论文快递：第六十期
编者按
Urban Studies 每年投稿量为1000多篇，每年发表16期，共180篇论文左右。由于稿件量大，文章从接收到正式出版周期较长，因此编辑部会在稿件接收排版后的第一时间在网上发布论文全文 (Online First) 。"论文快递" 栏目将同步推出网上刊登的最新论文，方便读者了解Urban Studies的最新动态，敬请关注！
本期为“论文快递”栏目的第六十期，将介绍Urban Studies第8-11篇2019年最佳论文的候选作品（总共有11篇候选作品，前7篇请参见“论文快递：第五十七期”以及“论文快递：第五十九期”），主题涵盖居住分类的变化趋势、英格兰地区住房衰落带来的慢性城市创伤、对土地掠夺与发展的二分对立的思考、管理咨询在企业家城市中的角色，欢迎阅读。
本年度最终的获奖文章是：Rachel Pain, “Chronic urban trauma: The slow violence of housing dispossession”。
The analysis of residential sorting trends: Measuring disparities in socio-spatial mobility
居住分类趋势分析：衡量社会空间流动性差异
Tal Modai-Snir（代尔夫特理工大学）
Pnina Plaut（以色列理工大学）
首次出版时间：2018/11/27｜2019年Urban Studies最佳论文候选作品
Abstract
Ethnic and socioeconomic segregation levels vary over time and so do the spatial levels of these segregations. Although a large body of research has focused on how residential mobility patterns produce segregation, little is known about how changing mobility patterns translate into temporal and scale variations in sorting. This article develops a methodological framework designed to explore how changing mobility patterns reflect such trends. It introduces a measure of sorting that reflects the extent of disparities among groups in their socio-spatial mobility. Trends in the direction and the extent of sorting can be exposed by computing sorting measures over consecutive periods. The measure is broken down to capture the relative contributions of residential mobility to sorting at hierarchically nested geographical units, for example cities and their constituent neighbourhoods. An empirical demonstration shows that changes in residential mobility patterns affect the magnitude and spatial level of residential sorting, which vary even over the short term.
摘要
种族和社会经济隔离水平随着时间的推移而变化，这些隔离的空间水平也是如此。虽然大量的研究都集中在居住流动模式如何产生隔离，但对于流动模式的变化如何转化为分类的时间和规模变化知之甚少。本文开发了一个方法框架，旨在探索不断变化的流动模式如何反映这些趋势。它引入了一种分类指标，反映了群体在社会空间流动方面的差异程度。通过计算连续时期的分类指标，可以暴露出分类方向和程度的趋势。该指标被分解以捕获居住流动性对分层嵌套地理单元（例如城市及其组成街区）的分类的相对贡献。实证证明，居住流动模式的变化会影响居住分类的规模和空间水平，即使在短期内也会出现不同。
Keywords
Keywords residential mobility, residential sorting, segregation, socio-spatial mobility, sorting trends, spatial level
Chronic urban trauma: The slow violence of housing dispossession
慢性城市创伤：住房衰落的慢性暴力
Rachel Pain（纽卡斯尔大学）
首次出版时间：2018/11/15｜2019年Urban Studies最佳论文候选作品
Abstract
This paper sets the idea of slow violence into dialogue with trauma, to understand the practice and legitimisation of the repeated damage done to certain places through state violence. Slow violence (Nixon R (2011) Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press) describes the ‘attritional lethality’ of many contemporary effects of globalisation. While originating in environmental humanities, it has clear relevance for urban studies. After assessing accounts of the post-traumatic city, the paper draws insights from feminist psychiatry and postcolonial analysis to develop the concept of chronic urban trauma, as a psychological effect of violence involving an ongoing relational dynamic. Reporting from a three-year participatory action research project on the managed decline and disposal of social housing in a former coalmining village in north-east England, the paper discusses the temporal and place-based effects of slow violence. It argues that chronic urban trauma becomes hard-wired in place, enabling retraumatisation while also remaining open to efforts to heal and rebuild.
