世卫专家：特朗普的精神病日益恶化（双语）

编者按

2018年7月3日，世界卫生组织专家、耶鲁大学精神病学家Bandy X. Lee和哥伦比亚大学教授Jeffrey D. Sachs联名发表文章《特朗普的精神病日益恶化》，由于小编实在缺乏病理学和心理学知识，无从判断本文是高级黑还是严肃认真的，故全文中英对照仅供参考。

文章版权归原作者所有

观点不代表本机构立场

特朗普的精神病日益恶化

作者：Bandy X. Lee；Jeffrey D. Sachs

编译：学术plus

原载：www.project-syndicate.org

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Seemingly every day now, US President Donald Trump escalates his policy and personal attacks against other countries and their heads of state, the poor and the weak, and migrant families. Most recently, Trump has championed the heartless separation of migrant children from their parents. Though public outrage may have forced him to retreat, his disposition to attack will soon make itself felt elsewhere.

如今，美国总统唐纳德•特朗普(Donald Trump)针对其他国家、国家元首、穷人和弱势群体以及移民家庭的人身攻击似乎每天都在升级。最近他又支持将移民子女与父母无情地分离。尽管公众的愤怒可能迫使他退却，但他的攻击倾向很快就会在其他地方产生影响。

Most pundits interpret Trump’s outbursts as playing to his political base, or preening for the cameras, or blustering for the sake of striking future deals. We take a different view. In line with many of America’s renowned mental-health experts, we believe that Trump suffers from several psychological pathologies that render him a clear and present danger to the world.

大多数专家认为，特朗普的爆发是在迎合他的政治基础，或是在镜头前摆架子，或是为了达成未来的交易而怒吼。我们持不同的观点，与美国许多著名的心理健康专家一样，我们认为特朗普患有几种心理疾病，这让他对世界构成了明显而现实的危险。

Trump shows signs of at least three dangerous traits: paranoia, lack of empathy, and sadism. Paranoia is a form of detachment from reality in which an individual perceives threats that do not exist. The paranoid individual can create dangers for others in the course of fighting against imaginary threats. Lack of empathy can derive from an individual’s preoccupation with the self and a view of others as mere tools. Harming others causes no remorse when it serves one’s own purposes. Sadism means finding pleasure in inflicting pain or humiliating others, especially those who represent a perceived threat or a reminder of one’s weaknesses.

特朗普至少表现出三种危险的特征:偏执、缺乏同情心和虐待狂。偏执是一种脱离现实的症状，在这种情况下，个体感知到假想的威胁，偏执的人会在对抗假想威胁时给他人制造危险。缺乏同理心源自对自我的专注，以及将他人视为工具的心理，为了达到自己的目的而伤害他人并不会引起他们的愧疚感。虐待狂指的通过羞辱他人或令他人痛苦而获得快乐感，尤其是那些表现出明显威胁或指出自己弱点的人。

We believe that Trump has these traits. We base our conclusion on observations of his actions, his known life history, and many reports by others, rather than as the finding of an independent psychiatric examination, which we have previously called for, and call for again. But we do not need a complete picture to recognize that Trump is already a growing danger to the world. Psychological expertise tells us that such traits tend to worsen in individuals who gain power over others.

我们相信特朗普具有这些症候。我们的结论是基于对他行为的观察，他已知的生活史，以及寻多其他人的报告；而非基于我们之前曾要求、并在此继续呼吁的独立精神病检查。但我们无需要更全面的信息就已经发现，特朗普对世界构成了越来越大的危险。心理学专业知识告诉我们，以上精神特质往往会在那些权力超过他人的个体中恶化。

To justify his belligerent actions, Trump lies relentlessly and remorselessly. In fact, according to a Washington Post analysis, Trump has made over 3,000 false or misleading claims since taking office. And, the Post notes, his lying seems to have escalated in recent weeks. Moreover, Trump’s confidants describe him as increasingly likely to ignore any moderating advice offered by those around him. There are no “grownups in the room” who can stop him as he surrounds himself with corrupt and bellicose cronies prepared to do his bidding – all of which is entirely predictable from his psychology.

