A demonstrator outside the Russian Embassy in Vienna holds a poster reading “Ban Russia from SWIFT” during a protest Feb. 26 against the invasion of Ukraine. (Hans Punz/AFP/Getty Images)相信不少小伙伴都看到了新闻，美国和欧盟等27国宣布将停止俄罗斯SWIFT网络的访问权，今天就跟小马来学习CNN和华盛顿邮报对于此事件的相关报道吧！
White House and EU nations announce expulsion of 'selected Russian banks' from SWIFTThe White House, along with the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and Canada, announced Saturday evening that they would expel certain Russian banks from SWIFT, the high-security network that connects thousands of financial institutions around the world, pledging to "collectively ensure that this war is a strategic failure for (Russian President Vladimir) Putin."
The heart muscles contract to expel the blood.They were told that they should expel the refugees.The fair coordinator has been given powers to expel suspected troublemakers.保证；许诺；用……抵押；发誓；为……祝酒；（pledge的现在分词）；抵押；抵押物；典当物
What is SWIFT, and why does it matter in the Russia-Ukraine war?What is SWIFT, the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication?It is a messaging network that connects banks around the world and is considered the backbone of international finance. The Belgian-based consortium links more than 11,000 financial institutions operating in more than 200 countries and territories, acting as a critical hub to enable international payments. Last year, the system averaged 42 million messages a day, including orders and confirmations for payments, trades and currency exchanges. More than 1 percent of those messages are thought to involve Russian payments.
SWIFT是一个连接世界各地银行的信息网络，被认为是国际金融的支柱。这家总部位于比利时的财团联合了11,000多家金融机构，这些机构分布于200多个国家和地区，成为实现国际支付的关键枢纽。过去的一年中，该系统平均每天处理4200万条消息，包括支付、交易和货币兑换的订单和确认。其中，俄罗斯的支付信息超过1%。Who regulates SWIFT? SWIFT is a consortium that is run by officials from its member banks, including the National Bank of Belgium, the U.S. Federal Reserve System, the Bank of England, the European Central Bank and the Bank of Japan.
World Wide Web Consortium 万维网联盟 ; 万维网协会 ; 万维网同盟 Unicode Consortium 统一码联盟 ; 统一码协会 ; 统一码技术委员会 ; 定组织Internet Systems Consortium 互联网系统协会 ; 系统联盟 ; 据互联网软件系统联盟 ; 互联网体系协会British Retail Consortium 英国零售商协会 ; 英国零售协会 ; 协会 ; 英国零售业协会Consortium Purchasing 联合采购 ; 联合
The consortium is a nonprofit group affiliated with the University of Chicago. A consortium plans to build a natural-gas pipeline from Russia to supply eastern Germany. 一家财团计划修建一条从俄罗斯向德国东部供应天然气的管道。What role might SWIFT play in the Russian invasion of Ukraine?Eastern European countries and France were among the early advocates of economic sanctions that would cut Russia off from SWIFT. Depending on how many banks the European Union and the United States plan to target through SWIFT, they could make it more difficult for Russian entities to process transactions and could hobble the Russian economy’s ability to do business beyond its borders. When Western nations threatened to use this sanction against Russia in 2014, after it annexed Crimea, the country’s former finance minister Alexei Kudrin said it could reduce the country’s gross domestic product by 5 percent within a year. Russia’s gross domestic product was about $1.7 trillion last year, making it the 12th-largest economy in the world.
东欧国家和法国是最早主张对俄罗斯实施经济制裁、切断其与SWIFT联系的国家之一。根据欧盟和美国计划通过SWIFT锁定的银行数量，它们可能会增加俄罗斯实体处理交易的难度，并可能削弱俄罗斯经济在境外开展业务的能力。2014年，在俄罗斯吞并克里米亚后，西方国家威胁要对俄罗斯实施制裁，该国前财政部长阿列克谢·库德林(Alexei Kudrin)表示，这可能会在一年内使该国的国内生产总值(GDP)下降5%。俄罗斯去年的国内生产总值约为1.7万亿美元，是世界第12大经济体。
处罚；制裁；认可；准许；批准；约束力；正式认可；法令；法律；赞成；对…实施制裁；对…处以惩罚He may now be ready to sanction the use of force. The Security Council will consider taking future actions against sanction-busters. Under those current plans, Russia is expected to remain able to export gas to Europe. U.S. Treasury officials have said that a broader targeting of Russia through SWIFT could damage Western businesses, especially major oil companies. Banks in the United States and Germany are the most frequent users of SWIFT to communicate with Russian banks, making the two countries especially vulnerable to a fallout.
根据目前的计划，俄罗斯有望继续向欧洲出口天然气。美国财政部官员曾表示，通过SWIFT扩大对俄罗斯的制裁可能会损害西方企业，尤其是大型石油公司。美国和德国的银行是SWIFT中与俄罗斯银行联系最为频繁的，这使得两国特别容易受到影响。资金；基金；国库；金库；宝库；宝藏；财政部；大量珍品辐射微尘；放射性尘降；后果；副作用；余波；空气悬浮物；浮尘The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind. 经济的不良影响已经开始显现，而政治带来的影响可能也不远了。For a time the fallout was deadly. The fallout would not be confined to the property market. If Russian banks are cut off from SWIFT, are there alternative networks they can use? Yes. Russia created an alternative network, the System for Transfer of Financial Messages, but financial experts say it is an inadequate replacement. By the end of 2020, the system included only 400 participants from 23 countries. There is also China’s Cross-Border Interbank Payment System, which would allow both countries to bypass SWIFT. This is a greater concern, since China is the second-largest economy in the world, and any strengthening of this alternative system could erode the current dollar-dominated global financial system, undermining Western power.