摘要
本文探讨慢性暴力的概念与创伤的关系，以了解通过国家暴力对某些地方造成重复损害的做法及其被合法化的过程。慢性暴力（Nixon R (2011)《慢性暴力与穷人的环保》，剑桥，麻省：哈佛大学出版社）描述了全球化的许多当代影响的“消耗性杀伤力”。它源于环境人文学科，但与城市研究有着明显的相关性。在评估了创伤后城市的情况后，本文从女权主义精神病学和后殖民分析中汲取了见解，以提出慢性城市创伤的概念，作为涉及持续关系动态的暴力的心理影响。我们的分析基于一项为期三年的参与行动研究项目，该项目涉及英格兰东北部一个前煤矿村的社会住房的管制性衰落和处置。以此为基础，本文讨论了慢性暴力的暂时性的、基于地方的影响。本文认为，慢性城市创伤会成为地方的固有现象，这使得创伤会不断重复发生，但同时也给治愈和重建留下了机会。
Keywords
Keywords class, community, displacement, gentrification, housing, inequality, trauma, violence
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018795796
Land in urban debates: Unpacking the grab–development dichotomy
城市辩论中的土地：探讨土地掠夺与发展的二元对立
Femke van Noorloos（乌特勒支大学）
Christien Klaufus（阿姆斯特丹大学）
Griet Steel（乌特勒支大学）
首次出版时间：2018/9/11｜2019年Urban Studies最佳论文候选作品
Abstract
On the heels of the rural ‘land grab’ debate, the ongoing urban transition combined with large-scale urban infrastructure investments and land scarcity forces us to also pay more attention to issues of land in urban discussions. Yet how can we conceptualise land-related problems in order to connect and integrate rural and urban debates in overarching discussions of development? In this commentary, we argue for moving beyond the directly visible outcomes and presumed ‘culprits’ of land investments by critically analysing indirect and long-term effects of land acquisitions on people’s livelihoods as well as the differentiation of these effects for different actors. We propose three specific arguments to disentangle the grab–development dichotomy: 1) placing a focus on the sequential chain of effects of displacement; 2) paying more attention to the ambivalent roles and contradictory interests of different actors; and 3) taking the three-dimensional aspects of land development into account.
摘要
在农村“抢地”争论之后，正在进行的城市转型与大规模的城市基础设施投资和土地稀缺相结合，迫使我们在有关城市的讨论中更加关注土地问题。然而，我们如何将与土地有关的问题概念化，以便将农村和城市的辩论联系起来，并将两者整合到关于发展的总体讨论中呢？在这篇评论中，我们主张批判性地分析土地征用对人们生计的间接和长期影响，以及对不同参与者而言此等影响的区别，从而超越直接可见的结果以及一般人想当然地认为的土地投资的“罪恶”。我们提出了三个具体的论点，来解开“抢地-发展”的二分法迷思：1）把重点放在拆迁的连续影响链上；2）更加关注不同参与者的矛盾角色和矛盾利益；3）考虑土地开发的三个维度。
发展, 拆迁, 排斥, 绅士化, 抢地, 土地投资, 土地使用, 贫困, 再开发, 再生
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018789019全球专家，本地说服力：管理顾问和维护企业家城市
Anne Vogelpoh（汉堡大学）
首次出版时间：2018/6/11｜2019年Urban Studies最佳论文候选作品
Abstract
The advice of management consultancies on urban policy is particularly influential in moments of crisis involving entrepreneurial principles. As global experts, management consultants appear as appropriate assistants for steering growth-oriented, competitive urban development. In order to show how consultants turn the urban into an entrepreneurial project to be managed, I discuss the literature on urban policy and consultants then examine the activities of private management consultancies in six German cities. Empirically, I first explore the specificities of urban policy advice given by globally operating consultancies (their methodological approach and the projectisation of the urban; global networks and comparative–competitive thinking; fast databases; reputation; externality). Second, I critically reflect on how the consultants’ advice is fundamentally reshaped by local actors in the process of policy making (through participation, appropriation, slowdown and politicisation). The paper thus critically evaluates the rise of expertise–policy relations and calls attention to mechanisms for patching the fractures of the entrepreneurial city.
摘要
在涉及“企业家原则”的危机时刻，管理咨询机构对城市政策的建议尤其具有影响力。作为全球专家，管理顾问似乎是适当的助手，可以指导实现以增长为导向、具有竞争力的城市发展。为了说明顾问如何将城市变成一个“企业家项目”来管理，我会讨论关于城市政策和顾问的文献，然后研究私人管理咨询公司在六个德国城市的活动。从实证的角度，我首先探讨了跨国咨询公司提供的城市政策建议的特征（其系统方法和城市项目化、全球网络和比较竞争思维、快速数据库、声誉、外部性）。其次，我批判性地思考了在政策制定过程中（通过参与、拨款、放缓和政治化），咨询顾问的建议是如何从根本上被当地参与者重塑的。在此基础上，本文批判性地评估了“专家—政策”关系的兴起，并呼吁关注如何建立一系列机制，修补“城市企业化”造成的割裂。
comparative urban studies, globalisation, governance, local government, management consultants, policy
比较城市研究, 全球化, 治理, 地方政府, 管理顾问, 政策
原文地址
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