为了证明自己好斗的合理性，特朗普肆无忌惮的撒谎。根据《华盛顿邮报》的分析报告，特朗普自上任以来已经发表了3000多篇虚假或误导性的言论，最近几周，他的谎言似乎升级了。此外特朗普的心腹人士称，他越来越无视身边人提供的任何温和建议。“屋子里没有成年人”能阻止他，因为他周围都是腐败和好战的密友，他们准备按他的要求行事，这一切都完全可以从他的心理中得到预测。

Trump’s wild exaggerations in recent weeks reveal the increasing severity of his symptoms. Consider, for example, his repeated claims that the vague outcome of his meeting with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un constitutes an end to the nuclear threat posed by Kim’s regime, or his blatant lie that Democrats, rather than his own policies, caused the forced separation of migrant children from their parents at the southern border with Mexico. The Post recently counted 29 false or misleading statements in a mere one-hour rally. Whether intentional or delusional, this level of persistent lying is pathological.

最近几周特朗普的夸大其词，表明他的症状越来越严重。例如他一再声称他与朝鲜领导人会晤的模糊结果，足以解除金正日政权的核威胁。他公然谎称导致在墨西哥南部边境强迫移民儿童与父母分离是民主党而不是他的政策。最近他在一个小时的集会发言中，就有29个虚假或误导性的陈述。无论是有意还是妄想，这种持续性撒谎都是一种病态。

Since Trump actually lacks the ability to impose his will on others, his approach guarantees an endless cycle of threats, counter-threats, and escalation. He follows any tactical retreat with renewed aggression. Such is the case with the spiraling tit-for-tat trade war now underway between Trump and a widening circle of countries and economies, including Canada, Mexico, China, and the European Union. The same is true of Trump’s unilateral withdrawal from a growing number of international agreements and bodies, including the Paris climate agreement, the Iran nuclear deal, and, most recently, the United Nations Human Rights Council, after it criticized US policies towards the poor.

由于特朗普实际上缺乏将自己的意志强加于人的能力，他就促成了一个无休止的威胁、反威胁和升级的循环。紧随着战术退却而重新发动进攻。特朗普与加拿大、墨西哥、中国和欧盟(eu)等日益扩大的国家和经济体之间的针锋相对的贸易战正在愈演愈烈。特朗普单方面退出越来越多的国际协议和机构，包括《巴黎气候协议》、《伊朗核协议》，以及最近的联合国人权理事会，此前该机构批评了美国对穷人的政策。

Trump’s paranoia is translating into heightened geopolitical tensions. Traditional allies, not accustomed to dealing with US leaders with severe mental defects, are clearly shaken, while adversaries appear to be taking advantage. Many of Trump’s supporters seem to interpret his shameless lying as bold truth-telling, and pundits and foreign leaders tend to believe that his bizarre lashing out reflects a political strategy. Yet this is a misunderstanding. Trump’s actions are being “explained” as rational and even bold, whereas they more likely are manifestations of severe psychological problems.

特朗普的偏执正在转化为地缘政治紧张局势加剧。传统的盟友，不习惯与有严重精神缺陷的美国领导人打交道，显然已经动摇了，而对手似乎正在占据优势。特朗普的支持者似乎将他无耻的谎言解释为大胆的说实话，专家和外国领导人倾向于相信，他的奇谈怪论是一种政治策略。然而这是一种误解，特朗普的行为更可能是严重心理问题的表现。

History abounds with mentally impaired individuals who have gained vast power as would-be saviors, only to become despots who gravely damage their societies and others. Their strength of will and promises of national greatness entice a public following; but if there is one lesson of this kind of pathology in power, it is that the long-term results are inescapably catastrophic for all.

人类历史上充斥着精神有问题的人，他们以救世主的形象获得了巨大的权力，却成为了严重破坏社会和他人的暴君。他们的意志和对伟大国家的承诺，吸引了公众的追随；但如果说这种病态在权力中有一个教训的话，那就是长期看这对所有人来说都是一场不可避免的灾难。

We should not remain immobilized by fear of a future disaster. A leader with dangerous signs of paranoia, lack of empathy, and sadism should not remain in the presidency, lest he commit devastating damage. Any appropriate measure to remove the danger – the ballot box, impeachment, or invocation of the US Constitution’s 25th Amendment – would help restore our safety.

我们不要因害怕未来的灾难而裹足不前。一个偏执狂、缺乏同理心和虐待狂的领导人不应该继续担任美国总统，为免造成毁灭性的伤害，任何消除危险的适当措施，投票、弹劾或援引美国宪法第25修正案之规定，都将有助于恢复我们的安全。

（全文完）

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【作者简介】

（1）Bandy X. Lee，耶鲁大学医学院的法医精神病学家，世界卫生组织项目负责人。

（2）Jeffrey D. Sachs，哥伦比亚大学卫生政策与管理教授，可持续发展中心和联合国可持续发展解决方案主任。

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