俄罗斯创建了一个替代网络，即金融信息传递系统，但金融专家表示，这是一个不充分的替代品。截止2020年底，该系统仅包括来自23个国家的400名参与者，还有中国的跨境银行间支付系统，这将允许两国绕过SWIFT。这是一个更大的隐患，因为中国是世界第二大经济体，任何强化这一替代体系的行为都可能侵蚀当前以美元为主导的全球金融体系，削弱西方力量。
inadequate advertising 不适当广告 ; 不舒服当告白 inadequate personality 不适当人格 ; 内科 不健全人格 inadequate supply 不充足的供水 ; 供应不足I still feel inadequate, useless and mixed up. In court filings, they argued that the settlement was inadequate. The food supplies are inadequate to meet the needs of the hungry. interbank market 同业拆借市场 ; 银行同业拆放市场 ; 行间市场 London Interbank Offer Rate 伦敦银行同业拆放利率 ; 拆款利率 ; 伦敦银行同业拆放利率来源考试大 IBBR interbank bid rate 银行间报价利率 London Interbank Offered Rate 伦敦同业拆放利率 ; 伦敦银行同业拆借利率 ; 伦敦银行间拆借利率 interbank rate 银行同业拆息率 ; 银行同业利率 ; 银行间利率 ; 银行同行拆息率 Interbank Rates 银行同业买卖汇率 ; 大型国际银行向其它大型国际银行报价时所按照的外汇汇率 ; 银行间汇率大型跨国银行之间的相互外汇报价 interbank deposit 银行同业存款 ; 银行同行存款 interbank offered rate 银行同业拆息率 ; 银行同业拆息 ; 同业拆放利率 ; 拆出利率Why have banks been paying so much in the interbank market? Vocalink is one of the biggest interbank payment processors in the world. Vocalink是世界上最大的银行同业支付服务提供商(interbank payment processors)之一。bypass ratio 涵道比 ; 旁通比 ; 航 函道比 ; 旁路比 Cardiopulmonary bypass 心肺转流术 ; 体外循环 ; 心肺转流 ; 心肌保护 bypass capacitor 旁路电容器 ; 旁路电容 ; 路电容器 ; 帝路电容器 bypass test 直通试听法 ; 纵贯试听法 Gastric Bypass 胃绕道 ; 胃旁路术 ; 胃绕道手术 ; 术 bypass heat treatment 旁路热处理 ; 旁路热处置惩罚 ; 旁路热措置惩罚 Bypass Diode 旁路二极管 ; 旁路二极体 ; 续流二极管 coronary artery bypass surgery 冠状动脉搭桥手术 ; 冠状动脉分流术Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. 最后，管理者可以利用直觉，绕过深入分析，迅速采取行动，得出一个合理的解决方案。 Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 相反，我们故意让自己养成的新习惯创造了平行的路径，可以绕过那些旧的路径。 The odds of a criminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that the FBI doesn't even track those statistics. 罪犯利用技术手段绕过安全系统的几率非常小，甚至连 FBI 都不会追踪这些数据。We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. 我们需要弄清楚动物研究与祖母的髋关节置换手术、父亲的搭桥手术、婴儿的疫苗接种、甚至宠物的疫苗接种之间的联系。Can Russia use cryptocurrency to evade sanctions if it loses access to the SWIFT network? Because there is no central controller that has the power to act as a gatekeeper, crypto could be used for things such as crowdfunding for the Ukrainian army or helping Russia evade sanctions. However, Russian cryptocurrency activity has historically paled in comparison with the transactions processed by its traditional financial institutions, so experts do not believe it could be used to fully replace SWIFT. Also, countries and their banking institutions that choose to help Russia evade this potential sanction could face negative consequences from dozens of nations across the world.
由于没有一个有权充当看门人的中央控制器，crypto可能被用于为乌克兰军队众筹资金或帮助俄罗斯逃避制裁等事情。然而，与俄罗斯传统金融机构处理的交易相比，俄罗斯的加密货币活动在历史上一直相形见绌，因此专家们不认为它可以完全取代SWIFT。此外，选择帮助俄罗斯规避这一潜在制裁的国家及其银行机构可能受到来自全球数十个国家的不良影响。evade the question 逃避问题 ; 回避问题 evade payment of tax 逃缴税款She is trying to evade all responsibility for her behaviour. He managed to evade capture. （公共网络的，而非政府发行的）加密电子货币（使用加密法确保付款安全支付及收取）Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies 比特币和数字货币技术 The Cryptocurrency Bill 数字货币法案 Cryptocurrency Online Vault Storage System 加密货币在线金库存储系统Digital CryptoCurrency 数字加密货币The Global cryptocurrency benchmarking study 全球数字货币基准研究报告Global Cryptocurrency Benchmarking Study 全球加密货币基准研究 cryptocurrency exchanges 交易所Within the last year, the number of transactions with Bitcoin has grown 94%, within the last 1,5 years, the cryptocurrency quotations have grown 225%. 去年一年中比特币交易数量上升了94％， 过去1年半的时间i，虚拟货币已增至225%。好了，今天的学习就到这里了~
真心希望战争结束，世界和平！
来源：CNN、华盛顿邮报
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