财政视角下的疾疫治理演化——基于历史维度的考察

《财经研究》 2022年48卷第6期 页码：49 - 63  online：2022年6月6日

财政视角下的疾疫治理演化——基于历史维度的考察

Evolution of Epidemic Control from the Perspective of Finance: Based on the Historical Dimension

作者（中）：林源, 马金华

作者（英）：Lin Yuan, Ma Jinhua

作者单位：1.中央财经大学 财政税务学院, 北京 100081

摘要：中国社会的疾疫治理经历了从避疫到治疫，再到防疫的转变。财政作为国家治理的重要工具，始终是防范和化解风险冲击的关键。文章以明清以来的六次重大疾疫为研究对象，探究财政视角下的疾疫治理演化路径。研究发现：（1）应对疾疫冲击的财政举措从传统时期的仓皇救疫，过渡到近代时期的积极治疫，最终实现防治兼备、联防联控。（2）应对疾疫冲击的财政治理范式从皇权主导下的官方赈济，转变为社会力量广泛参与，最终呈现出协同共治新局面。（3）随着国家治理能力和治理水平逐渐提升，疾疫治理的财政定位从救济性向基础性、支柱性转变。治理手段与方式转化的背后，恰恰映射了疾疫治理的财政价值取向从治民到为民的根本性转变。回溯中国历史上的疾疫治理历程，反思财政治疫下的国家治理模式与治理体系，能够为新时代全球风险防范与大国财政建构提供新的理论和经验证据。

关键词：疾疫冲击; 财政政策; 公共风险; 国家治理

Summary: The epidemic is a disease for all. The treatment of epidemic diseases in Chinese society has experienced a transformation from avoiding epidemic diseases, treating epidemic diseases, and then to epidemic prevention. As an important tool of national governance, finance is always the key to prevent and resolve risk shocks. At the beginning of 2020, an outbreak caused by COVID-19 spread rapidly from Wuhan, Hubei to the whole country, and became a public health emergency which aroused international concern. This sudden epidemic disaster has seriously impacted people’s psychological endurance and social operation order, and brought physiological diseases and life crisis all over the world. Properly dealing with the major epidemic crisis is no longer a simple medical and health problem, but a social development problem related to the survival of the whole people and national governance. Taking the six major epidemic diseases since the Ming and Qing Dynasties as the research object, this paper compares financial measures, financial governance paradigms, financial positioning and financial value orientation to deal with the epidemic impact in different periods. The research finds that: (1) The financial measures to deal with the epidemic impact have changed from hasty rescue in the traditional period to active treatment in the modern period, and finally achieved both prevention and control. (2) The financial governance paradigms to deal with the epidemic impact have changed from official relief under the guidance of imperial power to extensive participation of social forces, and finally presented a new situation of coordinated governance. (3) With the gradual improvement of national governance capacity and governance level, the financial positioning to deal with the epidemic impact has changed from relief to basic and pillar. The above changes reflect the fundamental transformation of the financial value orientation of epidemic governance from governing the people to serving the people. Looking back on the course of epidemic control in Chinese history and reflecting on the national governance model and governance system under financial control can provide new theoretical and empirical evidence for the prevention of global risks and the financial construction of large countries in the new era. Compared with previous literature, in terms of research perspective, this paper breaks the barriers between history and economics, and explores the transition of national governance system and governance capacity behind epidemic governance in different historical periods from the perspective of finance. In terms of research content, this paper focuses on the differentiated characteristics of finance in different historical periods and different historical events, and deeply reflects on the transformation of China’s financial positioning and financial value orientation based on epidemic control in the process of historical evolution. In terms of research conclusion, this paper deeply analyzes the theoretical and historical basis behind the fiscal policy, and explores the unique characteristics of the people and the times of finance as the foundation of governing the country, in order to provide valuable clues and enlightenment for deepening the reform of financial system and innovating financial functions in the new era.

Key words: epidemic impact; fiscal policy; public risk; national governance

DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20220316.201

收稿日期：2021-12-27

基金项目：国家社会科学基金重点项目（20AJY018）

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