环境信息公开与地区空气质量——基于PM2.5监测的准自然实验分析

《财经研究》 2022年48卷第5期 页码：110 - 124  online：2022年5月9日

环境信息公开与地区空气质量——基于PM2.5监测的准自然实验分析

Environmental Information Disclosure and Regional Air Quality: A Quasi-natural Experiment Based on the PM2.5 Monitoring

作者（中）：潘旭文1, 付文林2

作者（英）：Pan Xuwen1, Fu Wenlin2

作者单位：1.上海财经大学 公共经济与管理学院, 上海 200433 2.浙江财经大学 财政税务学院, 浙江 杭州 310018

摘要：污染防治需要政府和社会的共同努力，环境信息公开是有效协同治理的基础。文章利用我国《环境空气质量标准（2012）》分阶段实施这一外生冲击构造准自然实验，通过多期双重差分法分析了污染监测信息公开对城市空气质量的影响。研究发现：第一，污染信息公开可显著降低地区空气污染浓度。第二，在政府内部压力和外部监督的双重作用下，环境信息公开不仅有助于提高政府环境关注度，还激发了社会公众的环保监督积极性，推动企业投资规模和结构调整，形成政府、企业和公众共治的环境治理格局。第三，环境信息公开的污染防治效应受到地方官员特征、地方财力的影响，在官员年龄越大和财政压力越小的地区，环境信息公开具有更显著的污染治理效应。文章的研究意味着在完善环保法律和加强环保投资水平的同时，还应继续加大环境信息公开力度，构建以政府为主导，企业为主体以及公众共同参与的环境治理体系。

关键词：环境信息公开; 环保意识; 空气质量; 双重差分法

Summary: Pollution prevention and control requires the joint efforts of the government and society, and environmental information disclosure is the basis of effective collaborative governance. Environmental information disclosure, as an institutional arrangement for the government to respond to public demands for environmental protection and governance, the evaluation and mechanism of its policy effectiveness are worth further discussing. Based on the urban panel data from 2008 to 2016 in China, this paper takes the release of the “Ambient Air Quality Standards 2012” as an exogenous policy shock, and analyzes the impact of pollution monitoring information disclosure on air quality using the multi-period DID method. This paper discusses the influence channel mechanism of environmental information disclosure on air quality from the perspectives of government, enterprise and the public. Various robustness test methods such as Heckman two-step method, PSM-DID and placebo are used to verify the effectiveness of the basic conclusions. It comes to the following conclusions: First, the disclosure of pollution information can significantly reduce the density of air pollution. Second, under the dual role of internal government pressure and external supervision, environmental information disclosure not only helps to improve the government environmental concern, but also stimulates the public enthusiasm for environmental protection supervision, promotes the scale and structural adjustment of new investment by enterprises, and forms the environmental governance pattern of government, enterprise and the public. Third, the pollution prevention effect of environmental information disclosure is affected by the characteristics of local officials and local financial resources. In areas with older officials and less financial pressure, environmental information disclosure has a more significant pollution control effect. The conclusion of this paper has a practical significance for further improving the environmental governance system with the government as the leading body, the enterprise as the main body and public participation. It means that while improving the environmental protection law and strengthening the level of environmental investment, we should also increase the disclosure of environmental information, improve the quality, accessibility and comprehensibility of environmental information data, and play the role of environmental information in cross-regional pollution prevention and control coordination, so as to improve the sustainable development momentum of the government to promote regional economic growth and environmental governance.

Key words: environmental information disclosure; environmental awareness; air quality; DID

DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20220113.402

收稿日期：2021-9-7

基金项目：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目（16ZDA065）；国家社科基金重大项目（20&ZD169）

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