求、不懈奋斗的共同目标。Full realization of human rights is one of the great dreams of all humanity, and a goal to which the people of China, including those of the ethnic groups in Xinjiang, have long aspired. 新疆自古以来就是多民族聚居地区，新疆各民族是中华民族大家庭血脉相连的家庭成员。公元前60年，西汉王朝中央政权设置西域都护府，新疆地区正式纳入中国版图，成为中国统一的多民族国家不可分割的组成部分。Xinjiang has been home to numerous ethnic groups since remote antiquity, and all the groups in the region are closely related members of the broader family of the Chinese nation. In 60 BC, the Western Han Dynasty set up the Western Regions Frontier Command, and Xinjiang was formally incorporated into the territory of China, becoming an integral part of this unified multiethnic country. 新中国成立前，新疆各族人民历经磨难，深受帝国主义侵略势力、封建剥削阶级和宗教特权阶层的压迫，社会地位极其低下，无法享有基本人权。Before the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, the people of Xinjiang suffered oppression from invading imperialist forces, the feudal exploiting class and the privileged religious hierarchy. At the bottom of the social ladder, they were deprived of basic human rights. 1949年，中国共产党领导各族人民推翻了帝国主义、封建主义和官僚资本主义的统治，建立了中华人民共和国。新疆各族人民同全国人民一道翻身解放，共同当家做了主人。In 1949, the Chinese people led by the Communist Party of China (CPC) overthrew the forces of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism, and founded the PRC. The people of Xinjiang, together with the rest of the country, were liberated and became masters of their own country. 新中国把坚持民族平等、民族团结和各民族共同繁荣发展作为解决民族问题和处理民族关系的基本原则，并确立在少数民族聚居地区实施民族区域自治制度。截至1954年，新疆成立了5个自治州、6个自治县。1955年，新疆维吾尔自治区成立。各自治地方的建立，有力保障了新疆各族人民当家作主的民主权利，开启了各民族平等团结互助和谐的社会主义民族关系新纪元，新疆经济社会发展进入新的历史时期，各族人民的人权保障水平不断提升。The PRC regards equality, unity and common prosperity for all ethnic groups as the basic requirements for managing ethnic affairs and handling ethnic relations. It established the system of regional ethnic autonomy in areas inhabited by ethnic minorities in compact communities. By 1954, Xinjiang had established five autonomous prefectures and six autonomous counties. In 1955, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was founded. The establishment of these autonomous divisions effectively guaranteed the democratic rights of people in Xinjiang to be masters of their own affairs, and started a new era of socialist ethnic relations characterized by equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony. Xinjiang ushered in a new stage of economic and social development, and better protection of human rights. 70多年来，中国共产党和中国政府始终坚持“以人民为中心”的人权理念，始终把生存权、发展权作为首要的基本人权，把人权的普遍性原则与中国实际相结合，不断丰富和发展治疆方略，坚持依法治疆、团结稳疆、文化润疆、富民兴疆、长期建疆，坚持以保障和改善民生为重点，大力发展各项事业，共享改革发展成果，切实保障各族人民平等参与、平等发展权利，新疆人权事业不断得到新的发展和进步。For more than 70 years since 1949, the CPC and the Chinese government have upheld a people-centered approach to human rights protection, treating the rights to subsistence and development as the primary human rights. Integrating the principle of universal human rights with the country's realities, China has enriched its strategy for the governance of Xinjiang with the following guidelines: governing Xinjiang in accordance with the law, maintaining stability in the region through ethnic unity, nourishing the cultures of Xinjiang, promoting prosperity among the local population, and developing Xinjiang from a long-term perspective. In this process, China has given priority to securing and improving people's wellbeing, advanced various undertakings in Xinjiang, and shared the fruits of reform and development with people of all ethnic groups, so as to guarantee their equal rights to participation and development. Thanks to these efforts, human rights have made steady progress in Xinjiang.篇幅有限，扫码获取双语对照PDF版本