柳叶刀 | 活动受限和辅助器具使用的全球差异
大多数流行病学研究的重点是死亡率或临床事件,而与基本日常功能相关的活动受限及其后果方面的信息较少。《柳叶刀》(The Lancet)发表PURE研究分析,研究中活动受限筛查包含了关于行走、抓握、弯腰、看近、看远、说话、听力和辅助器具(步态、视力和听觉辅助器具)自我报告困难的问题。研究发现,全球女性活动受限率远高于男性,中低收入国家的活动受限率远高于高收入国家,但步态、视力和听觉辅助器具的使用率要低得多。相关评论指出,这项研究强调了世界不同地区在活动受限方面的显著差异,为进一步研究全球健康和残疾方面的差异,以及在全球范围内采取公共卫生干预措施提供了重要依据。识别文中二维码或点击文末“阅读原文”,查阅原文。
文章摘要
从2001年1月12日到2019年5月6日,共有175,584人完成了活动受限问卷中的至少一个问题(平均年龄50.6岁[SD 9.8];女性103,625[59%])。在完成所有问题的参与者中,平均随访时间为10.7年(SD 4.4)。最常见的自我报告的活动受限是弯腰(23,921/175,515人[13.6%])、看近(22,532/167,801人[13.4%])和行走困难(22,805/175,554人[13.0%]);年龄越大和性别为女性则活动受限的比例越高。除听力外,按年龄和性别标准化的所有活动受限的患病率在中低收入国家都是最高的。在对社会经济因素进行调整后,结果不变。在中低收入国家,步态、视力和听觉辅助器具的使用率最低,尤其是女性。与高收入国家相比,低收入国家看近受限的患病率高出四倍(6,257/37,926人[16.5%] vs 717/18,039人[4.0%]),看远受限的患病率高出五倍(4,003/37,923人[10,6%] vs 391/18,038人[2.2%]),但低收入国家的眼镜使用率只有高收入国家的一半。行走受限与死亡率最相关(调整后的危险比为1.32[95%CI 1.25-1.39]),也与其他临床事件最相关。此外,看远受限与死亡率、抓握受限与心血管疾病、弯腰受限与跌倒,以及说话受限与卒中之间也存在明显关联。
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参考资料
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